Fractal antennas have the unique property of self-similarity, generated by iterations, which means that various copies of an object can be found in the original shape object at smaller scale size. A fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be divided into smaller parts, each of which is (approximately) a reduced size copy of the whole. Fractal antenna is capable of performing operation with good-to-excellent performance at many different frequencies simultaneously at the same time. Normally standard antennas that have to be "cut" for the frequency for which they are to be used and thus the standard antennas only work only well at that the frequency they are given. This paper represents a basic study of a simple fractal antenna with a different shape and there iterations. And I have also discussed the basics of Fractal Antenna, various feeding techniques, design model, advantages and applications.

Read More...

Cloud Computing, the ubiquitous form of computing, has almost taken over the world of computing. The cloud platform serves as a data repository which provides ‘anywhere, anytime’ access to the users. Users depend upon the cloud service providers and upload their data to the cloud which not only improves the availability of data but also the functionality. However many security threats have occurred and serious data leakages have taken place which poses a question on the integrity of data being stored in the cloud. This study segments the life cycle of data into different phases and reviews various existing technologies used to provide data security. Data security during transmission, storage, usage and destruction are discussed upon in this study.

Read More...

There are various obstacles faced in working of different refrigerants due to their environmental impact (R 11, R12), toxicity (NH3), Flammability (HC) and high pressure (CO2); which makes them more hazardous than other working fluids according to safety and environmental issues. Performance analysis on a vapour compression refrigeration system with eco-friendly refrigerant of HC600a were done and their results were compared with R134a as possible alternative replacement. In present work experimental setup is prepared for both existing and proposed system with R-134a and R-600a as refrigerants. In the proposed system suction line heat exchanger of 35cm length is used. After conducting the experiment, - In the proposed system the coefficient of performance is found to be greater than the coefficient of performance of existing system. The percentage of increase in COP using R-134a in no load condition is 3.27% and in loaded condition is 3.10%. - In the proposed system the coefficient of performance is found to be greater than the coefficient of performance of existing system. The percentage of increase in COP using R-600a in no load condition is 4.09% and in loaded condition is 3.34%. - From the above discussions, it can be concluded that the performance of vapour compression refrigeration system of domestic refrigerator can be increased by using 35cm length of a heat exchanger for different refrigerants. - The retrofitting of R600a in all conditions showed better performance than R134a. And also that if care is taken in flammable of R600a retrofitting gives better performance with R600a in domestic R134a systems.

Read More...

Services or applications based on location i.e. based on latitude and longitude are famous now days. Various business openings, start ups looking forward for this location based applications and incorporate them into their business models. The major criteria are, end user’s location should be accurate and authentic. While validating the location of end user, his privacy must be preserved. Hence there must be designed protocol that uses the end user’s location efficiently by preserving privacy. Hence system is designed in which authentic witness validates the end user’s location and then respective services are provided to the user. Here idea of proposed system is that super user (administrator) manages the data regarding locations and witness who authenticate the location. When end user is on particular location and wants to share data, then he has to populate his location details. These location details are shared with the witness and after witness approval user can share date about that location. Other users can get data when they will be on that location. Proxy location can also be generated by end user to get data about different location. This system works on location based security aspect.

Read More...

The main object of this project is to generate energy from vibration that means from human and store that energy in battery and used that energy to drive electronic devices, up to 12 DC volts. There are non-conventional and conventional energy sources, conventional energy source are artificial like coal, gas, petrol etc. And these sources of electricity are limited and are available in particular region. But there are some unconventional source of energy like wind, sun etc these are easily available everywhere. Like that proposed system is also able to produce large amount of electricity using vibrations. Energy harvesting comes in many shapes and forms; in this project it generates power from human footsteps. Lot of human energy is wasted by walking, dancing, and gyming in everyday life. Proposed system helps in urgent situation condition which converts human wasted energy into useful electrical energy. This project has piezoelectric sensors in it which can convert vibration energy to electric energy with the help of that it will produce electricity by installing that device in stair case, parking slot, in military, dancing clubs and etc.

Read More...

Cross platform frameworks have major advantage of “reusability” of code. In this system user does not required to learn new language that require to build new application in android, iOS or any web based application in HTML or XML. In this system very firstly, sample application is developed and tested in android and then further, we test that same application is unchanged on other such as, on iOS platform. In case of, HTML-based solutions, Rhodes and PhoneGap do not required any changes to code but in terms of Titanium required minimum changes in application layout. Our system support direct interfacing of web applications with core android features. In this system, cross platform provides many advantages like reusability of code as well as quick setup of application for multiple applications. In this project web applications are directly interfaced with android native features like, Bluetooth, Camera, SD card etc. In this Cross-platform system, android applications are created with web based languages.

