In the competitive business the automobile companies have to update for the aesthetic look of vehicle with its efficiency, service and cost of vehicle. When car come across any accident from the front portion most of the time Hood system gets damaged. So there is a need for analysis of Hood system. For every new car project, updated vehicle’s style is coming from styling department. The engineering feasibility data is prepared as per updated styling with the provided surrounding space. In this paper, new hood design is prepared for better stiffness than the existing hood design. The torsion stiffness and cross member bending durability load cases are considered for stiffness calculation in this work. The primary data of hood assembly has created as per design consideration and development has done as per Computer Aided Engineering results. This paper deals with development for better stiffness of new hood assembly design compare to the existing design.

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The main advantage of Ansys is that it helps to reduce the cost of production and the time it will take to complete it. At the same time they help to ensure that the products come out with higher quality and better durability. Designs with Ansys will also help design and engineering teams manage performance implications and risks of their design. Also, designers can make use of computer based simulations to refine and evaluate their designs instead of relying on money and time consuming physical prototype testing. With the use of Ansys products data and processes can be stored in a server to be accessible by designers and engineers in different areas so they can all work together in creating a masterpiece without necessarily coming into physical contacts with one another. Design changes are one of the major factors that make product design and manufacturing cash intensive. Ansys allow engineers and designers to make changes to their design especially at the early stages. When properly integrated into the design and development process, Ansys help manufacturers detect faults with the product on time, so problems can get solutions without delay.

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OMIPM Testing is testing whether Royalty that is being paid to licensors is being calculated correctly or not. This paper mainly focuses on complete flow of OMIPM, Components of OMIPM. Challenges in testing OMIPM. Solutions implemented to avoid challenges which are faced while testing OMIPM.

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In this paper present a box type solar cooker design philosophy, construction, measured performance, and experimental analysis of plane reflector augmented box type solar energy cooker. The experimental solar cooker consisting of two plane reflector suitable positioned in a north-south configuration on an inclined framework, is mounted of box type solar cooker to reflected solar radiation on the base absorber of the cooker. The top cover (Glazing) is tilted at 23.16° corresponding to the latitude of Jabalpur (the location of the test site). The performance testing and comparison were done experimentally during summer season in the month of May at Jabalpur. Provision is made for four cooking vessels (two different size), each capable of holding 1 kg of water. The experimental result obtained show stagnation absorber plate temperatures of 144°C and 124°C for the with and without plane reflector in place respectively. It show that stagnation temperature 20-30 °C higher than that of the without reflector. Boiling time of water 48 minute and 52 minute for 1 kg of water equally distributed of each vessels, 76 minute and 95minute for 1 kg load with one pot loaded, for the cooker with and without the plane reflector place, respectively were recorded. The solar cooker performance has been rated using the first figure of merit (F1) is 0.1126 & 0.09 with and without plane reflector respectively on the no load test and the second figure of merit (F2) is 0.2380& 0.2764 on sensible heat test with and without plane reflector place respectively. Also calculating the optical efficiency of glass is 59.58%. The boiling time of water and second figure of merit compared to using different quantity of water with and without plane reflector. Thus box type solar cooker with plane reflector place to increased heat collection and faster cooking compared to the without reflector.

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India is one of the fast developing industrialized countries. Engineering Industry is an important sector of Indian economy. It also provides job opportunities to lakhs of workers. Over the years industrial Accidents in the Engineering Industry have affected many workers and their family members, who have suffered due to injuries or loss of life of their dear ones. In In trichy were BHEL – Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is located nearby lot of fabrication industries are placed and in operation. This paper deals with visit to small scale fabrication industries, determining the hazards, surveying past records of accident, evaluation of safety parameters at the industries, conducting survey of workmen and providing appropriate recommendations towards safety measures to minimize health hazards and safety accidents in fabrication industry.

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The characteristics of the fractured surface in a concrete varies from one to the other surface. In order to characterize such surfaces, in this paper the fractal dimension of fracture surface in concrete is determined by box counting method. For evaluating and assessment of fractal dimension various literature available, that are most common studied in this paper. The slit island method and box counting method is discussed in literature survey. From laboratory testing of concrete beam the flexural strength were found and correlates with fractal dimension, which is calculated by software is discussed.

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This paper presents the different segmentation and detection techniques for liver tumor. Liver Cancer is one of the most difficult cancer to heal and the number of deaths that it causes generally increasing. The signs and the symptoms of the liver cancer are not known, till the cancer is in its last stage. So, early detection is the main problem. Computed Tomography (CT) is highly accurate for liver cancer diagnosis. Manual identification of hepatic liver tumor done by trained physicians is a time-consuming task and can be subjective depending on the skill, expertise and experience of the physician. The sophisticated hybrid systems are proposed in this paper which is capable to segment liver tumor from a liver CT image and detect liver tumor automatically.

