Wire-cut Electric Discharge Machine (WEDM) process is one of the most widely used non-traditional machining processes in current manufacturing. This work presents the effect using different combinations of input parameters like pulse on time, pulse off time, output responses like kerf width, MRR, surface roughness (Ra) and the surface topography on different types of materials using design of experiments. A standard orthogonal array in Taguchi is used as a technique in design of experiments. The selection of the parameters depends on the requirements based on a better surface roughness or a maximum material removal rate. Hence an appropriate combination of the variables can be selected accordingly.

Read More...

People suffering from Parkinson's disease or from paralysis (paraplegia or quadriplegia) have the inability to move their limbs and other voluntary organs, they are dependent on someone's help to move around all the time and this makes them feel incapable and brings down their morale to survive. A solution to this becomes inevitably necessary in order to provide them with the necessary mobility and independence as they are inferior to nobody. The existing large scale manufactured versions of the wheelchair are either manually driven i.e. by the help another individual or hand driven. Paralyzed patients however do not have the ability to move their limbs but do possess the ability of speech which is the whole concept behind this voice driven wheelchair. The aim of this wheelchair is to provide a whole new platform of independent existence to these patients in the form a voice guided wheelchair. An implementation of the manufacture of this wheelchair on a large scale, the reduction of cost by simplicity in setting up and working. This will enable the wheelchair to be provided at an affordable price to the common man, this acted as another big driving force.

Read More...

Coronary artery Syndrome (CAS) is myocardial infarction angina pectoris, CAS is one of the most common public syndrome in our country. Coronary artery syndrome involves the occurrence of pathological changes, arteriosclerosis, in the partitions of one or more of the coronary vessels. Physical immobility is a potent risk factor for coronary artery disease, but old age, high blood pressure, blood lipid disorders, male gender and heredity, as well as smoking, diabetes and overweight also increase the risk of developing the syndrome. The main aim of this paper demonstrates a fuzzy based coronary artery syndrome (CAS) analysis system using advanced improved Particle Swarm Optimization. In this proposed system based on the Cleveland and Hungarian Heart syndrome datasets. Since the datasets having numerous input points, decision tree (DT) was employed to loosen the characteristics that give towards the study. The output of the decision tree was adjusted into crisp if– then rules and then altered into fuzzy rule base. Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) was utilized to correct the fuzzy membership functions (MFs).

Read More...

In computer vision application texture analysis plays an important role same as Artificial Intelligence plays in classification and decision making. Better texture feature gives better results while classification even the accuracy of classifier is totally depend on the type and values variations of features. Different methods for digital-image texture analysis like Structural, Statistical, Model–Based and Transform based are reviewed based on available literature and research work either carried out or supervised by the authors. Different texture databases available online is also discussed with their characteristics and the best texture feature which can describe the database well. The paper is concluded with texture features which can describe variation in given image.

Read More...

Convolution model is existing method for performing face recognition in uniform-blurring. It can’t handle non-uniform blurring situation that frequently arise rotations in hand held camera. Then developing a system that can recognition faces across non-uniform blur and varying illumination and pose. Using non-uniform blur-robust algorithm based on transformation spread function (TFS).

Read More...

Cloud computing is an infrastructural model that is used for enabling convenient, on-demand access to compiled pool of computing resources. Sharing of resources is its primary concept which helps in achieving coherence and economies of scale. Cloud computing is a concept in which multiple users can access the compiled or heaped resources or update their data without purchasing licences for different applications. The main advantage of cloud computing model is that the user can access services based on their requirements irrespective of where the service is being hosted. Cloud computing is an infrastructure that is vastly scalable and cost effective due to which there is an enormous growing demand for it. This has led to a critical issue of increased energy consumption at data centres which are indirectly increasing the operational cost. Due to this, the profit margin of cloud providers has decreased. Another serious issue has emerged due to increased energy consumption is high carbon emission which makes it unsafe for environment. Thus, in this chapter, we will discuss various elements of Clouds that contributes to the entire energy consumption and also explain the roles of cloud users in achieving this goal.

Read More...

powering i.e. how to calculate the power required for a dump truck, what are the factors to be considered while deciding the power requirement and then select an engine which will provide sufficient power to dump truck. Load distribution i.e. how much load is coming on the front axle and rear axle when the truck is in moving on horizontal surface with zero % gradient. Also we will discuss the load distribution on front & rear axles when the dump truck is climbing a gradient and when the dump truck coming along the downhill. Weight transfer between the axles while climbing a gradient and while coming down through a downhill. This load distribution dictates the design of mainframe, wheel base distance, dump body design and selection of tires of a rigid dump truck. Braking i.e.in braking we will discuss about the stopping distance calculation as per ISO 3450 for rigid dump trucks and the actual measured stopping distance of a dump truck. Conditions for measuring the stopping distance of a dump truck, Effects of driver’s reaction, gradient, speed and brake response on the stopping distance and the brake ratio generally used in the dump trucks. Braking is very important in safety point of view.