Read More...

Arthritis is a disease that is mainly because of the swelling that arises all over the joint of the person ,ruin the joints of the human body, scrap of joint, muscle strains caused by forceful movements against stiff painful joints and fatigue. Arthritis can cause vital organ vandalization and is an independent peril factor for heart disease. The pain which causes from Physiotherapy and physical activity are effective for treating the disease. They are ambiguous or improper instructions though, patients often do not fully benefit from prescription practice. Many times patients are unable to follow the recommended exercise routine accurately and frequently. For this the patients visiting the Medical Centre where they might not get a dedicated trainer to monitor their exercises and this will not help them to cure their disease. This paper presents a technique that will provide virtual instructor to the patients with arthritis the exercises, to teach them their exercise routine and also will monitor them while performing the exercises.

Read More...

Cold form steel structures are used for numerous purposes in construction industry. An attempt has been made in this study to check the flexural behaviour of cold form steel, closed builtup up channel section experimentally and analytically. Finally, the experimental results are compared with analytical results. This study aims at the following objective by test performed on cold formed steel section to check the flexural behaviour.Studies on the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel (CFS) beam are increasingly popular in the last decades. Instability phenomena, such a local buckling, distortional buckling, and lateral buckling and their interactions are the most interesting and complex subjects within this research field. Understanding and dealing with these phenomena has been central focus of research efforts. The behaviour of Load carrying capacity of Light gauge channel sections subjected to flexural Buckling is studied. It is noted that the load carrying capacity of built up sections are more than the normal sections. And the failure patterns of this section were extracted.A built up cold formed steel beam has been adopted for a span of 1.25m and it is verified with finite element analysis using ABAQUS software. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is presented and the agreements obtained are reasonably good

Read More...

Steel fibers have been widely used in the construction industry for the erection of structural members such as beams, columns and slabs to improve their mechanical properties. This paper deals with the torsional behaviour of reinforced beams having steel fibers tested under pure torsion. A total of five beams consists of one conventional beam and four beams containing steel fiber. The steel fibers are added in a volume fraction of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2%. Hooked-end steel fibers were used with an aspect ratio of 66. The shape and aspect ratio was kept constant for all the beams. Test results include first cracking torque, ultimate torque and twist angles. The use of steel fibers in the volume fraction of 1.5% and 2% exhibited greater torque and twist angles. Therefore the results revealed that higher volume fraction of steel fibers improve the torsional performance of RC beams.

Read More...

Strengthening of structures have gained importance in the past few decades owing to the high cost involved in their reconstruction and also to ensure safety by improving their strength under adverse conditions. This paper deals with one such strengthening method based on the external bonding of the reinforcement through cold formed steel sheets. Cold forming ensures that the material has enough surface smoothness to avoid stress concentrations in addition to high tolerance and concentricity. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the externally bonded cold formed steel sheets on the flexural behaviour of the RC beams. For this purpose, flexural strength of the control beams and the beams bonded with the cold formed steel sheets are determined by experimental means and will be compared to validate the novelty in the use of the externally bonded steel sheets on the surface of the beams by means of epoxy. This paper aims to bring out the novel advantages of using cold formed sheets for strengthening the beams through the critical review of literature and observe their behaviour through experimental means.

Read More...

AC rectification is a very inefficient process, resulting in waveform distortion of the current which is drawn from the source. This produces a large spectrum of harmonic signals that may interfere with other equipment. In input rectifier bridge the conventional boost PFC suffers from the high conduction loss. By using bridgeless boost converter higher efficiency can be achieved. The voltage sensing, current sensing and EMI noise has issues in this new circuit. In this paper at different voltage level by changing the duty ratio the affect of efficiency is studied.

Read More...

This paper proposes for enhancing the services by the transport management by using GPS (Global positioning system) and GSM (Global system for mobile communication) modem integration. The system mainly consists of two modules. (1) Bus station module (2) Bus module. The modules are connected to PC and GSM modem. These both module uses the microcontroller, LCD display and GSM. The bus station module consists of a microcontroller unit, LCD display and GSM modems interfaced to PC’s so that to track the every bus, processes user request about a particular bus location out of bus station and updates buses location. This transport service department needs to track and check the performance and services provided to common people. This developed system will help common people to use more services of transport management.

Read More...

