This paper describes a qualitative study that discusses the barriers involved in implementing EVA (Earned Value Analysis) for project monitoring in Indian construction SMEs. Many major construction projects have incurred cost overruns. A cost overrun, also known as a cost increase or budget overrun, is an unexpected cost incurred in excess of a budgeted amount due to an underestimation of the actual cost during budgeting. The approach used to carry out this study is qualitative. Since this study required finding out the working and approach of construction SMEs towards project monitoring, it was necessary to adopt a qualitative approach. The findings revealed that the problem in implementing EVA is less technical and more a management working problem. A considerable professionals agreed upon changing the complete working environment and framework of the organization in order to implement EVA. The basic input factors required for the use of EVA and the factors creating barriers in implementing EVA are discussed in this paper.

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Earthquakes are major natural destruction, responsible for loss of life and damage of property. For decreasing these damages in multi storied building we can apply bracing. The Bracing is attached to provide lateral support to wall framing. Metal straps, timber or sheet bracing can be used for bracing. A typical G+14th story regular RC frame building is designed for various types of bracing like X-bracing, inverted chevron, braced chevron brace, k bracing and carried out through seismic analysis. Three types of different section for same cross sectional area. i.e. ISA,ISMC,ISLB sections are used to compare for same patterns of bracing with unbraced building. The principle objective is to arriving to suitable configuration, modelling, developing models for seismic analysis and design of Multi Storey Building.

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This paper proposes a DC-DC converter topology which converts the low voltage DC input of a PVA (Photo voltaic array) to a high gain output. The output of the converter is further inverted to interconnect various applications. The topology comprises of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter with a high frequency transformer. With increase in the switching frequency of the converter magnetizing losses are reduced as compared to other converters. The frequency of the DC to AC inverter at the output end is higher than the DAB converter, as an effect of increase in the efficiency of the topology. Several closed loop controllers (PI, feed forward, PIR) are used for the analysis of the converter. The total analysis in done in MATLAB simulink software and all the possible results are shown in the paper.

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The developing cities are having lots of traffic problems with increasing rate of vehicle I today’s. Bhopal is in this time high population city in Madhya Pradesh. Traffic problem are due to private vehicles running in this city these increase rates of vehicles require space for movement with safety having enough capacity of rotary intersection. So capacity evaluation needs to be done on rotary intersection for easy operation of traffic. There are rotary intersection on Habibganj Naka in Bhopal where the evaluation of capacity is done. During the past decade major cities have under gone hazard growth of Industrialization, urbanization of country.

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A Vulnerability Scanner is software application that assesses security vulnerabilities web sites and web applications and produces appropriate results after the scan. However, because both admins/developers and attackers can use the same tool for fixing or exploiting a system, admins/developers need to run a scan and fix problems before an attacker can do the same scan and exploit any vulnerability found. Php Code Analyzer can help you find and validate SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), unintentionally disclosed sensitive information, and other vulnerabilities of the web applications that have located in local server before the final deployment in main server or in the web. It is written in php; application based, and can be deployed in Linux and Windows.

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This project focuses on the working of a robot with the help of servomechanism solar panel and the ATMEL16L microcontroller .It has on chip memory used for storing the program (set of instructions). Based on the program execution the robot will take the decision in order to performing particular operation. Our proposed system is not only used to controlling the robot but also used for charging the battery completely in day time. It is also used for charging a mobile phone throughout the day. The aim is completing the process of charging a battery independently while the other battery provides all the energy consumes by the robot.

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This presents a new method for simultaneous diagnosis of fault in distribution transformer. It uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). The ANFIS is first “trained” in accordance with IEC 599, so that it acquires some fault determination ability. The CO2/CO ratios are then considered additional input data, enabling simultaneous diagnosis of the type and location of the fault. Diagnosis techniques based on the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) have been developed to detect incipient faults in distribution transformers. The quantity of the dissolved gas depends fundamentally on the types of faults occurring within distribution transformers. By considering these characteristics, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) methods make it possible to detect the abnormality of the transformers. This can be done by comparing the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of the transformer under surveillance with the standard one. This idea provides the use of adaptive neural fuzzy technique in order to better predict oil conditions of a transformer. The proposed method can forecast the possible faults which can be occurred in the transformer. This idea can be used for maintenance purpose in the technology where distributed transformer plays a significant role such as when the energy is to be distributed in a large region.

