The conventional multipliers consume more power and area and causes more delay in the system. To overcome these problems, truncated multipliers is applied where it consumes less area, power and delay. But in Truncated multiplier probability of error is more due to truncation of LSP’s, hence compensation circuit need to be added to overcome the probability of error. In this project work Pseudo-carry compensation truncation scheme is implemented where compensation circuit is added to regular truncated multipliers. The proposed PCT multiplier is compared with the conventional multipliers like Braun multipliers, Vedic multipliers, and Booth multiplier and the result is analyzed. The PCT multiplier can be used in the field of Image processing, Digital signal processing Digital communication etc.

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The gradual reduction of the petroleum reserves and increase of pollutant emissions have demanded the development of alternative and renewable energy sources which can help to reduce the current oil dependency in the field of Internal combustion engine(ICE). Utilization of natural gas in I.C. engine is an option to overcome some problems and various renewable energy sources are also available to overcome this energy crisis and biogas is an option for that and it is obtained from renewable sources. Biogas can be used in internal combustion (IC) engines, because of its better mixing ability with air and clean burning nature. It can be a supplemented to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG), if it is used in compressed form in cylinders. Lower hydrocarbon (HC), smoke and particulates emission has been reported in diesel engines operating on biogas diesel dual fuel mode. The paper reviews on significance of compression ratio, effect of concentration of methane in biogas engine, significance of ignition voltage and piston crown geometry on performance of biogas engine and its validation by CFD analysis.

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Mobile ad hoc network is self-designing, autonomous, without any centralize node and lacking of the fixed infrastructure network. Mobile nodes are depending on other nodes for transmitting data. Mobile ad hoc network has expected that all nodes are cooperating with each other. Anyhow, some nodes are not cooperating and saving their resources for own use, these nodes are termed as a selfish node. Behaviour of selfishness performance of network reduces. In this paper, define behaviour of selfish node, different techniques are used to identify selfish node attack and prevention of a selfish node attack in MANET. With the help of watchdog technique selfish node attack can detect and using proposed approach prevention of a selfish node attack is possible and network performance improves.

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A new and improved approach for the design of a compact multi-element patch antenna which works in pent band is proposed. Antenna comprises of a main patch with sub patches containing resonating slots. Main patch is fed with a 50Ω microstrip line and proposed antenna operates with multiple operational frequencies covering the bands from 2 GHz to 6 GHz with good impedance matching. Proposed design is verified using simulation software ANSOFT HFSS and tested using the laboratory experimental approach that looks like the simulated output with omnidirectional radiation characteristics. The antenna consists of a main radiator patch, defected ground plane and four slotted sub patches to generate five frequency bands, at 2.55, 3.60, 4.00, 4.85 and 5.60. These frequency bands are respectively 150, 100, 110, 140 and 80 MHz wide. For verification of simulation results, both designs are fabricated and the prototypes are measured. MSA is fabricated with substrate FR4 and overall dimension of 50×50×1.57mm3.

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Person’s identification is important in daily life. So, biometric systems are used for identification. There are different types of biometric system like face, fingerprint, speech, signature, palm-print, iris etc which have different feature points. These feature points are used for person’s identification. This paper presents different feature extraction techniques to extract these feature points and feature reduction techniques to remove the irrelevant feature points with objective of provides better recognition performances.

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Identification of various erythemato-squamous diseases is a tangible problem in dermatology. Since, they all share the clinical features of erythema and scaling, only with very slight variances. The diseases in this group include seboreic dermatitis, cronic dermatitis, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, pityriasis rosea and psoriasis. Generally a biopsy is required for the analysis but unfortunately these diseases share similar histopathological features as well. Another problem in the differential diagnosis is that a disease show the same feature of another disease at the initial stage and can only be characterized at the subsequent stages. Patients are clinically evaluated with 12 features at the beginning stage and then the skin samples are considered for the evaluation of 22 histopathological features. The data of the histopathological features are determined by an analysis of the samples under a microscope. This paper presents a predictive model of dermatological diseases by thoroughly analyzing both the clinical and histopathological features.