Two different paths are followed for the analysis of dashpot. In the first path, the concept of coefficient of restitution is used assuming two impacts per cycle symmetrically. In the other path impact forces are split assuming periodic impacts into harmonic functions through Fourier series expansion. The main concept of vibration analysis of impact damper is based on impact duration & impact interval. Study of impact damper is essential to reduce the amplitude of vibration so that the structure can be safe against vibration hazards. Mostly researchers adopt duration of contact to be zero. There is no experimental analysis available for the same. So, we made an experimental setup to determine the characteristic of different parameter experimentally for the case of periodic steady state vibration. For the experimentation forced vibration is created by unbalance rotating masses. Experimental outputs were studied on Digital Storage Oscilloscope. (DSO) The results of experiment can prove that the assumption of impact damper is wrong. And this work can give new approach to solution of vibration analysis in future.

Read More...

These days the lifestyle and living of the world has changed a lot, Technology plays a very important part in one’s life. The daily life has become so busy and complicated that it becomes almost impossible to live without electronic gadgets. So keeping this thing in mind we have proposed a system which will ensure in helping the physically disabled people to use the computer without any efforts just with the help of their healthy eyes. This project deals with real time eye gaze controlled human and computer interface. Healthy eyes here are of prime concern which will help one to operate the computer or laptop. Digital Image Processing here will be used to process the method with the help of viola jones algorithm, which will initially help us capture the image of eye, Process the images into templates and creating a database which will be further used to compare with the real time images. Five Gestures namely Right, left, up, down and blink will be used in functioning of the linked applications in the Graphical User Interface. Helping to ease the lives of the disabled.

Read More...

In this study a drill tool dynamometer that can measure cutting force, axial force and torque force by using dial gauge has been studied and used. The dial gauges are connected to system. As the tool comes in contact with the work piece the various force developed are captured and this readings are compared on standard deflection force tube to know the force value. The force on these material with variation in speed are studied Graphs are drawn on how these force vary due to variation in speed.

Read More...

The main objective of our project is to help people to reach destination in very less time and help them to make easy to found out their particular destination in virtual view. The virtual view support higher time accuracy and less searching work so that it make easy to stranger person who are new in their particular places. Other application requires more information of the user to provide their destination details. But in our application User just provide their basic information and our application will provide particular view according to that information. Suppose the user is new to place and doesn’t know anything about that area so our application make that easy to know surroundings. It highly dependent on GPS based navigation so the Work will become less to User.

Read More...

In cloud computing, data deduplication is one of the important data compression techniques for eliminating repeating data which are duplicate, and has been widely used in cloud storage to reduce the amount of storage space. To protect the confidentiality of those sensitive data while supporting deduplication, the convergent encryption technique has been proposed to encrypt the data before deploying. In existing approaches, only the file names are checked so that many data have been lost. In this paper, we use AB (Attribute Based) algorithm to check the files based on their attribute so it requires less time for checking all those files. After finishing this process it will check the content of the particular file, then the files having the same content re identified to be duplicated and will be eliminated, which will be more efficient.

Read More...

The main aim of the project is Transformer allocation whenever load is increased for certain value and also sending this change in illumination to the relevant authority via SMS by using GSM Modem. The objective of this project is to preserve the domestic supply and power transformers from overload power. Drop in efficiency and overheating in secondary winding can be obviated with the help of this project. The demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent power cuts is causing many worriment in various areas like industries, hospitals and houses resulting in load increment hence overload. An alternate arrangement for power is a must. This project uses parallel transformers for load sharing at highest load on first transformer then automatically load transfer on second transformer. Load sharing of the transformer is cinch with the help of this project theme and the life of the transformer is increased. The project is also used as a sustained power supply .If short circuit fault occurs, the transformer will be protected. A microcontroller of 8051 extraction is used. The output of microcontroller is given to the relay drive IC, which switches relevant relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the load. The output shall be observed the current status, as to which derivation supplies the load is also displayed on an LCD. The global system for mobile communication is used as it is accepted standard for digital communication and is helpful in sending message to authority via SMS whenever load is shared between the parallel transformers.

Read More...

This paper is a review paper on Low Dropout (LDO) Voltage Regulator. Various techniques that have been proposed to improve performance parameters of LDO are studied and their performance is compared with the proposed Low Dropout (LDO) voltage regulator using Bulk Modulation Technique. The proposed LDO regulator is able to delivers up to 5 mA of load current while providing 1 V (~1.5% load regulation) drawing 99.0 µA from a 1.2 V supply. It has been observed that the proposed circuit offers better stability as well as 75% improvement in the load current delivery and recovery time of 0.16 µs for no-load to full-load transition. The proposed LDO is implemented in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS process.

Read More...