Read More...

Radar tracking plays a crucial role within the space of early warning and detection system, whose preciseness is closely connected with filtering rule. There are various nonlinear filtering algorithms at the present, owning their explicit characteristics. Through the analyses of linear and nonlinear information filters, we discover that KF is simple to implement and has been wide used. Therefore, we'll simulate and show the performance of the Kalman information filter (KF). One of the issues with the Kalman filter is that they'll not strong against modeling uncertainties. The Kalman filter algorithm is that the optimum filter for a system while not uncertainties. The performance of a Kalman filter is also considerably degraded if the particular system model doesn't match the model on that the Kalman filter was primarily based, therefore required an advance version of Kalman filter , This filter is known as Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF). Kalman filter (KF) is mostly applicable for linear system i.e. where speed are linear but Radar movements are nonlinear and they cannot easily track with linear system and estimation in Radar system is also not easy, so we can say that Kalman filter is not efficient where delay or uncertainties are present ,So we required a new filter they work efficiently in those condition , we use Adaptive Kalman filter (AKF).

Read More...

The gears0are used for a wide range of industrial0applications. Their0function is to convert input0provided by prime mover into an output with lower0speed and corresponding0higher torque. Contact9stress is generally the deciding0factor for the determination0of the requisite dimensions9of gears. Research9on gear action has confirmed fact that beside contact9pressure, sliding9velocity, viscosity of lubricant9as well as other factors such as frictional9forces, contact stresses0also influence the formation of pits on the tooth0surface. So thorough0study of contact stress developed0between the different matting0gears are mostly important0for the gear design. Current0Analytical methods of calculating0gear contact stresses0use Hertz’s0equations, which were originally0derived for contact between0two cylinders. So for contact9stress it is necessary to develop0and to determine appropriate0models of contact0elements, and to calculate0contact stresses and tooth bending stress of mitre bevel gear using ABAQUS and compare0the results with Hertzian0theory.

Read More...

Pressure vessel is one of the most important and critical component in any processing industries, such as oil & gas, Chemical Processing Industries, Pharmaceutical. Pressure vessels often have a combination of high pressures together with high temperatures, and in some cases flammable fluids or highly radioactive materials. Because of such hazards it is imperative that the design be such that no leakage can occur. In addition these vessels have to be designed carefully to cope with the operating temperature and pressure. Plant safety and Integrity is of fundamental concern in pressure vessel design and these of course depend on the adequacy of design codes. The modes that are most likely to cause a failure of a pressure vessels, as identified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Code, are as follows: Excessive elastic deformation including elastic instability, Excessive plastic deformation, Brittle fracture, Stress rupture or creep deformation (inelastic), Plastic instability and increment, collapse, High strain and low cycle fatigue, Stress corrosion, Corrosion fatigue. The proposed work focuses on design and analysis of horizontal pressure vessel for Vacuum system drain collection receiver based on (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1. As per the customer requirement, the pressure vessel will be designed for a capacity of 0.5m3. The vessel is required to contain an internal working pressure of 0.815 kg/cm2 with Temperature is 51.60C. In order to make this pressure vessel safe, the vessel is designed for Maximum pressure is 1.54 kg/cm2, with design temperature of the fluid is 1020C. The materials of the vessel for the following components are used: Shell & Head: SA 516 GR 70.The design and analysis is emphasizes basically to overcome the failures due to Support in operating condition or in hydro test condition, heavy wind at site, Earthquake, thermal stresses, full vacuum inside the vessel etc. and also overcoming defects due to Cracks in Pressure Vessel Parallel and perpendicular to vessel axis. The results are validating with the PV elite software result as per ASME Section –VIII and Division.1.

Read More...

The aim of this paper is to give a detailed information about the image segmentation techniques in the Digital Image Processing. The problems identified during image segmentation makes a greater challenge to the computer vision. In this paper we have discussed the main aspects of algorithm for the further development in image processing technique. This will help the to determine the accurate results in image segmentation and the efficiency is improved.

Read More...

Aero plane safe landing-area detection system is invented for aero plane emergency landing, which is based on images acquired by aeroplane-mounted cameras. In this system, top-four important factors of unplanned landing, (emergency landing) are aero plane hijack, running out of fuel, extremely bad weather, medical emergency. So, we focus on the detection mechanism of safe landing area. terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras(Here we used goggle map images) and image stitching for a bigger field-of-view (FOV) &image improvement for increased visibility have been performed .Specifically, we propose a horizon detection to identify the ground in the image. Then, Segmentation is used to find out various clusters based on Color, performed by K-Mean Method. Principle component analysis is used for feature extraction & Classification of various clusters done by Cross correlation Classifier. Dimension assessment is done by using blob Analysis. Then, detected landing sites are sorted in descending order, based on size of area. If the dimensions of a candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing-site is considered a safe candidate and is highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates and also by considering other factors such as wind speed& its direction.

