Facial emotions are the powerful, natural and immediate means of nonverbal communication for humans. There are six basic emotions which are anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Automatic emotion recognition is interesting and challenging and has applications in areas like artificial intelligence, computer vision etc. Emotions can be recognized using different modalities like facial expressions, body movements, gestures or speech. To extract facial features from an image geometric feature-based and appearance based methods can be used. For the emotion recognition purpose various machine learning algorithms have been already applied e.g. SVM, decision trees, linear discriminant analysis, Bayesian networks, naive Bayes, neural networks. For the effective emotion recognition for real-life applications a combination of adaptive classifiers can be used. For speech, the prosody-pitch, intensity and duration- carry information related to emotions. This paper presents a review on various automatic emotion recognition techniques which uses one of the modalities like facial expressions, brain activities or speech.

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There exists many idle resources in the network which can be used to accomplish huge tasks. In this paper, we focus on those idle computational resources especially in mobile social networks (MSNs). Based on the unique features of MSN, open-crowdsourcing is introduced. In the proposed system, a large work is divided into smaller modules, and is distributed among the nodes. Still the partition of work segment is a critical problem. The lack of global information, leads to unbalanced workload distribution on participating nodes. In this paper, we find that, for a work at different processing stages, one should adopt distinct workload exchanging schemes. Based on this observation, we propose an adaptive workload allocation scheme. This approach improves the system throughput and reduces the completion time of the task. In addition to traditional scheduling parameters, we consider a human’s rejection, contact delay, and social similarity.

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the current way of teaching and learning process involves asking queries and solving those doubts inside the four walls of the classroom. The students who have any questions at that moment can ask the teachers. Other students and the teacher answers them. But there might come a situation when the student has some sort of query or doubt outside the classroom like at home while revising or studying. Few students might even be shy to ask any doubts in the class. Thus, their doubts might remain unsolved. In this project, we are developing an android based application for the students and teachers, where any student can ask any sort of doubt, question or query. Those questions can be answered by the other students as well as the teachers. Thus, our app would serve as a platform for quality education by providing an interactive Interface for the doubt solving and gaining abundant knowledge. This paper discusses the analysis of student and teachers interaction in an online asynchronous discussion forum.

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This state of art review represents the development in the field of utilization of foundry sand and Copper slag in cementations concrete. The paper reviews the utilization of Copper slag and foundry sand as the concrete constituent and the noticeable and important findings from the experimental works of various researchers. After a careful study, authors to integrate all the important results for streamlining the potential of this area of research. Based upon historical development on the individual material either copper slag or foundry sand is found as replacement of fine aggregate. The availability of copper slag and Foundry sand is large and causes lots of disposal problems. Even the use of river sand is banned in many of areas across India because of river depletion, so copper slag and foundry sand may be an effective option as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. The paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like Compressive strength. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in strength of the conventional cementitious concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with used foundry sand in different proportions. The best result obtained in present research for compressive strength of concrete are for 50-60% replacement of fine aggregate.

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Service robots are intelligent and helpful agents. They decrease the workload of human being and indirectly improve human life style. This project proposes an autonomous robotic system for a highly securable and reliable object transfer arrangement in a building. Assume a building with a central office as the object/file sender. An ARM based microcontroller LPC2148 is the microcontroller used here. It controls and co-ordinates all the process in a very effective & fast, real time way by its 32 bit programmed core. The microcontroller is programmed with a path algorithm from central office to each and every room in that building. This robot is provided by a mechanical lock arrangement for the secure transfer of objects. The receiver will be able to get the object when the correct RFID card is shown. A GSM modem is used to inform the sender and receiver before and after transaction.

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The smart home techonology is increasing day by day with an advanced technology in wireless communication. The user can control appliances easily by his smartphone via bluetooth. The designing of smart switch with low cost becomes essential for smart home automation. This system is designed to assist and to provide support in order to fullfil the needs of elderly and disa-bled in home. This concept of smart home can improve the standard of living at home. This system uses bluetooth technolo-gy to provide for remote access from smart home. This technolo-gy can be used to provide a more safety control on the switches and they can be operated on low voltage. The advantage of this system is low cost, user friendly interface and easy installation. The low voltage switch eliminates the risk of dangerous electrical shock by wet hand.

