Speech recognition applications are becoming more useful nowadays. With growth in the needs for embedded computing and the demand for emerging embedded platforms, it is required that speech recognition systems are available but speech recognition software being closed source cannot be used easily for implementation of speech recognition based devices. Aim To implement English words speech recognition system using Matlab (GUI). This work is based on Hidden Markov Model, which provides a highly reliable way for recognizing speech. Training data such as words like go up, go right, open, close etc. records in audacity open source; the system will test it with data record and display it in edit text box.

Read More...

In today world the need for an optimized technique which can easily join two dissimilar materials in increasing day rapidly. Dissimilar joints are important because of both economic and technical aspects, because a satisfactory service can be provided in cost reduction and performance by these joints. The demand for such joints in industry is huge. So, the study of dissimilar material welding is of a great interest for many of the researchers. The most challenging problem in various scenarios is real-time laser welding process of dissimilar materials. Various robust methods are being implemented time to time which can help in joining multiple materials simultaneously in different environments and conditions. Many efforts are being made for speeding up the process for the system to run faster and integrate into the system so that the process could be optimized for large scale. This paper focused on in depth literature review of the laser welding techniques used today.

Read More...

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, light fixtures or amusement rides. PLCs is basically the delegation of human control function to technical equipment for increasing productivity, increasing quality, reducing cost, increasing safety in working condition. Unlike general purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immune to electrical noise and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery backed- up or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a hard real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a limited time, otherwise unintended operation will result. The development of the embedded PLC is proposed here with the combination of the LabVIEW software and the ARM Microcontroller. The flexibility of the proposed PLC makes it relatively easy and less costly. The ARM microcontroller is selected to develop embedded PLC because it is widely used across many embedded designs due to its low price, low power consumption, and wide variety of peripherals for many of the major silicon vendors. In addition, the LabVIEW Embedded Module for graphical programming to ARM microcontroller is used with the application of irrigation system for water sprinkling in agriculture field.

Read More...

Wireless communication technique has become an important tool in any application that requires communication between one or more senders and multiple receivers. Security is becoming a major concern for this wireless communication. Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of small sensor nodes that constantly monitors environmental conditions but due to the partial resources of the nodes and hostile & pervasive environments. so this kind of nature of wireless sensor networks make them very attractive to attacks at all network layers; however, the so-called “wormhole attack”. In wormhole an attacker receives packets at one point in the network, “tunnels” them to another point in the network, and then replays them into the network from that point. In this paper, we will study wormhole attack and some of the methods for detecting of wormhole attack.

Read More...

Solid waste management is very poor in Imphal city. In the last few decades, the Urban Local Body (ULB) has been less attention towards solid waste management. Opportunity of Solid Waste Management (SWM) project under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) has interrupted for the improvement of solid waste collection, transportation and processing in Imphal city. In this context, Paper is reviewed the physical and financial status of solid waste management project at post project stage of Imphal city. Investigation was carried out whether project has been benefited or not. The research methodology was adopted the qualitative and quantitative description from secondary and primary data. Field observation is a tool to evaluate the project for SWM in this paperdepth literature review of the laser welding techniques used today.

Read More...

Due to the rising threat of terrorism, protecting critical civil infrastructure such as embassies, government buildings, and airports against bomb attacks has become a critical issue. Therefore, there is a need for the development of technologies that can protect these structures against blast loads. Categories of available protection technologies currently include exterior steel cladding and the addition of concrete walls, and sprayed-on polymer and metallic foam cladding. Further, extremists are using newer chemicals and technological advancements that have increased blast event magnitudes. Therefore, in addition to strategically important and heritage structures, even important commercial buildings and complexes are required to be designed for an adequate level of blast resistance. On the other hand, blast-resistant design of structures is treated as a specialized area to which, commonly, structural engineers are not exposed comprehensively, and most of the knowledge about blast-resistant design of structures remains limited to military setups. Hence, it is intended herein to present various strategies for blast response mitigation and structural design of such protective structures. This report is meant for discussion of studies on blast resistant structure and blast loading.

Read More...

This research activity is mainly aimed at showing principles of parallel algorithm models as algorithm development is a critical component of problem solving using computers. The algorithm models used are tested for the scalability and accuracy of the implemented algorithms. The implemented algorithm models could be used in different applications. The development of microprocessors design has been shifting to multicore architectures. Therefore, it is expected that parallelism will play a significant role in future generation of applications.

Read More...

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) not only forms the basis of emerging smart technology but also has its own unique challenges. Wireless Sensor Network usually consists of hundreds or thousands of small sensor nodes which operate autonomously in different critical and uncontrolled environments. Since these battery operated sensor nodes are difficult to recharge, achieving energy efficient data transmission in WSN still remains a challenging task. Continuous data transmission among nodes in a WSN is found to be the main reason for earlier discharge of the sensor nodes’ battery power. Data collection and prediction is a crucial and effective operation to achieve longer network lifetime by reducing the frequent communication among nodes. A detailed survey on various data prediction techniques and algorithms is presented in this paper. The data samples collected during the data transmission and the prediction scheme are analyzed and it is proved that data prediction can drastically reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes. Data prediction enables each node to predict its own sensor data and to compare the predicted values with the actually observed data thereby generating a confidence value. To boot our work, we have analyzed various prediction approaches and have proposed a new approach that reduces communication and computational cost without compromising data quality.