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Force transducers are very vital in various engineering applications and have applications in various applications like thrust measurement, weighing scales, cutting force measurement, and material testing machines. Calibration of force transducers is a concern and there is need of discussion of well documented procedure for calibration of force transducers, which will enable the readers to have better understanding of the calibration procedure of force transducers. The paper presents the calibration procedure according to the standard ISO 376-2011, with details of different factors contributing to the uncertainty of measurement of force transducers. Calculations of relative uncertainty due to different factors have been discussed with suitable example. The paper further discusses the comparison of the different relative uncertainty factors in case of analogue and digital force transducers.

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in this paper, Design of a multiband meander line antenna using defected ground plane is designed for four-band communication system. The proposed antenna has impedance bandwidth of 29.17%(1.4 -2.1 GHz), 18.75%(3.6-4.03 GHz), 12.5%(4.3-4.65 GHz) and 16.6%(5.2-5.8 GHz) at center frequency 1.8 GHz, 3.75 GHz, 4.4 GHz, 5.6 GHz, with gain of 2.83dB, 8.386dB, 3.871dB, and 3.08dB. High gain of 8.386dB is achieved at center frequency 3.75GHz which is applicable for S band radar application and satellite application. The proposed antenna is designed on a single layer substrate FR4_epoxy with defected ground plane. Antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS v 11 software.

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Ball mill is used to crush partials into powder form. Calcined bauxite can be manufactured with the help of ball mill by grinding the raw bauxite and converting it to required fined grade. Calcined bauxite is used to make refractory bricks, abrasives and for steel polishing. Here I have discussed some issues with the ball mill grinding process like moisture content, its drawbacks on efficiency and how to remove this moisture content from the process and how to increase the efficiency of ball mill.

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Disasters, through history disasters have destroyed lives and livelihoods, killing people and damaging homes and businesses. Disasters in the past 35 years have taken an estimated 2.5 million lives and cost more than US$1.5 billion, mainly in developing countries. Efforts to reduce disaster risk have therefore focused, in part, on developing early warning systems to provide timely and effective information that enables people and communities to respond when a disaster hits. Most of the countries allocate the budget and developing the technology for warning system. Poor countries collaborate with some other countries and developing the early warning systems. In India, after tsunami gives the attention for the natural hazards and their prevention. Indian tsunami early warning system monitoring the tsunami and other seismic activities.

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A DTN is a network of smaller networks. It is an overlay on top of special-purpose networks, including the Internet. DTNs support interoperability of other networks by accommodating long disruptions and delays between and within those networks, and by translating between the communication protocols of those networks. In providing these functions, DTNs accommodate the mobility and limited power of evolving wireless communication devices. DTNs were originally developed for interplanetary use, where the speed of light can seem slow and delay-tolerance is the highest need. However, Delay tolerant networks may have extreme most diverse applications in the Earth, where disruption-tolerance is the highest need. Delay tolerant networks Routing has thus stimulated since it must handle partitioning of the network, long delays, and also dynamic topology in such networks. In current years, social-based methods, which attempt to the exploit social performances of the Delay tolerant network nodes to make a suitable routing decision, have drawn tremendous interests in the Delay tolerant networks routing design. In this paper define about routing protocol classification, existing network information etc.

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This paper deals with the Ziegler Nicholas method which is one of the routine to reduce the non-linearities in the response of a DC-DC converter. A controller is used along with the converter to reduce the deviation of the observed output from the desired set value. The two main parameters that have been used here to assess the performance of the converter as well as the controller is the settling and rise time of the output. These values need to be minimized to achieve a higher efficiency, improved phase margin and loop bandwidth. In this paper, a PID type of controller is described using the Ziegler Nicholas (ZN) method for tuning which improves the dynamic response of the DC-DC Buck type of converter under load and input variations. It is found through the simulation results that the proposed method is having a rise time of 1.3ms, settling time of 2.5ms and overshoot of 0.0096%. The variations in the response on account of the input and load variations are also minimal in the discussed method which could be neglected.