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Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) is a special type of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) which have large amount of fiber. FRC contain fiber only 2% to 5% by volume of cube because of balling and clustering problem but in SIFCON we can use fiber from 5 to 20 % of volume of cube. Since SIFCON is a ductile layer of high performance fibre concrete with significantly large amount of fibres, hence it can also be used to reduce the wear and tear. However, it is applied only in relative thin layers; hence SIFCON does not perform any load bearing function. Glass is a hard brittle, noncrystline more or less transparent substance produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and silicate that also contain soda and lime. Glass can be considered as an environmentally friendly material because it can be recycled several times and can be used in many applications. According to estimation several million tonne of waste glass are generated worldwide annually. Waste glass contain high silica (SiO2) due to which when these waste glass is ground to very fine powder react with alkalises in cement and form cementitious product that help in strength contribution. In this research work we are going to use 6%,12% and 18% of steel fiber by volume of 150mm× 150mm× 150mm cube to find out the optimum strength and compare it with the strength of SIFCON produced by partial replacement of cement with glass powder at the days of 7days,14days &28 days. This research therefore is an comparison of the performance of the control SIFCON concrete made of 6%,12% & 18% of steel fiber and SIFCON produced by partial replacement of cement with glass powder. In this work 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Glass powder is replaced by weight of cement.

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Greenhouse facilitates precise monitoring and con-trolling of various parameters, so as to cultivate quality con-science crops without slaying resources. The cabling laid for the sensors, deployed inside the Greenhouse is not feasible. Hence the need for an automated system employing wireless communication and remote sensing is imperative. This paper proposes a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based embedded system and deals with the implementation of ZigBee network (over IEEE 802.15.4) for remote controlling of the Greenhouse parameters. The detailed information regarding establishment of ZigBee network in Star topology as well as in Mesh Topology, inside the Greenhouse is illustrated. It also demonstrates the real time monitoring of parameters such as temperature, humidity, as well as the total power consumption of the system, with the help of a PC based GUI application developed on Java platform.

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In present day world more picture and video compression enhancing bit by bit. The Compression capacity of a few eras of video coding measures is analyzed by method for peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and subjective testing results Yet, real hindrance of the new advances ideas are rehashed from creators. Since creators can't discover top to bottom of the papers from different innovations Video compression has been the object of serious research in the most recent thirty years. Video compression method is presently develop as is demonstrated by the vast number of utilizations that make utilization of this innovation. This paper gives the thought regarding diverse methods accessible for Video compression. H.264/AVC shows better coding execution change over its ancestors. The principle center of this paper is to examine video compression methods needed for feature preparing particularly to find the amount of measure of information to compressed, which procedures is speedier and visual quality better etc We assess the video compression methods for discovering compression proportion as far as execution, pace and precision. So Survey of Video Compression Techniques exceptionally accommodating for these sorts issues in Video Compression regions. Video Compression strategies, for example, DCT coding, Quantization, Entropy coding, Motionestimation are broadly utilized as a part of Video Compression methods. The HEVC configuration is indicated to be particularly compelling for low bit rates, high-determination feature content, and low-defer correspondence applications. The deliberate subjective change to some degree surpasses the change measured by the PSNR metric.

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Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to provide robustness and high spectral efficiency. Adaptive channel estimation is the most important and difficult task in MIMO-OFDM systems where the channel is rapidly time varying. RLS and LMS are commonly used adaptive algorithm for channel estimation in wireless systems. In this paper, a stable LMS adaptive algorithm is proposed for channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM systems based on space time block coding (STBC). Recursive least square (RLS) and Least mean square (LMS) adaptive channel estimators are discussed. The stability of proposed LMS and RLS algorithms is compared in term of μ. From the simulation results, it is observed that proposed LMS is more stable than RLS for a particular range of μ with less computational complexity. Moreover, the proposed LMS provides better performance with less training sequences compare to RLS.

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In mobile ad hoc networks, data transmission is performed within an untrusted wireless environment. A Wireless Networks are more vulnerable to different types of attack than wired Network. Various kinds of attack have been identified and corresponding has been proposed. Wormhole attack is one of the serious are attacks which forms a serious threat in the networks, especially get against many ad hoc wireless routing protocols and location- based wireless security system. In which traffic is forwarded and replayed from one location to another through the wormhole tunnel without compromising any cryptographic techniques over the network. Thus, it is challenging to defend against this attack. The wormhole attack is very powerful and preventing the attack has proven to be difficult. We identify two types of wormhole attacks. In first type, malicious nodes do not take part in finding routes, meaning that, other nodes in the network does not know their existence. In second type, malicious nodes do create route advertisements and other nodes are aware of the existence of malicious nodes, but they do not know that these are the malicious nodes. Many researchers have proposed detection mechanisms for the first type. Existing some solutions to detect wormhole attacks require special hardware or strict synchronized clocks or long processing time. Moreover, some solutions cannot even locate the wormhole. This paper detects the wormhole attack using neighborhood information without using extra hardware or clock synchronizations. In it AODV routing protocol is used and all the simulations are done in ns2.35 simulator.