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This paper presents an algorithm for allocation of DG to minimizing the active power loss based on voltage stability Index. The active power loss is mitigated with proper sizing and allocation of DG. The location of DG is found with the help of voltage stability index (VSI) and DG capacity is varied in small steps to corresponding power loss minimization. A direct distribution load flow method using BIBC and BCBV matrices for installing DG units is used. By proper sizing and allocation of Distributed Generation in IEEE 33-bus Radial Distribution system, the transmission losses are minimized and voltage stability problems are mitigated. This algorithm shows considerable loss reduction and voltage stability improvement.

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the rapid prototyping processes that use the plastics materials such as ABS (Acrylonitrile – butadiene – styrene) in the semi molten state to produce the goods directly from CAD model. FDM is an additive manufacturing method and the prototypes is completed by layer by layer addition of semi-molten synthetic material onto the platform from bottom to top. The design investigates the effect of the process parameter layer thickness, raster width, raster angle and air gap that influences the surface roughness of the piece produced by the process of Fused Deposition Modeling. Hence, the Optimization of these process parameters of FDM is gifted to make the system more specific and repeatable and such progression can direct to use of FDM in rapid manufacturing application to a certain extent than only producing prototypes. The novel ABS- M30 biomedical matter was used in this investigates work to build parts. The experimentation has been completed with the help of Taguchi. Taguchi grey relational analysis is used to optimize the process parameters on multiple performance distinctiveness such as length, diameter, width and surface finish. The experimental result investigation showed that the combination of Layer thickness(A), Orientation(B), Raster angle(C), Raster width(D) and Air gap(E) is essential to achieve minimization of surface roughness and maximum of dimensional accuracy.

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Groundwater samples were collected from different localities in and around Edamalaipatti pudhur area, near Korai River, Tiruchirappalli District Tamil Nadu. Samples were collected from ten different locations during pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon during the year 2014. They are analyzed for heavy metals such as Zine, lead, Nickel, copper, and Iron using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical data was compared with the guidelines given by WHO. The Calculated values HPI 163.8. The results reveal that the concentration of lead and nickel are higher than the permissible limit prescribed by the WHO. The result shows that the water quality of the study area is very poor and not suitable for drinking purpose. The heavy metal contamination may due to the discharge of waste, industrial and municipal wastewater, disposal of solid waste by land filling, and other anthropogenic influences in this region.

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Tongue driven system is a new wireless assistive technology which is used for handicapped or it is specially designed for paralyzed person. Tongue driven system consists of Hall Effect sensor. Tongue driven system provides people with minimal or no movement ability in their upper limbs with an efficious tool for environment controle.tongue driven system consists of an array of hall effect magnetic sensors and permanent magnet which is held on tongue using tissues adhesive and tongue piercing. as as a result of tongue movement magnetic field generated by magnet that will vary around the mouth. These variations are sensed by an array of magnetic sensor which is mounted on the headset outside the mouth. the sensors output are wirelessly transmitted to the microcontroller and microprocessor will process the signal to control the movement of power wheel chair. This technology provides faster advanced smoother and more convenient control.

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Nowadays the common methods used for user authentication are user id and password. In single server authentication system, information that is required to authenticate the user is stored in a single server. All the information is obtained when the server is compromised. In order to overcome this problem, a user password authentication using two server architecture is proposed where a secure password is divided and stored in two servers. If one server is compromised an attacker obtains only half of the authentication information. The user password is concatenated with the random string called salt and hash of salted password is then divided and stored in two servers. The two server’s assistance is required to authenticate user and they run in parallel. In addition to providing the authentication, the proposed system also provides confidentiality by storing only half of the encrypted user files in each server.

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The agile software development method performs based approach authorized with values, principles and performs which make the software development process more easily and in faster time. Agile methods which realize individual methods like Extreme programming, Feature ambitious Development, Scrum, etc. Scrum is one of the most prevalent agile software development frameworks. The admiration is caused by the abridged process framework and its emphasis on teamwork. The impartial of Scrum is to deliver working software and establish it to the customer faster and more frequent throughout the software development project. This paper can be used predominantly by the security managers, users, developers and auditors. End of this proposed system methods are used to embed the penetration testing in agile software development project.