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A WSN (wireless sensor network) is included of a huge amount of sensors that collaboratively monitor numerous atmospheres. The sensors all together provide global views of the environments that offer more information than those local views provided by independently operating sensors. There are numerous potential applications of WSNs in various areas such as residence, industry, military and many others. As wireless sensor networks keep on to attract more attention, fresh concepts for applications are keep on being established, numerous of which include consistent attention of a known surveillance area. These networks are achievement significance in numerous applications like detecting pressure, temperature etc. but these structures are constrained through limited memory, energy recourses and computational. WSNs (Wireless sensor networks) involve numerous small wireless sensor nodes which are accomplished of the sensing data and sending it to the base stations. Wireless sensor networks face resource constraints containing limits on the memory capacity, communication, power and computational power. Also, since they are frequently organized in the hostile atmospheres and left unattended, they are vulnerable to numerous attacks such as sinkhole attacks. Sinkhole attacks happen when a compromised node attracts network traffic by the advertising fake routing updates. This paper first defines the tasks in the detecting sinkhole attacks in Wireless sensor networks. This is followed by studying approaches to the detect and neutralize sinkholes. This paper study on sink hole attack for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). And also attentions the numerous attacks related with wireless sensor network.

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Predicting the aerodynamic forces on the airfoil in the stalled region accurately using Computational Fluid Dynamics method is a critical task due to the strong vortex dynamics involved. Research publications (Ref.01 David Hartwanger et.al and Ref.2 Frank Bertagnolio et.al) explain the need of advanced turbulence models for accurately predicting the flows in the stalled region. Other research publications have elaborated the disadvantages of 2 D CFD simulations with reference to accuracy of the analysis results in the stalled region compared with the experimental data. (Ref. 3 H.Gao et.al and Ref. 04 S.Sarada, M.Shiva Shankar and Rudresh).These literatures reiterated the need of 3D CFD simulations to accurately capture the lift and drag coefficients in the stalled region. The objective of this work is to conduct 3D Incompressible, steady state ,Viscous Navier-Stokes simulations for NACA 64618 subsonic airfoil using ANSYS FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics Software. Analysis will be conducted for three different important turbulence models namely K-epsilon turbulence model with standard wall functions, Spalart allmaras turbulence model and K-omega shear stress turbulence model .Each of the turbulence model mentioned will employ different technique in modelling the boundary layer. This study will analyze all the merits and demerits of these three turbulence model with respect to accuracy of the CFD analysis solution, stability of the solution focusing mainly in the stalled region. CFD simulations will be carried out at free stream Reynolds number of 3 million and CFD analysis results will be compared with wind tunnel test data.

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Attribute based encryption (ABE) theme, attributes are centered for vital role. Attribute based encryption has been pictured as a promising cryptologic primitive for realizing secure and versatile access management. Attributes area unit to be segregate to get a public key for encrypting knowledge associate degreed are used as an access policy to regulate user access. With the recent adoption and diffusion of the info sharing paradigm in distributed systems like on-line social networks or cloud computing, there are increasing demands and issues for distributed knowledge security. The performance and security analyses indicate that the projected theme is economical to firmly manage information the data distributed within the data sharing system. One of the foremost difficult problems in information sharing systems is that the social control of access policies and also the support of policies updates. Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is turning into a promising cryptanalytic resolution to the present issue. It permits knowledge homeowners to outline their own access policies over user attributes and enforce the policies on the info to be distributed. The performance and security analyses indicate that the projected theme is economical to firmly manage the data distributed within the data sharing system.

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Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is a widely researched area in the recent years. Many researchers have proposed various techniques for efficient route the data from source to destination and compared their approach with the already existing approaches. In this paper, a novel technique for hybrid routing is proposed which includes the properties of both proactive and reactive approaches and each node in the network stores the most frequent routes in its cache memory, so that it can be accessed within no time. The proposed approach is tested on both with attack and without attack scenarios and results of the same can be compared. In future the approach must be implemented for large network density and can be compared with other hybrid routing protocols.