Read More...

In recent years many elderly patients having lifelong diseases and the patients live alone in the home. Without the help of any person they may not be able to call for help by themselves that they are in critical condition like falling down or suddenly heart attack which may cause effect on his health. So to overcome the above problems a wearable Badge is designed in such a way that the consumption of valuable time which should be given to the patients for treatment is reduces. The system consists of the wearable Badge, Service Centre and the Android Phone. The system consists of Badge detecting events such as 1.Falling down event (FE) 2.Unexpected movements and the motionless events (UE) 3. Going out and coming back home event (HE). It also includes GSM and GPS module which is used for sending the alert messages and tracking the position of the patient is given to the patient family and the doctor by the Android Application.

Read More...

Data mining is a popular analysis tool to extract information from collection of huge amount of data. The objective of this paper is to review an association rule hiding algorithm for privacy preserving data mining which would be used for providing confidentiality and improve the performance when the database stores and retrieves large amount of data. Association rule hiding which is one of the techniques of PPDM to protect the association rules generated by association rule mining. Association rule hiding refers to the process of changing the original database in such a way that certain sensitive association rules hide without seriously affecting the data and the non-sensitive rules. Association rule mining is an significant data-mining technique that finds riveting association among huge amount of data items.

Read More...

A ‘Hybrid electric vehicle' is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has great advantages over the previously used gasoline engine that drives the power from gasoline only. It is a major source of air pollution. The objective is to design and fabricate a two wheeler hybrid electric vehicle powered by both battery and gasoline (PETROL). The combination of both the power makes the vehicle dynamic in nature over conventional automobiles. Hybrid electric vehicles combine an electric motor, battery and power system with an internal combustion engine to achieve better fuel economy and reduce toxic emissions. Equipment and their cost analysis are done. It deals with the fabrication of the vehicle. The final stage would consist of increasing the efficiency of the vehicle in economic ways.

Read More...

The cement is one of the most demanding binding material in cement infrastructure industry since from its discovery it became very popular due its bonding and durable nature. The raw material required for production of cement is mine everyday, due to increase in demand of cement raw material they are in verge of exhaust which has an direct impact on price of cement and Indian economy. The use supplementary cementitious material (SCMs) like Fly ash and Calcite can be the innovative approach to develop concrete without any side effect on its properties. Fly ash is a waste generated from thermal power station which contain high amount of SiO2 and Calcite which is reach in CaCO3, experimental investigation shows that, it enhances the physical and mechanical properties of concrete.

Read More...

Nowadays visual information is gaining much more importance than textual information as pictures convey more than words. As image has richer content than text, Video database is increasing exponentially over the Internet. Content-based Video retrieval (CBVR) from large video storage has become a challenging and important issue for researchers over worldwide. There is lack of tools so it is difficult to distinguish between low and high level feature. There has been lot of CBVR systems developed but still there is a lack of efficient retrieval system, as many retrieval techniques are not suitable for extensive search and so it deteriorates the overall performance of system. In this paper we have given an outline of the sequential steps of existing CBVR systems.

Read More...

Driving with drowsiness is one of the major cause or a reason behind the road and traffic accidents. Driver fatigue is a significant factor in a large number of vehicle accidents. So there is a need to develop such a techniques which helps to prevents the growth rate of such accidental things.for development of technologies for detecting or preventing drowsiness at the wheel is a major challenge in the field of accident avoidance systems.Drowsy driver detection system is one of the potential applications of intelligent vehicle systems.Due to the hazard that drowsiness presents on the road, methods need to be developed for counteracting its affects.This paper aims to describes a real-time non-intrusive method for detecting drowsiness of driver by using yawning measurement.Our proposed system involves several steps including the real time detection and tracking of driver’s face, detection and tracking of the mouth contour and the detection of yawning based on measuring both the rate and the amount of changes in the mouth contour area. It uses webcam to acquire video images of the driver. Visual features like mouth & eyes which are typically characterizing the drowsiness of the driver are extracted with the help of image processing techniques to detect drowsiness. Here we are applying the bluring algorithm on images ,those are capture from webcam to remove the noise. Then converting the RGB image to HSV image.Where HSV converts the RGB image into black and white image and the blob detection will detect the blob from the images. Final test results demonstrate that the proposed system can efficiently measure the aforementioned parameters and detect the yawning state as a sign of driver’s drowsiness.