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The vortex tube is a refrigerating equipment that produces both cold as well as hot air at both opposite ends. The vortex tube's construction is such that it is made up of a hollow tube of either metallic or fibre components having a nozzle for letting in of compressed air and a diaphragm or an orifice for controlling the flow rate of air. When compressed air passes through a nozzle into the diaphragm of the vortex tube, the air forms a spiral shaped vortex, that causes the heating up of air, and when this air returns back, it cools down rapidly, producing a cooling effect. The main study in the Vortex tube is the study of the temperature distribution of the rotating air. This effect was first discovered by Ranque and later by Hilsch and hence this effect is called Ranque-Hilsch effect. The second law of thermodynamics forbids a 100%-efficient solar cell. More specifically, Carnot’s applies to photovoltaics and any other solar energy system, where the hot side of the “heat engine” is the temperature of the sun and the cold side is the ambient temperature on earth. The result is, for a system with sunlight concentration, the maximum efficiency is ~85%, and for a system that does not track the sun, the maximum efficiency is ~55%. Increases in temperature reduce the band gap of a semiconductor, thereby effecting most of the semiconductor material parameters. Hence, the cooling of the module is very important. For a solar module, the open circuit voltage decreases with increase in voltage. The open-circuit voltage decreases with temperature because of the temperature dependence of Io. With the help of the vortex tube cooling technology, we can reduce solar module heating economically and thereby reducing the heating effect on the Voltage difference, which will effectively increase the output from solar panels. The heating and after effects of cooling will be modelled through CFD for better understanding of the heat flow pattern over the panel.

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This paper analyses amplification characteristics over 870 nm band in a nonlinear fiber and obtained the variation of signal gain with the pump power with and without amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for single pump and signal wavelengths in MATLAB environment. Stimulated Raman amplification can occur in any fiber because the the pump photon is excited to a virtual level, Raman gain can occur at any signal wavelength by proper choice of the pump wavelength and the Raman gain process is very fast.

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In today’s life, most people of any age forget to flush the urinal system after using it. It creates bad odor and unpleasant environment especially in public restrooms, schools and colleges which affects the health of the people using it. This causes various problems to the environment. Water is an important resource, which we owe the responsibility to pass to the future generations. The wastage of excess water as well as the unpleasant conditions in the surrounding is the threat to the environment and it is also very unhygienic. To overcome these environment and unhygienic problems, it is proposed to design an automatic flushing system for both urinal and commode by using the hydraulic method and Pascal’s low, which flushes the urinal and commode system automatically after every usage. Only limited amount of water at high pressure is used to flush after every usage so that wastage of water would be stopped. The body weight of user is used to actuate the system eliminating need of user to press button after use. Commode lid will close automatically and gets locked till flushing is complete. It is very economic and provides a good and clean hygienic environment for the public and the students of schools and colleges. It does not require any electrical power for operation and can be utilized in large scale in rural areas with minimum capital cost and maintenance.

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During last few decade with increasing population and dependency on technology, health issues are increasing rapidly and to cater the problems hospitals are growing like mushrooms. Consequently there has been a proportionate increase in the quantum of waste generated by these health care centers. Bio medical waste generated by hospitals and other healthcare settings is being managed poorly and open risk to public. It causes air pollution and many diseases to humans also., The average waste ranges between 1.5 and 2.5 Kg. per day per bed. It constitutes plastics, paper, glass, linen, metal, human flesh and organic tissues. The percentage of wastes may vary from hospital to hospital, depending upon its practices. Due to lack of infra-structure this infectious, noninfectious and hazardous waste is get mixed with municipal waste and easily comes in contact with waste workers and rag-pickers. There are many examples and ample evidences that indiscriminate management of Bio-Medical Waste could cause serious hazards to health and environment. We must understand the gravity of the issue and difference between hospital waste and general waste and must educate the healthcare people as well as common men to avoid the disaster.

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The huge number of Internet users and services are increases. All important services which are based on Internet needs to be maintained properly so that the users can avail them whenever they need. If the services are not available in time it will create a crisis. As the numbers of hosts in Internet are increasing, the threats to it are also increasing. Denial of Service (DoS) is the most deadly threats rising in Internet. Web services require security and stability and from these two concerns there are some methods that can disorientate DoS attack from ash crowd and trace the sources of the attack in large amount of traffic in network. But it is difficult to detect the exact sources of DoS attacks in traffic of network when crowd event is also present. After analyzing the characteristics of DoS attacks and the existing Algorithms to detect DoS attacks, In this Paper proposes a detecting and tracing algorithm for DoS attacks based on Multivariate correlation Analysis and triangle map generation. The proposed approach focuses majorly on the efficiency and scalability features with minimum overhead in terms of resources and time, removal of traffic pattern dependency, increase in detection rate between DoS and ash crowd and also trace the sources of DoS attack.

