In this paper 4-bit comparators are designed with six different logic of full-adder design styles at 180nm VLSI technology and all designs operated at 3.3Mhz frequency 1.8V that simulates all circuits. The circuits are designed and simulated using Tanner EDA software tools. It is concluded from power dissipation comparison that CMOS has lowest power dissipation results while DVL design style has highest in comparison. It is concluded from Propagation delay comparison that DPL design style has least propagation delay time at 180nm. So it is better to use DPL/DVL logic style to design a system where fast speed is required. The GDI and CPL technique have large delay compare to others. It is concluded from number of transistors comparison that TG technique requires less number of transistor to design a system than other two design styles. So electronics circuits designed using TG logic style will occupy less space on the chip. It is also concluded that TG style has the lowest figure of merit than other two design styles at 180nm. Thus TG and DVL have the best performance in terms of speed and power dissipation at lower supply voltages. It is a also concluded that as technology is scaling down, it is becoming more advantageous in terms of less supply voltages, less power dissipation and having less delay. Main emphasis on Power Delay Product which is less in Transmission gate logic style of adders.

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thermoelectric device, as well acknowledged as thermoelectric skill comportment device and it is a heat and skill about-face anatomic stuff. Thermoelectric tire can consisted by the heat receiver unit, thermoelectric component, heat corruption collection mostly for heat and stimulating cool and also used for other purpose. The current can be generated by thermoelectric tire at enough natural temperature dispose. The principle of electrical device is modified heat movement for powering cart able to cyber banking trimmings or charging its battery. The thermoelectric group of rise is developed and it consists of a thermoelectric supporter system, powered from jug , and a dc-to-dc adding together for converter. Both these supporter system are designed relevance models and developed. The unit produces a success capability of 5 watts which double the action of mount.

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The number of people, who wants to move around with the help of some artificial means, whether through illness or an accident, is continuously increasing. Driving a wheelchair in domestic environments is a difficult task for a normal person and becomes even more difficult for people with arms or hands impairments. This project is being developed to assist paralysed people and physically challenged people. The prototype developed consists of user dependent voice recognition system. For voice recognition we have used the artificial neural networks. In this speech recognition Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC) are used for feature extraction, Back-propagation neural network algorithm uses input training samples and their respective desired output values to learn to recognize specific patterns, by modifying the activation values of its nodes and weights of the links connecting its nodes. Such a trained network is later used for feature recognition in ASR systems. Intended users control the system by giving voice commands.

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Multicast routing is a key technology for modern communication networks. In multicasting, a single copy of message is sent by the source to multiple receivers on a shared channel. This is especially appropriate in wireless networks where bandwidth is scarce and many users are sharing the same wireless channels. Wired and infrastructure based wireless networks are supported by many multicast routing protocols. But one particularly challenging environment for multicasting is MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks). MANET is a collection of mobile nodes connected by wireless links forming a dynamic topology without any network infrastructure such as routers, servers, access points/cables or centralized administration. In MANET, each node can act as both host and router. This paper presents the simulation and analysis of three existing multicast routing protocols for MANETs namely On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) an Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP). Qualnet 5.2 is used as simulation tool for carrying out simulations.

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In recent years, interest in fatigue detection technologies has been increased so that fatigue related accidents can be prevented. There are number of mental fatigue measurement methods, which can be performance, perceptual or electrophysiological based. Among them, Electroencephalogram (EEG) might be the most predictive and reliable indicator of mental fatigue. The aim of this paper is to evaluate mental fatigue while performing the general mechanical assembly task as till date most of the EEG studies have been done where workers are made to perform jobs involving mental work. Methodology of the study was to put four operators on exhaustive and actual two sessions per person, with each session of four hours. While performing mechanical assembly task EEG raw data was acquired on BIOPAC MP150 system and later on analysis on BIOPAC acknowledge 4.3 software was carried out. The results indicate that the subjects alertness level declines greatly and the excitement level of brain decreases after the completion of task. In this study, with the help of ratio indices (α+θ)/β and β/α, we were able to find out whether the mental fatigue has occurred or not.