Read More...

Profit is the main contribution reason for social network providers. Its dependence on user profiles, built from a wealth of freely revealed personal information, exposes users to a variety of privacy vulnerabilities. ONLINE social networks have become a significant source of personal information. In this paper, propose to take first steps toward addressing the difference between profit and privacy in geo social networks. This paper establish PROFILR, a framework for constructing location centric profiles (LCPs), aggregates built over the profiles of users that have visited separate locations . PROFILR endows users with strong privacy guarantees and providers with correctness assurance In accumulation to a venue centric advance, we propose a decentralized solution for computing real time LCP snapshots over the profiles of co-located users. An Android implementation shows that PROFILR is efficient; the continuous transparency is small even under strong privacy and correctness assurances.

Read More...

Now a days, Brushless DC motors are extensively used in various applications such as fuel pumping, automotive, aeronautical, robotics etc because of its highly advantageous features. Here for the control of BLDCM a topology which consists of a zeta converter for DC link voltage control and a neutral point clamped inverter is used. The inverter delivers a half dc link voltage across the motor windings and this helps in eliminating the torque ripple.

Read More...

We colossally render that Network fault detection and correction to construct optimal network that is in other word Network deficiency discovery and adjustment to develop ideal system to demonstrated an over a conclusion end -to-end methodology of deriving probabilistic information sending disappointments in the system, where overlay nodes are freely worked by different authoritative areas. Our enhancement objective is to minimize the normal expense of amending (i.e., diagnosing and repairing) all defective overlay nodes that can't legitimately convey information to create ideal system. Rather than first checking the in all likelihood flawed nodes as in copy-cat shortcoming limitation issues, we demonstrate that an ideal methodology ought to begin with checking one of the applicant nodes, which are distinguished in light of a potential capacity that we create. We propose a few proficient heuristics for inducing the best node to be checked in extensive scale systems. We are first checking the hopeful nodes instead of the doubtlessly flawed nodes can diminish the checking expense of remedying every broken node.

Read More...

The common problem in pH reactors to determination and control and concerning chemical-based industrial processes by virtue of the non-linearity observed in the titration curve. The pH control had always drawn attention of chemical engineers because of its connotation in various fields as medicine, where the effect of pH on the enzymes and blood is acutely investigated, and the industry which is perturbed with manufacturing of textile dyes, and bleach products. The high non-linearity in pH is an immeasurable challenge in process control and it cannot be effective controlled by the linear PID controller. Hence advanced tuned PID controllers are best suited which are designed and developed for a pH control process in order to control the plant to the desired set point with high quality performance over the entire operating range. The mathematical model of pH process is obtained to ensure the dynamic modifications and stability enhancement. The ZN tuned PID, automatic tuned PID and PSO PID controller is implemented in simulation. The simulation is done using MATLAB software and the results are compared.

Read More...

The increasing industrialization of the world has led the demand of petroleum based fuels. Fossil fuels are obtained from limited reserves. Nowadays, more researchers focus on protecting the environment. So, use the hydrogen gas with diesel fuel in CI engine. The oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was produced by the process of water electrolysis. Hydroxy gas was produced by the electrolysis process of different electrolytes (KOH, NaOH, and NaCl) with various electrode designs in a leak proof Plexiglas reactor (hydrogen generator). This review paper presents the concern with the effectiveness of oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas addition on performance and combustion characteristics of a CI engine with variable compression ratio. The effect will be shown on the CI engine of the brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide, un-burn hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide and NOx emission with the use of HHO and a variable compression ratio.

Read More...

A steam turbine is mechanical device which converts thermal energy in steam into mechanical work. The steam turbine gives the better thermodynamic efficiency by using multiple stages in the expansion of steam. The stages are characterized by the way of energy extraction from them is considered as impulse or reaction turbines. In this thesis the parameters of steam turbine blade varied and analysis is done for strength, life and heat transfer rates. The varied parameters are the ratio of X-axis distance of blade profile by chord length and ratio of maximum height of blade profile in Y-direction to the chord length. The 2D modelling is done by using pro/engineer. The ANSYS software is used for static, thermal and fatigue analysis.

Read More...

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is a sub form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network that provides communication between vehicles and between vehicles and road-side base stations. Vehicular Ad hoc Network can ease our life by making driving safe in near future. Privacy navigation utilizes the online road information collected by a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to guide the drivers to desired destinations in a real-time and distributed manner. In this proposed system DSR-RS routing protocol and AES(RC6) routing algorithm is used for improve new A-DSR routing protocol using NS-2 simulator. We compare the performance of these routing protocol on the basis of various parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay and control overhead.

Read More...