Antennas play a vital role in the design of any communication system. The printed antennas play a vital role since they have a variety of beneficial properties like mechanical durability, compactness, cost effective manufacturing. A compact high gain antenna for GPS applications is developed in this paper. This involves design and development of a folded dipole antenna with their array configurations at 1.575 GHz. The processes involve the design of a single element folded dipole on FR4_Epoxy substrate and its subsequent development into two element and five element array antenna. The antenna is simulated using Empire 3D FDTD based simulation tool. The antenna is then fabricated using this optimized design and tested to confirm the simulated results. The return loss of the single element, two element and five element folded dipole antenna are -31.3dB, -28.63dB and -20.04dB respectively.

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In India the prices of petroleum based fuels increases day by day so research work leads us to the alternative fuels. India has a large potential of the biomass sources as a fuel. Biomass is a very important type of fuel for various application of down draft gasifier. Wood as a biomass fuel for down draft gasifier is capable of producing relatively tar free gas. Down draft gasifier can be used in number of applications like for thermal application, mobile application and motive power application. This paper summarizes the research literature referred relative to the down draft gasifier.

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Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gates are very important in today’s era. This is widely used in digital circuits. This paper proposes the novel design of 2T XNOR gate using pass transistor logic. The proposed circuit has the minimum transistor count and there is no complementary input signal is used. This design has been compared and analyzed with earlier designed XNOR gates and a significant improvement in silicon area and power-delay product has been obtained against previous 3T XNOR gate. Instead of cascading two two-input XNOR gates, in this paper we design a new structure of three-input XNOR function on the transistor level. The performance has been investigated using 0.18μm Technology and evaluated by the comparison of the simulation result obtain from TSPICE.

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Advancement in software and hardware has provided lots of opportunities in Human-Machine interaction (HMI) particularly in Speech based Human-Machine interaction (HMI). Though there have been considerable achievements in this field but there are challenges like improvement in speech recognition, speech processing techniques, architecture for speech based HMI algorithms for learning and modeling. This review covers literature related to Human-Machine interaction, study of speech recognition, its techniques and overview of basic speech recognition model. In this paper we have also reviewed recent developments and ongoing work in this field which includes study of speech recognition by various models like Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and proposed model like Fused cross-correlation Model (FCCM) and study of various architecture for Speech based HMI like NIMTEK, PRESENCE.

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This paper describes the design, modeling and FEM analysis of weighbridge. The main objective of the paper is to clarify the circumstances under which a weighbridge is economically justified. The project mainly focusing on understands the different type of weighbridge according to capacity/mounting, design of weighbridge, analysis of weighbridge. This project also focuses on how different types of factor affect the accuracy of weighbridge, how a individual tire load act on a weighbridge ,how much stress and strain act on weighbridge surface. The optimization is carried out by reducing the various material required in weighbridge also maintain the accuracy of weighbridge by reducing the various mechanical, environmental, human, truck related error.

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IC engine cylinder block plays an important role for an proper working and performance of vehicle it transmits power as an power house of an vehicle a most critical circumstance which effects a performance of an vehicle is heat transfer through Ic engine bore to cooling fins. This paper thematic analyses a heat transfer analysis of Ic engine block at various speed a optimization is done on ic engine cooling fins to dissipate more and more heat transfer for better performance of vehicle. A model is modeled in NX 8.0 and analysis is performed in Computational Fluid Dynamics (Fluent) software simulation software to analyze various parameters of an ic engine block at different wind velocities at different temperature this paper also analyses an literature survey of an various types of heat sinks.

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Enhancement of heat transfer in a tube is a remarkable engineering achievement as it has the potential to reduce power consumptions of industrial heat exchangers significantly. Consequently, the power demand of industry would be reduced; lowering the need for excessive amounts of power and decreasing harmful emissions to the environment by power generators the enhancement and determination of pipe wall convective heat transfer characteristics has likely been one of the most interesting engineering aspects of heat transfer research. Different methods to enhance the heat transfer coefficient were developed. Thinking of such notion, one such technique that has been widely used in industry is the use of flow pulsation in the tube. There are many engineering practical situations where heat is being transferred under conditions of pulsating and reciprocating flows such as the operation of modern power producing facilities and industrial equipment used in metallurgy, aviation, chemical and food technology. The performance of this equipment in thermal engineering applications is affected by the pulsating flow parameters. Pulsating flows can be produced by reciprocating pump or by steady flow pump together with some mechanical pulsating devices. It may normally be expected that the heat transfer to or from the flow would be changed since the pulsation would alter the thickness of the boundary layer and hence the thermal resistance. The objective of the present work is to design experimental set up for application of the heat transfer characteristics of pulsatile turbulent flow in a pipe. This set up considers the effect of pulsation frequency, location of pulsation mechanism on the heat transfer characteristics in pulsatile flow. At the same time pulsating flow visualization with smoke generation has been done. The effect of flow pulsation on average and local heat transfer coefficient will be considered in design. This design shows the effect of pulsation frequency on local heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer coefficient relates with nusselt number. So design is useful to account nusselt number in terms of heat transfer coefficient. This design also locates position of the pulsation mechanism in order to increase the average heat transfer coefficient. It also predicts approximate nusselt number at which maximum enhancement occurs.