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This paper is proposed to prevent train accidents (due to un-alertness of engine drivers) by designing engines with a new emergency braking system— Modern VCD (Vigilance Control Device), a microcontroller based safety device which will enhance passenger’s safety by cyclically generating warnings and by automatically stopping the train if the driver is incapacitated or dead or fast asleep. This paper also informs the position of the loco crew to the higher authorities and tracks the position of the train where it is stopped by using Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies. If the driver does not perform a regular task such as accelerating or braking for a stipulated period of time a message will be send to the signal inspector through GSM. After the train is stopped automatically, its position is tracked by GPS and a message will be send to the signal inspector.

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Geometric model and CFD simulation of Air Bearing is presented, which allows to study the nature of deformation in the bearing material. In this paper CREO 2.0 software code for geometric modeling of the air bearing. Generated geometric model was imported in the finite element software ANSYS and the CFD simulation was done to simulate the deformation under radial fluid pressure in the bearing material. Air has been used as the fluid film material and three different materials has been used for bearing material (casing). The proposed modeling and CFD simulation has given to analyze stress in the different bearing material and pressure variation in fluid film. The study will help us to analyze more complicated problem and selection of bearing material.

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In the present energy scenario the fossil fuel sources are fast depleting and their combustion products are causing global environmental problems. So it is inevitable to shift towards the use of other alternative energy sources such as renewable energy, green energy and bio fuels which leads to reduction in population. Magnetic energy is an alternative technology which uses magnetic flux density to run the engine and thus eliminates the use of fossil fuels. Since the exhaust temperature is slightly less than the atmosphere temperature it is used to reduce global warming, since there is no emission of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon contents there is any chance of global warming. Due to elimination of pollution, this new technology is easy to adapt. Another benefit is that no external energy such as electrical and electronics energy is required to run the engine. This paper focuses on design and development of single engine which can be run by magnetic force of repulsion. The magnetic engine vehicle will contribute to reducing air pollution and tend zero pollution level promoting great environment.

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Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products by new and advanced material products. Conservation of metals is an important issue in these days. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Leaf springs are universally accepted suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Weight reduction is also given due importance by automobile manufacturers. The automobile industry has shown keen interest in the use of composite leaf spring in the place of conventional leaf spring due to its high strength to weight ratio. The introduction of composite materials has made it possible to reduce the weight of the leaf spring without any reduction in load carrying capacity and stiffness. The objective of this work is to design and analyze composite leaf spring (Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite),fabrication of GFRC by using hand layup technique, experimental work were done by UTM machine and Static analysis is performed using FEA based software Ansys14.5.

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This paper investigates the rrecovering images from corrupted observations is necessary for many real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to perform progressive image recovery based on hybrid graph Laplacian regularized regression. We first construct a multiscale representation of the target image by Laplacian pyramid, then progressively recover the degraded image in the scale space from coarse to fine so that the sharp edges and texture can be eventually recovered. The proposed model is extended to a projected high-dimensional feature space through explicit kernel mapping to describe the interscale correlation, in which the local structure regularity is learned and propagated from coarser to finer scales. In this way, the proposed algorithm gradually recovers more and more image details and edges, which could not been recovered in previous scale. We test our algorithm on one typical image recovery task: impulse noise removal.

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Now a days, Microstrip patch antenna are widely used in in wireless communication for better performance. In this paper C slot Patch array is developed for WLAN applications. The patch antenna is designed at 2.4 GHz and C slot is introduced to improve the bandwidth upto 125MHz. The array of 4 such patches is developed to produce gain of 5.5 dB at -18 dB return loss. The patch antennas are simulated using IE3D software.

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The use of renewable energy sources is increasing and will play an important role in the future of power systems. Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been used by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiant energy accounts for most of the usable renewable energy on earth. Photovoltaic (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by Converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. In this paper the PV module is modeled and analyzed using different methods and model of PV cell and its voltage-current characteristics and power-voltage characteristics are simulated.

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A large area of India is susceptible to damage due to the impact of earthquake. Hence, it is essential to consider the seismic load for the design of multi-storied building. For that, program in STAAD Pro. v8i software with different conditions of lateral load resisting system is used. Some models of brace frame and bare frame are prepared and carried out through seismic analysis. A regular reinforced concrete frame structure having 15 floors i.e. (G+14) is designed using different types of bracing like x-cross brace, chevron brace, inverted chevron brace, braced chevron brace etc. Three types of channel sections i.e. (ISMC 150, ISMC 250, ISMC 350) with different cross sectional area are used to compare the results of different patterns of braced structure with unbraced structure. Zone-II is considered for the analysis of unbraced and braced models. Seismic analysis is performed by using response spectrum method for the design of high-rise building. The analysis has produced the effect of actual distribution of forces and higher modes of vibration in a better way. For the purpose of seismic analysis IS: 1893 (part 1): 2002 is used. And test results including time period, bending moment, joint displacement, story drift, base shear and axial force are presented to get an effective lateral load resisting system.