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Investigation of a novel parameter that considerably enhances the performance of disk and Belt oil skimmers is introduced. During the operating of crude oil, the transportation of crude oil requires the adoption of safety measures in port terminals. At sea accidents are further serious cause of oil pouring and cause of pollution. By careful optimization of the angle between the plane of the disk and the vertical plane, hence the efficiency of a conventional disk oil skimmer get doubled and this parameter is same as in belt oil skimmer. Therefore, this is particularly significant as it requires only a minimum effort to modify existing disk and belt skimmers. Results revealed in the presence of a minimum immersed area required for the offset angle to be effective. Around 80rpm optimum rotational speed was found, regardless of the design or operating parameters applied. The belt and disk skimmer will allowed the recovery of a high percentage of hydrocarbon in comparison to the traditional oil skimmers. The study of largest disk diameter , belt width and the oil film thickness of 20mm, obtaining the maximum improvement of 204% in oil recovery rate.

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Rail network being the second largest in our nation, India and so train collision is one of the major concerns. More than 85 train accidents happened from 1980 to 2011 in India. In last two years itself more than 27 train accidents happened in India. To avoid this, we need reliable train collision avoidance system which is economical. This paper presents the development of a system to avoid train collision and derailment by reduction of speed using RFID (Radio frequency identification) and ZigBee. Track monitoring mechanism uses microcontroller and provides the required features to the system.

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As more and more charities and libraries move to cloud services, this technology is no longer novel; it's becoming the dominant paradigm in IT. A cloud storage facility is a need of an hour as it facilitates elasticity–so resource allocation can get bigger or smaller depending on a users’ demand, Elasticity enables scalability–so that the cloud can scale up when demand is high and down for less demand (e.g. allows for scale when an application in the cloud adds users, etc.), Resource Pooling, On Demand, Self-Service Provisioning i.e client can request desire service from cloud vendor and 24*7 service i.e high availability at cheapest price .But the key hindrance come when we need high availability;as it needed to create plenty of copies of single file and at different geography .To attain high consistency more money is needed. In this paper, we have presented unique, innovative, efficient and effective consistency as a service (CaaS) model, which consists of a various large capacity data clouds and small audit clouds .Data clouds are used to store clients actual data offered by Cloud vendors like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, etc .and Audit cloud are used to check consistency of cloud is maintained accurately or not. At the last we have applied traditional approach to audit purpose i.e Heuristic Auditing Strategy which uses 2 algorithm viz Local and Global Auditing Strategy. Loosely synchronized clock is needed to audit purpose. Heuristic Auditing Strategy is used to find violations in consistency terms i.e. document is modified or safe.

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Enhanced use of diesel fuel, the source of diesel is decreasing rapidly. Due to over exploitation of fossil fuels, the environmental pollution has been increasing strenuously. According to the pollution and over exploitation of diesel fuel, have to move on alternative energy resources. That should be environment friendly and less pollutant. In this work we have selected linseed oil biodiesel is a fuel for Direct injection diesel engine instead of diesel fuel. Linseed oil produces high yield of methyl ester than other non-edible oils. And the performance test showed that B25 blend gives similar results of diesel.

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in this paper, the concept of mobile cloud computing in regard with the education system is explained. From last several years, Information Technology has changed the human life to another dimension. The major contribution can be given to the introduction of the concept of cloud computing. Basically Cloud computing is an internet based computing service. These services are utilized for working on the immense data stored over the internet. Rather than just storing the data these services can also be used for communication and various other activities. Taking into picture the scenario of the most popular handheld device i.e. the mobile phones, it is considered as the most effective and convenient method of wireless communication. As moving forward with this advance and techno savvy world we can make the best use of mobile and cloud to make great changes in the educational system. Due to the rapid growth of educational institutions all over the world there is a need of developing cloud architecture which can help storing and processing large data produced by these institutions. The solution for storing the educational data into more systematic manner is Mobile Cloud Computing and it can be reached out easily to all kind of people in all regions regardless of any time and place constraint, this can raise the quality of education system to a new level.