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In the next few years, most Banks will have leaders that are predominantly global. Finding new ways to innovate and taking new approaches to talent leaders, Banks realize that orchestrating the role of HR, they need high-quality managerial and executive talent to succeed in the new global markets. The Khandelwal Committee Report feels that HR has indeed become a new risk – possibly the biggest risk in the system, considering the new challenges and opportunities of new age banking. Certain Human Resource Management policies and sets of practices are called high performance to promote organizational effectiveness. In particular, in public sector banks there is a need to enhance professionalism in HR management to keep pace with the challenges in the emerging environment. A critical analysis would focus for preparing a prospective executive/manager or supervisor with an appropriate succession plan for leadership development and to monitor HR functions. This would facilitate engagement of the top management in implementing HR reforms and professionalize the HR function.

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Six Sigma approach is considered as a very successful tool in manufacturing quality improvement. From the last two decades, Six Sigma has helped many companies e.g., Honda, American Express, Ford, Honda, General Electric, Sony, Hitachi, Motorola, Texas Instruments etc. to be successful. The goal of any "Six Sigma" improvement effort made by the company is to obtain a long-lasting defect rate of only 3.4 defective parts-per-million (PPM) manufactured. Recently, the Six Sigma approach was introduced in the software development industry. Some software companies are making an attempt to adapt Six Sigma for their business and development processes so that they can improve their process by lowering the amount of defects and all. But there are some misconceptions about the applicability of Six Sigma in the software industry. Furthermore there is no generic software quality amendment or improvement solution predicated on Six Sigma approach. So there is a demand to invalidate or negate the misconceptions related to the applicability of Six Sigma and to develop a generic software company quality amendment or improvement solution predicated on Six Sigma approach. In this paper we take a primary step to search out such a solution for the software companies so that they can manage their projects successfully with fewer defects, better quality and high customer satisfaction. The paper starts from Six Sigma concept identification and manufacturing investigation. After conducting some interviews, a case study and several other case studies reviews from the industries, we elaborate our method so that we can find out the way to improve the process and manage the projects effectively. We expect paper to be useful enough for the software or IT companies when applying Six Sigma in their company for Process Amendment or improvement & Project Management. This research paper includes the DMAIC methodology in order to manage the projects in the software companies so as have less defects, more client satisfaction, more repeat clients, better quality and good return on investment.

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Sign language is the most significant methodology that is used for communication between hearing and speech impaired people to the normal people present in the rest of the world. Generally the people who cannot talk, they uses sign language as a communication medium. They always find difficulty in communicating with others who don’t known sign language. The aim of this project is to remove this barrier and to help these impaired people for their better communication. This project is based on the necessity of developing a software tool that can convert sign language into speech. This will help in communication taking place between the mute societies with the other over-all public. In this project, web camera is used for capturing the hand gesture performed by the impaired people which converts the hand gesture to an image. Mute people can perform different hand gesture and that will be transformed into speech so that normal people can understand their manifestation. Sign language is the language used by dumb people and it is a communication ability that uses signs instead of sound to deliver meaning instantaneously. In our project different Hand shapes, orientations and movement of the fingers forms a different signs and that is expressed fluidly in a speech. Signs are used to converse words and sentences to viewers. A various hand gestures made in a sign language, are particular movements of the hands with a specific shapes made by fingers. A sign language typically delivers sign for complete words. It also provides signs for different letters to make words that don’t have equivalent sign in the sign language library. And also different numbers can be indicated by different signs of hand and fingers. In this project matlab software plays the major role, a camera is used to capture the hand gesture and it is processed into the matlab software and after processing equivalent audible sound is given at output. Different resolution camera can be used for better results. It is better to use a 3 to 5 megapixel camera because if we use lower resolution camera then it will create a distorted image that cannot be recognised easily, and if we use very high resolution camera then it produced a large size image that will take more time to process. So we are in process of evolving a prototype using this method to ease the communication between dumb people and normal people.