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This research work focuses on review of techniques related to speech recognition system and come up with a design for such systems. The focus would be on understanding and evaluating various concepts and then analyzing performance of speech to text conversion specifically for isolated words. The aim of this work is to analyze the performance of SRS using Artificial Neural Network and Linear Predictive coding of speech. The experiment was carried in various external environment to capture variety of speech samples for specific words and then assess the system performance and accuracy. This work is carried out in MATLAB using speech processing toolbox.

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The history of earthquakes in which numerous reinforced concrete structures were seriously damaged, has indicated the need for gauging the seismic adequacy of buildings. In particular, the seismic rehabilitation of older concrete structures in high seismicity areas is a matter of growing concern, since the structures which are vulnerable to damage must be identified and an acceptable level of safety must be established. To make such an assessment, simplified linear-elastic methods are not adequate. Thus, the structural engineering community has developed a new generation of design and seismic procedures that incorporate performance based design of structures. This is different from simplified linear elastic methods and involves non-linear techniques.” The advancement of performance based design and rehabilitation of structures in high seismic zones reveal that the static non-linear analysis also known as “pushover analysis is the most appropriate method of analysis used to gauge the severity of the damages caused to the buildings. There are two special codes called “ATC-40” and “FEMA-273” which inhibit all the modelling and design procedures and judging criteria of the performances of buildings. Incremental lateral loading is applied to the frame and pushover analysis is carried out using a suitable analysis and design software package such as ETABS. A graph is plotted involving the pushover curves which indicate the capacity of the frame and the seismic demand curves depending on the magnitude of shaking. This graph suggests the seismic performance of a system and its adequacy against the design earthquake.” Later an attempt has been made to understand the seismic behaviour of structures having irregularities in the distribution of structural stiffness in both plan and elevation using pushover analysis. Formation of the plastic hinges and their transformation from elastic level to various seismic performance levels such as immediate occupancy (IO) level, life safety (LS) level, collapse prevention (CP) level and finally collapse (C) level under incremental lateral loading is investigated. For the purpose of carrying out pushover analysis, ETABS v.13, finite element software has been used. ETABS performs the initial design depending on the earthquake zone and formulates the results.

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Gesture recognition is a area in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. Gestures can emerge from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand. Recent focuses in the field include emotion recognition from the face and hand gesture recognition. Thus building a link between machines and humans than primitive text user interfaces or even GUI's (graphical user interfaces), which still restrict the majority of input to keyboard and mouse. This project aims at the completion of a human-machine interface that tries to make interaction more effective and natural using multi-touch with gesture recognition and object recognition. The focus is on camera based multi-touch methods, as these provide a new dimension to multi-touch with its ability to recognize objects. The main purpose of table is to accompanying gesture recognition system, and to create an open and modest multi touch solution, with the purpose of taking multi-touch out to the crowd. By doing this, more people will be able to use the benefits of a more natural interaction with computers.

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Due to various industrial activities, paper mill activities, Sugar mill effluents, and Municipal waste water and urbanization of cities and markets, the tropical river Ami has been polluted so much. It used to clean in ancient time but now it has polluted. So, this polluted River Ami also affects the groundwater in nearby area. For watching this problem groundwater qualities were analysis from nine sampling stations namely, Shania, Rudhauli, Khalilabad, Magher, Adilapar, Jarlahi, Kauriram, Sohgaura and Malav. These studies were taken from January to June month. And the analysis results were viewed. From station two samples were collected, the first one sample from Indian mark-II hand-pump and second one from India mark-II hand- pumps. The various physical, chemical and biological parameters were analyzed. Then the result was compared to IS: 10500-2012. And it was also seen that the effect groundwater quality in adjoining area of Ami River on groundwater quality in adjoining area of Rapti River.