Read More...

This paper presents an implementation of single phase voltage source inverter (VSI) control algorithm for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is capable of extracting maximum power from PV array connected to DC link voltage level. The MPPT algorithm is solved by incremental conductance method (INC). Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) uses a simple mapping to generate gate signals for the inverter. A new digital proportional resonant (PR) current control algorithm is used to remain the current injected into the grid sinusoidal and to achieve high dynamic performance with low total harmonic distortion (THD). The validity of the system is verified through MATLAB/ Simulink and results are compared with proportional integral (PI) algorithm for PV system in terms of THD.

Read More...

Low noise amplifier is a crucial and essential component in RF receiver design. It amplifies the received weak RF signal with minimum noise contribution. Designing Low noise amplifier with CMOS technology is one of the important topics in research fields due to its advantages of low power, low cost and higher integration. Applications of LNA include WLAN, WSN and UWB applications. In this paper a detailed survey is provided for various LNA design techniques. The designed circuit is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

Read More...

Current era is of social networking sites, petabytes of data is generated daily on web. Millions of people are posting their likes, dislikes, comments daily on social networking sites. In this system, we are proposing a model that will extract the sentiment from a famous micro blogging site, Twitter, where users post their opinions for everything. Twitter is an online web application which contains lots of data that can be a structured or semi-structured or un-structured data format. We can collect the data from the twitter by using Apache Hadoop(BIG DATA) eco-system using online streaming tool Flume. There are different types of analysis that can be done on the collected data. So here we are taking sentiment analysis, for this we are choose to use Hive and its queries to give the sentiment data based up on the groups that we have defined in the HQL (Hive Query Language).Proposed model uses modified version of Naïve Bayes machine learning algorithm. Our modifications introduce neutral class by eliminating class conditional independence assumption of Naïve Bayes classifier by considering probability intersection between positive and negative classes. Algorithm results are improved by reducing words in tweet to their root form through mechanism of pre-processing before passing them to sentiment analyser. Hence, proposed system classifies tweets as positive, negative or neutral with respect to a query term. This system may prove useful for the enterprises who want to know the feedback about their product brands or the customers who want to improve their productivity and this system may also can be beneficial for election exit polls.

Read More...

The research work was conducted with the objective to find the various channels of e-banking in India available as on date and the banking channels and services that can be offered in future on smart devices. This paper is pursued by collecting information through a literature review of the websites, brochures, products and services of related banks and by observation method, examining the banking services offered by various banks. The study suggests the various channels of e-banking available in India currently and also suggests certain Banking Channels and Services that can be offered in future on smart devices.

Read More...

Chromatic dispersion is very serious issue for communication engineers while designing a wave division multiplexing for optical communication. In the present scenario there is a increasing demand of high speed internet which require more capacity and more bandwidth. The effect of chromatic dispersion can be reduced by compensation technique. [1, 2] The chromatic dispersion also has inverse relationship with FWM. In this paper we used post dispersion compensation along with the fiber Bragg grating to reduce the effect of chromatic dispersion. Also we can compare the Bit error rate at different power levels 5 db, 10 db and 20 db while the length of fiber is fixed. After simulation it is proven that bit error rate is a function of input power level. The pulse broadening is a function of length of fiber which has been shown in this work When the BER increases quality factor decreases and overall fiber optic system degraded. In this paper we also prove that the BER is also a function of Length of Fiber. As the fiber length increases BER also increases. The whole simulationn is performed by Optisystem simulation software. Also by examine the eye diagram it is clear that link performance is improved by using dispersion compensation.

Read More...

Biometric is an emerging trend of science for identifying a person based on physical and behavioural attributes. Large scale of biometric systems are used both in commercial and government agencies to increase the level of security. Face recognition is the powerful method of recognizing an individual. It is a computer application which compares the facial features with the database image. A unique approach is introduced for recognizing multi pose images with different conditions. The classification is performed by using Back Propagation Algorithm and Radial Basis Algorithm and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. The proposed method is based on extraction and Eigen face method. Experimental results are tested using FERET database and shows that the proposed method is effective for face recognition. The feature extraction using PCA is to reduce the dimensionality and to calculate the feature points. The performance evaluations between the proposed methods are analyzed. The characteristic features calculated using PCA called Eigen faces are obtained from the stored images are combined with the Back Propagation Neural Network, Radial Basis Function Network and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System algorithms for recognition of images. For extracting the feature points from the input image, entropy and mean of each image are detected. The experimental results on performance of testing images are compared with Back Propagation, Radial Basis Function Network and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System algorithms. Thus Face recognition can be achieved through the architectures and algorithms of artificial neural networks.

Read More...

The main objective of this concept is used to apply the gear by using automation system in automobile vehicles. This is the new innovative model mainly used for the vehicles to control the vehicle. Here we are concentrating to design the automatic gear changing mechanism in two wheeler vehicles by using the electronic devices. This is very useful for the gear changing mechanism in automobile vehicles. By using this we can easily control the vehicle and improve the performance of the vehicle also we can avoid the wear and tear of the gear.