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The information retrieval is one of the most frequent techniques in data search for different formats. In this presented work the image based data retrieval technique is simulated. The image retrieval techniques can be divided into a number of kinds of applications but there are two major domain of image retrieval first based on text available in image data and second the content inside the image. When the techniques utilize the image contents then such kind of techniques are known as the content based image retrieval. Content based image retrieval technique consumes image features, these features are essential image attributes that are used to identify the image. Therefore there are three key features are used namely color feature, edge feature and their texture. The challenging topic in image processing is extracting accurate images from the data base according to the user defined query and objects available in database image. Therefore in this paper we described different technique for content based image retrieval and their functioning advantages. In addition of that it includes the investigation about the different recent approaches that are developed recently. We go through many technologies and made some comparisons between them.

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Power quality problems is severe in three phase four wire distribution system such as poor voltage regulation, high reactive power burden and harmonics current, excessive neutral current, load unbalancing, etc. In this paper, the three leg voltage source converter (VSC) along with zig zag transformer was functioned as a DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Synchronous compensator).The DSTATCOM is a compensating device which is used to control the flow of reactive power in the distribution systems. In three phase four wire distribution system DSTATCOM is used for compensation of reactive power and unbalance caused by various loads in distribution system. The transformer connected in zig-zag is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current. The IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) based VSC is supported by the capacitor and is mainly controlled for the required compensation of the load current. By varying the load conditions the dc bus voltage of the VSC is regulated. The simulation results are verified using MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system block set toolboxes.

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The need of ultra high speed communication network has encouraged the telecom industry to investigate the hidden potential of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) in LANs. OCDMA is considered as the optimal solution as it provides huge bandwidths as compared to the other existing multiple access systems. However, Multiple Access Interference (MAI) increases with the increase in number of simultaneous users which severely limits the performance of the OCDMA system. MAI can be reduced by using optical hard limiter placed at the front end of the receiver. But the drawback associated with it is that it is not able to handle random signals effectively. To overcome this problem, there is a strong need for the design of new detection scheme that will be proved efficient enough to enhance the performance of the OCDMA system, while reducing the effects of the MAI. A new technique using optical normalizer employing dynamic thresholding is introduced. The performance of system, in terms of BER and Q factor, is compared to the previous technique used to mitigate the effect of MAI.

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Articulated robotic arm plays very important role in nuclear power plants. In nuclear reactors, because of nuclear reactions that produce a radiation in reactors which is harmful for humans. To protect workers in highly contaminated areas or hostile environments in nuclear plants, ARA robot can be used in nuclear power plants to reduce human exposure not only to radiation, but also to hot, humid and oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Firstly derive the suitable configuration of articulated robotic arm for applications in nuclear reactors and other uses. Here four configurations are considered of five degree of freedom of articulated robotic arm. Then derived DH parameters for each of them. And also generate creo models of them.

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The development of sustainable energy services like the supply of heating water may face a trade-off with a comfortable quality of life, especially in the winter season where suitable strategies to deliver an effective service are required. Solar energy is becoming an alternative for the limited fossil fuel resources. One of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy is the conversion of solar radiation into heat, which can be used in water heating systems. A commonly used solar collector is the flat-plate. A lot of research has been conducted in order to analyze the flat-plate operation and improve its efficiency. This study investigates the heat transfer process as well as the thermal behavior of a flat plate collector evaluating different configurations of Tubes. Numbers of studies have been carried out on thermal performance of solar water heater and found more increase in the thermal efficiency in comparison to conventional solar water heater. These studies include use of double side absorber plate, honeycomb material, and more efficient coatings. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of solar flat plate collector with tubing arrangement, through the construction, experimentation, theoretical formulation and its simulation of flow and heat transfer. This paper presents an extensive study of the research carried out on solar water heater. In the present study, both experimental and theoretical developments in the field of solar water heater have been reviewed.

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