Automatic number plate recognition (NPR) system plays an important role in numerous applications, such as parking a systems, traffic law enforcement, road monitor, electronic-police system, and security systems. NPR involves three main components: Number plate detection, character segmentation and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). For Number Plate Detection and character segmentation, we are going to use OpenCV libraries. And for OCR, Tesseract-OCR.There are numerous NPR systems available today. These systems are based on various methodologies but perhaps it is really tricky job as some of the factors like fast speed of vehicle, inappropriate vehicle number plate, language of motor vehicle number and different light conditions has significant overload on the overall recognition rate. Most of the systems work under these limitations.

Read More...

The detection of fire in video has been widely studied in the world. Technique of color determination to identify as an effective result but it should be considered each frame in video and takes longer. Therefore, this paper combines with background subtraction technique to detect when an object appears and inspects whether the color of object find fire in video or not. The result of this study is high practical significance.

Read More...

Classical PIN entry mechanism is widely used for authenticating a user. It is used on different platforms. But, this scheme suffers to shoulder surfing attack if used in public systems. In this attack, an unauthorized user can fully or partially observe the login session. The steps of the login session can be recorded or saved which the attacker can use it later to get the original PIN. In this project, we propose an intelligent user interface, ‘Color Pass’ to resist the shoulder surfing attack so that any authorized user can enter the login session’s PIN without disclosing the original PIN. The purposed methodology is based on a partially observable attacker model. The analysis shows that the Color Pass interface is safe and easy to use even for users. This method is suitable for Personal Digital Assistants, Mobile phones, ATM pin entry mechanism, Laptops and Desktops.

Read More...

We live in a 3D world. People move, think and experience in three dimensions, 3D technology gaining importance in our daily life, both at an educational level and, especially, at commercial level. Generally each e-commerce website show different views of products by uploading images in 2D view due to this customer face problem they can’t see the fully view of product. Very few websites shows their products in 3D view using flash player, but the problem with showing 3D view of product using flash player. Initially it is static i.e. it will show the 3D view of the products with generated flash file which is non-photorealistic rendering with animation. Second thing it needs flash player to run the 3D view of product. Development of such 3D view using flash files is not efficient with respect to time, cost and Memory consumption of flash player. So that flash files is also an important drawback of viewing product in 3D using flash files. That main problem is faced in the E-Commerce market because the markets have not much available resources to show the 3D image of that product. To overcome the problem of existing system we have proposed a new approach Klarity: 3D Face of E-Commerce is the innovative, quality driven; complete 3D view and service that helps you maximize the functionality and attractiveness of your product that help the clients by offering unique opportunity to explore the various viewing angle of products.

Read More...

for the health and care we always need a hospital but in real life it is complicated to go to the doctor and carry all records of our previous treatment. In case of emergency, If a patients doesn’t have his own record with him, it will be troublesome for him. Think, all these becoming easy we do not need to carry our records in hard copy format using smart hospitalization technique. With so many hospitals and no. of doctors it is difficult to find one who is best for a particular treatment. So it could be easy to find one doctor based upon the patients review. In this paper we are implementing the smart hospitalization in which patient can login using unique id and can see all previous history of his own diseases, which can be useful for the doctor, patient as well as chemist .In case of emergency user can find ambulance which is near by user. We find nearest ambulance using reverse geocoding algorithm and Google map direction API, we can obtain user location using reverse geocoding which convert geographic point into human readable address. It will be accessible either by an administrator, only they can add data into the database. The interface is going to be user-friendly. This will help to reduce the paper work at a greater extent. Based on doctors treatment patient can give his feedback on the website or using their smart phone. On the basis of patients feedback doctors can be rated as per their treatment and charges. This could help others to find good doctors based upon the patients rating. We will be analyzing patient’s comment using sentiment analysis Algorithm, which referred to as opinion mining, although the emphasis in this case is on extraction using keywords like, dislike/like, good/bad this sentiment analysis algorithm can be used for the priority wise listing of the doctor.

Read More...

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is rather a recent technique that uses a non-consumable rotating welding tool to generate frictional heat and plastic deformation at the welding point while the material is in solid state. The principal advantages are lower distortion, absence of melt related defects and high joint strength. Tool design and material plays a vital role in addition to the important parameters like tool rotational speed, welding speed and axial force. This paper attempts to predict numerically both the temperature distribution during friction stir welding process of 6063 aluminum plates and the result in thermal residual stress by sequentially coupling the thermal histories into the mechanical model assuming of elastic-perfectly plastic metal behavior in accordance with the classical metal plasticity theory. The commercial code ANSYS 14 is used in Thermo mechanical modeling of FSW of aluminum 6063. Heat input from the tool shoulder and the tool pin are considered in the FEA model. A moving heat source with a heat distribution simulating the heat generated from the friction between the tool holder and the work piece is used in the heat transfer analysis.

Read More...