Read More...

A Mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is a group of mobile nodes that communicate with node to node via wireless links with no fixed infrastructure and no centralized administration. In MANETs many routing protocol works as on-demand routing protocol and these on-demand protocols have faster response time and lower overhead. In MANET there are many attacks that affect the routing and one of them is rushing attack. In this paper, we have study various prevention techniques, which are used to prevent the rushing attack. In Rushing attack, a malicious node or an attacker further the speed of routing process. Rushing attacks represent one of such possibilities. In these Rushing attacks, malicious nodes send the Route Request (RREQ) packets, asking for a route, to the destination node quicker than the legitimate nodes do.

Read More...

In this paper we develop an Application in order to visualize the architecture of flat on development site with the concept of virtual reality. With the help of android phone and Google cardboard we are building a device for developing virtual reality. The effects will be developed in Unity 3D and also using DIVE Software Development Kit. The user of it can only visualize the places or structures those are already built and developed or at development stage. In this paper we will be developing and implementing sensor fusion algorithm for detecting orientations in three dimensions. We will be implementing A* approach for path finding and also Kalman filter is designed to compensate the sensor errors[2]. The app implemented would be suitable on android platform and Google Cardboard will also be used for displaying purpose[1].

Read More...

The interactive voice response system (IVRS) is an automated phone system and software that allows an individual to conduct transactions by phone without the assistance of a live worker. The telephone user can access the information from anywhere at any time simply by dialling a specified number and following an on-line instruction when a connection has been established. The user can get the information at anytime from anywhere by dialling the specified mobile number. The AVR system uses computer stored data. The student data is stored in computer. The parent’s mobile number is stored in the computer.

Read More...

Vehicle to vehicle data transmission, we present initial designs and results of a small-scale prototype using light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology, a new technology that was developed in the last few years, which still needs more systematic inquiry on its sustainability for outdoor vehicular networks. Vehicle to vehicle communication is the most effective solution we have used in order to reduce vehicle's accidents. The propose use of Li-Fi technology comprises mainly light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs as means of connectivity by sending data through light spectrum as an optical wireless medium for signal propagation. In fact, the usage of light emitting diode (LED) eliminates the need of complex wireless networks and protocols. The design system is aim to ensure a highly-reliable communication between a commercial LED-based transaction light and a receiver mount on a vehicle.

Read More...

In Android devices, Memory management has become a major concern as a result of it has vital impact on system performance and battery life. Additionally it's vital to with efficiency use and manages the interior and external memory house gift within the mobile software. Thus it is essential to create a facility that helps in reducing memory consumption. The projected Classic compression rule compress the RGB color exploitation lossless compression rule with the assistance of prophetical secret writing supported Color quantization for mechanical man Mobile Devices. Supported this it'll scale back the image size whereas achieving the most effective image quality with less knowledge loss. it'll show on output screen MSE, PSNR, and compression magnitude relation and compression time of compressed Image.

Read More...

Actual generation process requires the working of many components of the power system in tandem to maximize the output. One of the main components to form a major part is the reactive power in the system. It is required to maintain the voltage to deliver the active power through the lines. Loads like motor loads and other loads require reactive power for their operation. To improve the performance of ac power systems, we need to manage this reactive power in an efficient way and this is known as reactive power compensation. Reactive power can be best described as the quantity of “unused” power that is developed by reactive components, such as inductors or capacitors in the AC circuit or system. In a DC circuit, the product of “volt-amps” gives the power consumed in watts by the circuit. However, while this formula is also true for purely resistive AC circuits, the situation is slightly more complex in a AC circuit containing reactive components as this “volt-amps” product can change with frequency. There are two aspects to the problem of reactive power compensation: load compensation and voltage support. Load compensation consists of improvement in power factor, balancing of real power drawn from the supply, better voltage regulation, etc. of large fluctuating loads. Voltage support consists of reduction of voltage fluctuation at a given terminal of the transmission line. Two types of compensation can be used: series and shunt compensation. These quite satisfactorily do the job of absorbing or generating reactive power with a faster time response and come under Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).

Read More...

Nowadays social tagging is an important in social websites to provide a good tagging for photos uploaded on the websites to access high quality social tags. Tag recommendation by automatically assigning related tags to photos to find out particular interesting area. In this paper we concentrate on the personalized recommendation work and try to choose user preferred geo-location-specific as well as relevant tags for photos on social website. For users and geo-locations we assume they have various preferred tags assigned to a photo and purpose, a subspace learning method to individually uncover the user preference and geo-location preference. The goal of our work is to combine a visual and textual space into a unified subspace. According to unified subspace, it is mapped from the intermediate subspace and textual subspace respectively. We create formula for above learning problems into united form and present the minimization with its convergence rule. For a given untagged photo with its geo-location to a user we used the nearest neighbor search in the relating unified space. The user preferred and geo-location specified tags. Experiments on big scaled data sets collected from flicker examine the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Read More...