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Most of the energy demand is fulfilled by fossil fuels in the world. Also these fuels are responsible for the rise in the amount of pollutants in the air which includes CO, HC and NOx. Different researches are carried out to obtain an alternate source of fuel which can replace the current fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel and biodiesel rise as an alternative. Due to limitation of hydrogen fuel, it’s not practically possible till date to be used as fuels in automobiles. Biodiesel is one such alternative which can be used as a fuel and can reduce the pollutants emission to a certain extent. This paper contains the researches which were carried out in the field of biodiesel and its different blends to find out the feasibility of using it to obtain the desire results.

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A MANET is an infrastructure less network, which consists of number of mobile nodes with wireless network interfaces. In MANET the communication among the nodes will be in such a way that the nodes dynamically establish path among one another. The popularity of these kinds of networks created security challenges as an important issue. The nature and structure of such networks makes it attractive to various types of attackers. This paper focuses on the spoofing attack which takes the largest probability of occurrence in the ad-hoc networks. We have tried to resolve this issue using Diffie -Hellman technique and also the time and power is shown efficiently by implementing Elliptical Cryptography Curve (ECC) method. The protocol used in this paper for resolving the above issues is Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) based routing mechanism. The simulation results are provided which indicates the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput, energy and delay.

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Nanofluids are latent heat transfer fluids with superior thermo physical properties and heat transfer performance can be applied in many devices for better performances. Basically the nanofluid is prepared from nano particles of metal ranging from size (1-100nm) mixed with base fluid for heat transfer enhancement. This work explored a review about used of nanofluid for various heat transfer devices.

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This paper discusses a comparative study of three coding techniques in optical CDMA. Likes wireless CDMA in optical CDMA also each user is assigned with a unique signature sequence called code word. MUI is the main reason for system degradation in optical CDMA. The coding can be done on either amplitude called spectral amplitude coding optical CDMA (SAC-OCDMA) or in phase called spectral phase coding optical CDMA (SPC-OCDMA) or in frequency called frequency encoded optical CDMA (FE-OCDMA), comparative study of these coding techniques are carried out here. The effect of MUI ,PIIN and other noises on system performance are different for each coding technique.

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Permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBLDC) find wide applications in industries due to their high power density and ease of control. These motors are generally controlled using a three phase power semiconductor bridge. For starting and the providing proper commutation sequence to turn on the power devices in the inverter bridge the rotor position sensors required. Based on the rotor position, the power devices are commutated sequentially every 60 degrees. To achieve desired level of performance the motor requires suitable speed controllers. Brushless dc (BLDC) motor drives are continually gaining popularity in motion control applications. Therefore, it is necessary to have a low cost, but effective BLDC motor speed/torque regulator. They are used in Residential and commercial appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioning systems with conventional motor drive technology. A Brushless DC (BLDC) drives are known for higher efficiency and lower maintenance. This paper presents a “Modelling and performance analysis of PID controlled BLDC motor and different schemes of PWM controlled BLDC motor”. This paper presents simple open loop response of speed, torque, stator current, back emf and verified the operation of BLDC motor.

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A gift card is a restricted monetary equivalent or scrip that is issued by retailers or banks to be used as an alternative to a non-monetary gift. Most of the gift cards issued by retailers are in paper form. Some of the e-commerce providers issue electronic gift cards. However, separate gift cards are issued by different retailers. It becomes cumbersome to manage all the gift cards. This paper proposes a solution for easy management of the gift cards with a single point of contact for user. A digital Gift Card Wallet would allow users to buy and save gift cards of multiple retailers.

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This paper presents the concept of enabling communication between a visitor at the door of a house and its owner in a situation when the owner is not available at home. There are no smart and convenient ways, at present, for the the owner to be notified about the presence of a visitor at his/her door. The world of ‘Internet of Things’ with Raspberry pi at its core allows a fascinating scope to ensure the same. Embedding a standard household doorbell into IOT and GSM network, the system provides a set of features which ensure that no visitor is left unattended or goes unnoticed by the owner of the house in cases when he or she is at work, out of station or just taking a nap on a lazy afternoon. As smarter living is at the core of this project, the system also recognizes and distinguishes the user’s family and friends and therefore does not bother the user with any unrequired notifications.

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Virtualization is a technology, it is a way to achieve optimum resource utilization for the hardware to achieve cloud computing. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the dynamic resource allocation technique in the cloud and the problem of Dynamic Migration of Virtual Machines (DM-VM) is investigated. We implemented a new BGM-BLA (Binary Graph Matching –based Bucket code Learning Algorithm) algorithm for DM-VM problem, this dynamic migration of VM provides a method to distribute physical resource more reasonably without suspending the services. Therefore the energy consumption, load balancing and operation cost is reduced. We also implemented a cache mechanism in order to avoid replicating request to the server using this technique can achieve the Green Computing.