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This paper describes a variety of fundamental research of Selective Laser Sintering Process on CL50WS (Hot Work Steel) Material which the authors have recently performed. Rapid Prototyping (RP) can be defined as a group of techniques which is used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data. The Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a one of the rapid prototyping (RP) technology by which physical objects are created directly from CAD model using layer by layer deposition of extruded from material. The quality of SLS produced parts is significantly affected by various parameters used in the process. SLS produces higher strength and surface finish metal parts. In this present work two important process parameters of the SLS process such as layer thickness, Orientation. Influence of each parameter on responses such as change in Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Surface roughness of the build part are essentially studied. The effect of process parameters on responses are studied by Taguchi Method. Then optimization of process parameters is made by ANOVA analysis.

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Communication in international settings has been always very complex but important. Due to lack of communication the international business must be affected. The employee employed in the home country may not aware about region language of host country, if the speaking language is not the same. Generally the problem arrives when there is difference in the language of home country and host country. The negotiation developments should take more in period of time while individuals begin buildings relationships of trust and familiarity. The proper and effective communication is essential for growth of business. The language is most important and proper tool for communication. In order to discuss the complexity of the language and its importance, this paper review provides the solution of language harmonisation in international business.

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The retina is the only part in the human body where the blood vessels can be seen directly in vivo and examined for pathological changes. Blood vessel morphology can be an important indicator for many diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, stroke, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases. Analysis of vascular changes can be used in clinical studies, patient screening, and diagnosing ocular diseases. Computer based analysis for automatic assessment of blood vessel anomalies of retinal image initially requires the segmentation of the vessels from background. This work presents an efficient method for automatic detection of blood vessels in retinal images. Firstly green channel of the Retinal image is extracted, since it presents higher contrast between vessel and background. Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalisation is used to enhance the vessels. Then segmentation is carried out using Kirsch’s compass kernel and Region growing. Morphological closing is applied to close the holes or empty area within the blood vessel created through the Kirsch’s template matching. Finally Median filtering is used to remove the noise. The proposed method has been tested on a set of retinal images. The retinal images were collected from the DRIVE and STARE database. The performance of the proposed algorithm is measured by comparing the obtained output with manually segmented ground truth images.

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The Gas Turbine Of the various means of producing either thrust or power, the gas turbine engine is one of the most satisfactory. Its main advantages are exceptional reliability, high thrust-to-weight ratio, and relative freedom of vibration. The work from a gas-turbine engine may be given either as torque in a shaft or as thrust in a jet. A gas-turbine consists often following main parts: an inlet, a compressor, a combustor, a turbine and an exhaust.

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Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GITL) are a means of bulk electric power transmission at high voltage long transmission system. Gas insulation line consists of tubular aluminium conductors encased in a metallic tube that is filled with a mixture of Sulphur Hexafluoride(SF6) and Nitrogen (N2) gases for electrical insulation. This paper presents the optimum size and the parameters of the transmission line for different voltage levels. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software is used for GITLmodel. GITL has been developed that is more economically viable and its design optimized both for installation and operation. These new possibilities can mitigate power flow problems, reduce the risk of failure of electrical transmission systems and enable the installation of optimum solutions regarding technical, economical and environmental aspects.

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Energy is considered the continuous driving power for economic growth and the major requirement for technological developments. The increasing rate of population, industry, and the per capita energy consumption are the major forces that cause the increase in energy demand during the coming years. However, the conventional energy types are neither reliable nor sustainable and the world’s reserves of oil are not large enough to be dependable in the near future. As a consequence, securing sustainable and renewable resources of energy with reasonable costs and without adverse impacts on our environment are the challenge. One solution to this is the application of the adsorption refrigeration systems that are driven by either solar energy or by waste heat. In the present study we have discussed the technological development of various adsorption refrigeration cycles. Moreover, we have provided a comparative study of some important adsorption refrigeration cycles.

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This paper presents the short circuit Analysis of a Power System by Conventional methods and also presents review of the research work which had been done in field of Short Circuit Analysis. Short Circuit studies done on any of the power systems gives us the results about the faulted MVA and Fault Currents and according to the achieved results the design of an effective protective system can be worked out. The paper shows the complete study work and literature survey of Conventional Short Circuit Analysis methods, Different elements of the power system network, Different Faults occurring in Power System and severity of various Power System Faults. For Short Circuit analysis Mi-power software is utilized which is highly featured and highly interactive.