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Forced convection heat transfer plays a vital role in many of the automobile applications. One such application is in a radiator of an automobile engine. The radiator is fixed in front of the automobile to cool the engine cylinder. The fluids used are water in early days but now they are being replaced by ethylene glycol combined with water. Now attempts are being made to use nano fluids with water in place of ethylene glycol-water as a coolant. In this paper, an automotive radiator with coolant circulating in vertical tubes are taken and the air is taken as a medium through wavy arch perpendicular to the coolant flow. This takes away the heat absorbed by this coolant from engine cylinders. The heat absorption is considered by varying velocities of automobile from 30 to 70 km/hr., keeping coolant mass flow rate constant. Input parameters such as mass flow rates of air from 4.3 kg/s to 8 kg/s, inlet temperatures of air as 〖30〗^οC, inlet fluid temperature as 〖90〗^οC maintaining fluid flow rate of 1.3 kg/s are taken and output parameters such as friction factor of air, heat transfer coefficient of air and fluid, overall heat transfer coefficient are determined. Furthermore, the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient using nano fluid is determined for different volume fractions varying from 0.5% to 2.5% with base fluid (ethylene glycol-water).

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the pace and accessibility of computation in present days are internet dependent, for calculation arranged all the computing device in a grouped that is known as network. For building of network all computing machines like main frame computer, desktop computer, minicomputer are connected to high speed network, and that networked systems are then referred as parallel system or distributed systems. In centralized systems a single computer acts like a controller that has all the responsibilities namely: jobs creation, job migration, monitoring of overloaded system, monitoring of under loaded systems, migration of jobs etc. However, it is clear that the idea of distributing tasks over several hosts has made the problem of efficient task-resource assignment more difficult. This paper implements load migration from overloaded node to under loaded node with the help of artificial intelligence, further under loaded computing node is also searched[2,9]. There emerges efficiency problem from the fact that it is probable to find idle hosts while there are jobs queuing for execution in other hosts. Consequently it would be better to move from heavily loaded hosts to idle hosts. This and other related efficiency problems are solved via load balancing.

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The antenna radiation characteristic is the important parameter to select the shape of antenna and triangular patch antenna gives the better antenna characteristic as compared to other shape antenna with less geometrical structure. Objective of our work is to enhance the characteristics of triangular patch antenna .In this paper we discussed about some previous applied techniques to improve the parameter described by different researchers.

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The presented work through this paper is outcome of need for correct brain tumor identification, which is done here through a handy approach of segmenting tumor portion from different MRI slices taken of different patients. Tumor, which is of swelling appearance, is abruptly growth of cells in brain, causes a painful death. It’s correct diagnosis and within less time is necessary, which has been tried to achieve through this paper. Paper shows serially connected steps of image process, consisting pre-processing using thresholding through morphological opening, watershed segmentation, entropy filtration, and again morphological opening for tumor extraction, performed via MatLab software. Idea behind is using high intensity value of image which is normally tumor indication. This algorithm is very efficient for best case of tumors and equally helpful for other cases, as area, centroid, pixel info and condition can be determined through present work.

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The paper discusses the analysis of a railway embankment of different height varying from 4m to 20m for different types of natural soils. Five embankments of different height (4m,8m,12m,16m and 20m) are modeled as per RDSO guidelines and analysis is performed for four diifrent types of soils in natural ground while the property of soil used for the formation of embankment is same in all the cases The effect increase of height of embankment on the stability of slopes is studied. Also the effect of soil type on the stability of slopes is studied.in all the cases water table is assumed to be 10 m below the ground surface. it is found that increase in the height of embankment result in a decrease of factor of stability. Also the factor of safety is very low for soft clay. for cases where f.o.s is less than 1.4 provision of retaining are analysed after provision of retaining wall and also with an increment of their slopes.

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Network traffic classification is a difficult yet important task in analyzing and avoiding the overheads occurred in the network traffic to optimize the internet flow. But there are very rare cases of research that have been carried out in the field of optimizing the internet traffic and also classification of internet traffic. Many existing approaches try to minimize the over head occurred and they are yet not optimal. In this project we propose an optimized classification approach of internet traffic. It analyzed the behavior of nodes and take decision by allowing or disallowing the connection of the incoming node. We focused on this by optimal classification approach i.e., Naïve Bayes Classification/Prediction for internet traffic to analyze the behavior of nodes and also for computing the posterior probabilities with respect to each node. Though there are many other approaches at present, this proposed approach is found to be suitable and efficient in classifying the network behavior.

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Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) is an effective way to polish unsymmetrical surfaces and interior structure of parts, which are difficult to reach by conventional machining. The material to be machined may be cylindrical or any complex shape. Various process parameters are Material Removal Rate, Machining Time, and Abrasive Mesh size that affects the performance of AFM. The key components of AFM process are the machine, tooling and abrasive medium. AFM is capable to produce surface finish (Ra) as good as 0.05 μm, deburr holes as small as 0.2 mm and radius edges from 0.025 mm to 1.5mm. AFM has wide range of applications in industries such as aerospace, medical, electronics, automotive, precision dies and moulds as a part of their manufacturing activities. For better surface integrity, texture and its performance, continuous developments are taking place for modifying the existing AFM process technology and AFM machine configuration.

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