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In this review paper different types of Filter circuits using current differencing buffered amplifier has been studied. The circuits of the filters have been shown in the figures. CDBA plays an important role in the analog circuit designing. All the simulations have been performed on SPICE tool.

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In order to achieve data transmission without InterCarrier Interference (ICI) the Constant Envelop Minimum Shift Keying Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CE-MSK-OFDM) technique is proposed in this paper. The amplitude doesn’t vary during modulation in the carrier wave so it maintains Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR) and using Minimum Shift Keying can produce Constant Envelop(CE) due to its smooth phase transitions. The conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system capable of counteracting fiber nonlinearity, excellent resistance to chromatic dispersion and reduce PAPR. Normally, OFDM uses Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation technique it decrease PAPR but when there is a abrupt amplitude variations the higher order terms of phase modulated signal, then the data will spread over multiple subcarrier results in inducing a large ICI. In QPSK, the modulated signal cannot be of continuous phase and it provides slow roll off side lobe spectrum which decays asymptotically. The concept proposed here attenuate the downside of Constant Envelop Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CE-QPSK-OFDM).

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Internet has converted a world into a global village. With the popularization of internet, online shopping has become a new and unique trend. Searching products is the most basic use of internet uses. But, Searching products manually is time consuming and not always convenient. The project aims at providing an electronic medium to search products and provide those products to customers via respective vendors. It will enable the user to search for a particular product, service in his/her area and then allow to book it and Make the Payment accordingly. The app provides a platform for any user, who has to search for particular product that is needed day to day life. This shall be accomplished by developing a web app utility that incorporates the leading web technologies of today.

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Automated toll collection is a system where toll is collected automatically at toll booths. RFID tag is used for the identification. Every vehicle will hold a unique identification number called as RFID tag. This identification number will be assigned by RTO or traffic governing authority. The automated toll collection system will be storing the information regarding the vehicle and the vehicle owner. The information about the amount he has paid will also be stored in the system. Radio frequency is used for the identification of the code. Reader will be placed at the toll booths and whenever the vehicle will pass the toll booth the amount will be deducted automatically from his prepaid account. This is the technology where collection of payments will be possible electronically. The advantage of this system is that it is possible to determine if the vehicle is registered or not, if not then the information will be provided to the authorities of toll payment. The most important advantage of this technology is to reduce the congestion at toll booths especially during the festivals seasons as vehicles need not to be stop and pay the toll. This technology is also about the time saving. This method is also useful to curb the complaints from the vehicle owners regarding the corruption involved manually at toll booths.

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Optical communication finds lot of new technology for the processing of signals by using optical fibers. Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a branch of optical communication, which finds application in many communication systems. It has a bright future in communication because of its speed, efficiency, security and unlimited band width. The major advantage of OCDMA is its effective utilization of bandwidth as well as the multiuser communication capabilities. OCDMA requires spectral amplitude coding (SAC) to eliminate multiuser interference and also suppress the effect of phase induce intensity noise (PIIN) with fixed in phase cross-correlation. From past few decades work is going on rapidly for the generation and implementation of new SAC so that the problems of multiuser interference and different type’s attenuation and noises can be eliminated. There are many codes available which has their own reliability and advantages over the other. This paper presents a review on various codes on SAC OCDMA system which can be efficiently used in optical communications.

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Humans have spatial as well as temporal memory. Our visual sensors perceive the data and transmit it over neurons so that we could remember it. Although what we perceive has some memory bound and happen to obliterate over time. We often distinguish a person by his/her features. As our glance projects to human face, we separate people by genders, eyes, expressions, facial muscles etc. A system, thus, can be implemented to recognize people from one another. The image sent to the system is human face and hence driven through series of tests consisting threshold calculation, histogram plotting, error introduction. The proposed system increases the efficiency to get the information of a human face whose record is already available. The image then compared with the one stored in database and hence described upon the suitable match. Such system with an inclination towards higher accuracy may yield great opportunities in the yield of criminal detection, airport security system, face recognition vaults, attendance system.

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