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The metal matrix composites are modern engineering material which deals with the material science have more advantages compared to the conventional material. Aluminium based metal matrix composites have become an important research subject in recent year. The objective of current study was to produce Aluminium 6063 based composites. This composites are produce by using stir costing process. The introduction and application part of the metal matrix composites are elaborated in the first chapter, the second chapter shows the literature of the previous work, the gap found in present work after the study of the literature review is represented in the third chapter. The methodology of the composite preparation and apparatus used during the result formation are represented in fourth chapter. The result obtain of the composite materials after the testing of the standard specimen are shown in the fifth chapter. Final conclusion of the present work deals with the investigation of the mechanical behavior of Aluminium6063 alloy composites reinforced by silicon carbide (SiC) and Graphite particles with a total metal matrix reinforcement and in this hybrid reinforcement the variations of SiC and Graphite (2+2) %, (4+2) %, (6+2) %, were taken in to account for investigating the properties such as hardness, tensile strength, thermal conductivity and microstructure of the composites produced by Stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of composite combinations evaluated from the experimental studies of the Rockwell hardness testing, universal testing machine, thermocouple and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result of the produced tested composite material specimen shows the variation of the mechanical properties. The hardness and tensile strength of the composites are improved and SEM test shows the mixed reinforced particle.

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This review paper present the comparative study between the various methods of dynamic stability assessment and also investigate the various technique used to study dynamic response of power system. In this paper complete mathematical analysis of small signal stability using eigen value and eigen vector method is discussed. At last linearization of power system is discuss through mathematical equations and graphically shows the predictable solution of equation hence according to eigen values various state of power system dynamics also discussed.

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Pervious concrete is an important application for sustainable construction. It is one of the innovative techniques that can be used for ground water recharge since it can naturally filter water from rainfall or storm and reduce pollutant entering into streams, ponds and rivers. Concrete as a construction material with added self-cleaning characteristics and the ability to remove pollutants is the need of the day. Self-cleaning and air-purifying pervious concrete functionality is a promising technology that can be constructed using naturally air-cleaning agents such as photo catalyst Titanium dioxide. The paper highlights the application of titanium dioxide as partial replacement with cement in pervious concrete so as to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable pervious concrete without using any admixtures.

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Micro strip Antenna designing was the most promising research area in the earlier past and always will be. Every day a new technique of antenna development comes into existence. All these technologies make a compromise among Antenna gain, size, efficiency, radiation pattern and the frequency bands. In modern world, it is a challenge to reduce the size of an antenna and to make it operational for different frequency with acceptable efficiency and gain. This can be achieved by introducing the irregularities in the patch which resist or change the flow of surface current. The performance of an antenna can be control by controlling this current flow. This paper presents the performance of slotted patch antennas over conventional micro strip antenna and consist the analysis of different shapes like H- shape, Z-shape, E-shape, S-shape, U-shape, A-shape antennas.

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In generally, detection and diagnosis of incipient faults is desirable for product quality assurance and improved operational efficiency of induction motors. Vibration signals measured at the external surfaces of a machine contain a great deal of information as to the internal processes. Hence it is considered as a very important parameter to monitor machine health. The main aim behind this project is to make monitoring more powerful by enabling it modern communication technologies. Here we are designing Portable Embedded solution which can be fixed to any real time running machines/vehicle (like industrial motor, Heater containments etc) for monitoring. The proposed system comprises of sensor, ardunino board, programming and monitoring software. These parameters will be constantly measured and displayed and if they cross a safety limit, the control action can be taken.

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Online Interactive Data Acquisition and Control system plays the major role in the rapid development of the fast popularization and control in the field of measurement and control systems. Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures[1]. This system contains inbuilt Data Acquisition and Control system (DACS) with on-line interaction. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcome the problem of poor real time and reliability. ARM processor handles two modes at same time, DAC and web server. We control different sensors, pump and drips by using ARM processor and collected data is given to the server using Bluetooth controller.

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Security is the most important factor to be considered while designing a network and lot of research has been done in this field. One of the most effective ways for granting secured access in an organization is use of VPN. VPN is a generic term used as a combination of network topologies/technologies to describe a communication network through the tunnel, otherwise unsecured or not trusted network. VPN transmits data by the means of tunnels. The most important principle in establishing security through VPN tunnel is by providing proper Authentication and data encryption. The proposed method provides advanced encryption and authentication by using MAC address as a key. Whenever a sender wants to send any data through tunnel after establishment of the connection, the MAC address of the receivers device is read by the encryption technique it use it as a key to encrypt data.

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This paper presents a parametric study concerning behavior and design of ground circular concrete tank subjected to static loading conditions with special emphasis on IS:3370, PCA , and STAAD-Pro. The effect of the different tank aspect ratio, end condition for same capacity are reviewed and considered in the Analysis and Design. Detailed process of analysis of circular concrete tank is carried out by IS 3370:2009, PCA Table for the tank calculating base moments and Hoop Tension on walls. Separate model with the different end conditions, were developed on STAAD-Pro with the same parameter calculated by the IS 3370:2009 and PCA. Calculate the analysis by spread sheet program based on IS: 3370 and PCA have been incorporated. An important aim of this report is to determine the parametric study of the IS 3370:2009,PCA and STAAD-Pro analysis and design.

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