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Natural aggregate are major constitution of concrete and there are becoming scarce material. Aim of present study is to protect environment. Element with respect to consumption of natural resource and waste material. So, we need to pay attention on replacement of natural aggregate. The byproducts of steel and iron industry are considered as waste and it is categorized as industrial waste in most of the countries. Based on cooling slag were divided such as crystalline, granulated etc. Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ACBFS) can be used as coarse aggregate and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on ground(GBFS) as fine aggregate. In this investigation, M40 grade of concrete each having four type of concrete mix C:S:A, C:GBFS:A, C:S:ACBFS, C:GBFS:ACBFS with varying slag percentage and the compressive strength and flexural strength were determined by adopting conventional testing procedure. From this study it has shown that concrete will develop sufficient strength by replacement of fine aggregate by GBFS was found to be maximum for 60% replacement which was 56.41N/mm2, it was found to be 10.32% higher from M40 grade of concrete. The flexural strength of concrete decreases with increase in percentage of GBFS and ACBFS. But replacement of GBFS satisfies the minimum requirement and up to 60% replacement of ACBFS shows minimum required flexural strength of concrete (4 Mpa as per IRC: 58-2002) for rigid pavement.

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The networks are differentiates in centralized networks and distributed networks these networks are connected in a group and form a wired networks or wire- less networks. These types of network systems are used for social networks like as face book, twitter...etc. In distributed network systems establishes a query based criteria for social networks. The social-based QUERY systems can answer non-factual questions, which cannot be easily resolved by web search engines. These systems either relies on a centralized server for identifying friends based on social information or broadcast a user’s questions to all of its friends. Mobile QUERY systems, where mobile nodes access the QUERY systems through Internet, are very promising considering the rapid increase of mobile users and the convenience of practical use. However, such systems cannot directly use the previous centralized methods or broadcasting methods, which generate high cost of mobile Internet access, node overload, and high server bandwidth cost with the tremendous number of mobile users & propose a distributed Social-based mobile QUERY System (SMQS) with low overhead and system cost as well as quick response to question askers. SMQS enables mobile users to forward questions to potential answerers in their friend lists in a decentralized manner for a number of hops before resorting to the server.

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The present work involves design, modeling and analysis of spherical pressure vessel. In the design of pressure vessel safety is the essential thought, because of the potential effect of conceivable accident. High pressure rise is created in the pressure vessel and pressure vessel needs to withstand extreme forces. The generally applied loads are dead loads, live loads, snow loads, wind loads, seismic loads, thermal stresses, shock, e.g., by crane, fatigue loads, soil and water pressure and others, e.g., load from mechanical device. This work is focusing on designing a spherical pressure vessel as per ASME codes, geometric modeling using CATIA V5 R20 and FEA validation using ANSYS 14.5. Endeavors are made in this work to design the pressure vessel utilizing ASME codes & standards to authorize the design. The obtained FEM results are contrasted with analytical ones and a decent agreement between them is noticed. The seismic resistant design for these bigger storage tanks has turnout to be more critical in terms of safety and the environmental impact on society overall. This work is also focussing on seismic resistance design of a pressure vessel.

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Due to growing energy needs and environmental concern worldwide have forced the interest for quest and consumption of renewable and environmental fuels .There are some other alternatives that can be accessible in engines with the possibility of reducing injurious gas radiations. Here we have considered gasoline as reference which is to be blended with ethanol. Then the Physical properties of the fuel are determined. SI engine runs on several speeds and part load which connected to dynamometer, in this mixture blend is containing 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol and performance characteristics are assessed. In this paper it is shown that the ethanol blends can replace gasoline in SI engine, outcomes show that there is escalation in Brake power, Specific Fuel Consumption and Brake thermal efficiency on blending. The Result shows that using 20% ethanol blend is more effective and we can utilize it for further use in SI engines with little constraint on material used to sustain little increase in pressure.

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This paper describes the simple approach to optimized bolted joints for shear and bending loaded condition. The research on Analyse Bolted joints subjected to preload, shear & bending loads in order to evaluate Failure stresses, deformations, Slipping during preload, Contact pressure & sliding behaviour. The stresses in the bolts of the bolted flange joint of the nozzle of stacked heat exchanger so that bolts/studs should not be failed during proof resistance test. This paper presents a theoretical model and a simulation analysis of bolted joint deformations. The bolt pretension force, friction coefficient and contact stiffness factor are considered as parameters which are influencing the joint deformation. The FEA modeling and experimental validation of composite bolted joint loaded in shear and bending. The optimization was performed by the non-linear programming approach.

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