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Router is an important component of the network. Routers are placed where two or more network connects. Routers receive and send data using ports. This paper proposes a traffic management service at routers. The routers are deployed with datarate control mechanism to handle the network traffic. In other traffic control protocols, in order to compute the data sending speed, it is required to estimate necessary network parameters and compute amount of memory consumed. In our approach, router reads the datarate from the network interface thus by avoiding the computational overhead and resource consumption problems. Router receives file from sender node, it convert received file into packets based on the fixed length. Router sends processed packets to receiver node and checks whether it has reached maximum bandwidth. Router stops sending packets once maximum bandwidth is reached and waits until previous sent packets are delivered to receiver node. Router repeats this process for remaining packets available in the queue. Receiver re-assembles the received packets into a single file.

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Among all the water bodies, the most important source of drinking water and other domestic use is Ground water in India. The water supply bodies’ i.e. municipal corporation Jal Nigam or Nagar Nigam are mainly depends on the ground water resources. Hence it is very much important to assess the groundwater quality not only for its present use but also a potential source of water for future consumption. A total number of 28 samples were tested for the various physico-chemical parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, acidity, alkalinity, chloride, hardness and fecal coliform. In the term of pH, maximum pH was found 8.5 and minimum 7.0. In the term of TDS, maximum TDS 659 and minimum 171 was observed. In term of hardness maximum hardness 578 mg/l and minimum 80mg/l was observed. Acidity, Alkalinity and chloride was found maximum 96mg/l, 395mg/l, 108mg/l respectively and minimum 25mg/l, 100mg/l, 20mg/l respectively. In case of faecal coliform the maximum was observed 920 MPN/100ml and minimum 13 MPN/100ml.

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Now a day, it’s popular to buy a product online and online product shopping is a new trade in E-Commerce domain. Recommender systems (RS) is an essential part of the data and the e-commerce system. RS are actually created for helping purchaser, users or customer in that particular domain. Shopping websites use purchase history based, user review base recommendation technology. Every user try to buy products based on its feature configuration so our system is such very important and helpful recommendation technology which is completely depends on features of product. The customers can choose their preferred products and buy many products online from the Online shopping website or portal. Online shopping websites combine Business-to-Consumers, Business-to-business as well as Consumers-to-Consumers services with each other. Because of the customized, high feature and cost capability products the universality of the software is increases. Proposed system mainly work in two part 1) Initially our system recommend similar product using similarity algorithm and 2) Use FP growth algorithm for recommending other related products. Both work very well for our selected domain. For input feature profile we use dataset of product feature matrix and initial transaction matrix.

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Multistorey commercial buildings are primarily responsible for demand of business activities and city centre as possible, therefore, putting intense pressure on the available land space. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the different types of multistorey building frame such as RC building frame, Flat plate building frame, Flat slab building frame and prestressed slab building frame. The above building models are analyzed by response spectrum method using SAP 2000 software by considering zone IV and medium type soil. The parametric study was carried out by considering time period, base shear, top displacement and storey acceleration. From the analysis, it is found that the time period and top displacement are more in flat plate building, compared to other models. The base shear is reduced in flat plate building compared to other models. The storey acceleration is maximum in normal RC frame building and minimum in flat plate building compared to other model.

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Any structure needs to be withstanding for two issues, strength and stability. Structure requires a support system that has sufficient strength to bear loads and stability to transmit it safely to the ground. The paper shows the analysis carried out to study the behaviour of multi-storied building subjected to lateral loads like earthquake and wind loads by considering the change in terrain conditions. The previous investigations concluded that, the in-filled wall and the shear wall are able to resist maximum part of lateral load on multi-storied building. The scope of present work is to study behaviour of multi storied building of different frame structural system for twelve types of models. The equivalent static analysis has been carried out by using E-TABS software. The models where examined for parameters like lateral displacement, story shear, time period, overturning moment, stiffness, and modal oscillation. The behaviour of building components will examined in this experimental work by analysing it. In this experimental case we are going to assume the different levels of footing maintaining the depth of footing and height of building same at each level. Based on the results analysis, the best building frame is suggested for such terrain conditions.

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