The Reversible logic synthesis technique is most important part of the long-term future of computing due to its low power dissipating characteristic. In recent years, reversible logic circuits have attracted considerable attention in improving some fields like nanotechnology, quantum computing, cryptography, optical computing and low power design of circuits due to its low power dissipating characteristic. In this paper we proposed the design of 3-bit Gray Code counter which uses reversible gates and derived quantum cost, constant inputs, garbage output and number of gates to implement it.

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Criminals and victims verification is always an important task in police investigation and forensic evaluation. Blood samples, Finger Marks, DNA, dental records, tattoos, face images and face sketches are used constantly by enforcement laws agents in the world. But they cannot handle the cases, where only images describing crime scene samples are available nowadays verifying criminals and victims in images (e.g., child pornography and masked gunmen) can be a difficult work, especially when even their faces or any mark are observable. The Skin mark patterns and blood vessel patterns are just proposed to address this problem. However, they are invisible in low-resolution images and dense androgenic hairs can cover them completely. Results of medical research have implied that androgenic hair patterns are a stable biometric trait and have ability to overcome the problems of skin mark patterns and blood vessel patterns. To the best of our knowledge, no one has worked before on androgenic hair patterns for criminal and victim identification. This paper aims to study performance of matching of androgenic hair patterns in low resolution images.

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This paper prefaces the idea of intuitionistic fuzzy dominance matrix. Dominance plays a vital role in decision making problems. It gives the optimal solution. In this paper, IFDM has been used to identify the most affected child in a particular family when the family members pamper them.

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The report discusses the implementation of Near Field Communication (NFC) [1] as a wireless communication technology between wearable things and mobile phones. The main focus of this report is that the style associate degree application of NFC rings as passive tags for easy and quick interaction between a user with wearable item and NFC enabled sensible phone With the increasing growth and applications of NFC, vendors have embedded NFC tags in numerous things for simple access to users together with key-chains, wallets, pens, stickers and even garments. We are going to examine the utilization of wearable rings as passive NFC tags and discuss thoroughly the planning parameters of NFC antenna utilized in the method. Our study won't solely embrace the analysis of NFC tags in little rounded wearable things like rings however can propose the ways in which during which wireless communication between these wearable things and active tags may be improved once communication is formed at varied angles.

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In the today situation, where parking of four wheeler vehicle is very severe problem in urban region for offices and malls. As it takes lot of time is taking to search for free space in urban areas, as the no of vehicles are increasing day by day and making difficult for the public. In this paper, the basic multi-level car parking system with three floors is considered to show the use of control systems in parking systems. The control system will play a major role in organizing the entry to and exit from the parking lots. It also presents the design of multi-level parking lots which occupies less need on the ground and contains the large number of cars.

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Previously there used to be two types of meters which were namely the 1) Dial type and the 2) Digital type. The dial type meters became outdated and the digital meters were widely implemented by all electricity operators as they were more accurate and efficient. Now these digital meters register electricity utilization in terms of (kWh). The current technique of meter reading is a person from electricity operator who visits housing premises and manually reads the meters which becomes very hectic sometimes. This requires large amount of hardwork, labour operators and long working hours to accomplish data reading and billing of the entire area. The reading systems which are controlled by human billing employees can cause error and moreover meters placed in remote locations are not easy to reach. The condition of such systems becomes even worse sometimes due to weather conditions. With an objective to achieve efficient meter reading, reduce billing error and operation costs, Automatic Multiple Meter Reading System (AMMRS) plays a very important role to address the above mentioned problems. AMMRS is an effective mean of data collection that allow considerable saving through the reduction of meter re-read, greater data accuracy, allow frequent reading, improved billing and customer service, more timely energy profiles and consumption trends updates and better deployment of human resources.

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Soil Compaction is the fundamental requirement for the construction of earth fill for dams; reservoirs canal embankments, highway, railways and runways. The relationship between soil moisture contains and compacted dry density is very useful for deciding construction, specification and quality control of compacted earth fill. While designing a soil fill is evaluated by testing soil specimen compacted to the density as would be achieved during construction quality control is essentially required to check the density of compacted soil achieved in the field, by checking its strength. The working model which we have fabricated is totally based on the mechanism that compacts soil. It is designed in such a way that it will solve soil testing problem at a very low cost. The working principle of the model is very simple it is not too heavy and can be manually driven by just a single man the soil compaction machine is a new innovative concept is mainly used to save power. In this concept we have designed a soil compaction machine. It is used to testing the soil without using electric power. Now days testing of soil are very easy by using the electric power systems like automatic machine but these machines are very costly. Compaction machines apply forces to increase soil density. Some equipment applies only static forces, which include pressure and kneading produced only by the dead weight and configuration of the machine itself. Such static forces affect only the top layers of material, and their impact is felt only to a limited depth. Other equipment also applies the dynamic forces of vibration or impact to increase its compactive effect. These machines use a mechanism, usually, to add a downward rack and pinion force beyond the machine’s static weight.

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Turning is the course of action in which a single point cutting tool removes needless material from the surface of a spinning cylindrical work piece This review paper discuss development in literature on optimisation of process parameters in turning action by studying the influence of different process parameters. The purpose of turning operation is to bring into being low surface roughness of the parts. There are three parameter which are studied, namely fee , depth of cut and spindle speed for the optimization and minimization of the surface roughness. To optimize the process parameters it’s needed to determine which parameters are most important for required output because these quality features are highly linked and are expected to be subjective directly or in some way by the direct effect of process parameters. Optimization of surface roughness of turning is a multi-factor, multi objective optimization problem.

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Android based training and placement automation for campus drive is a System, which automates training and placement activities and provides opportunities to the students, who are eligible according to the company criteria and makes easy the process of managing information regarding students and companies automatically. This system focuses on the automation of the training and placement cell and profile matching. Collecting the resumes, providing notifications about various job openings to the students according to the eligibility and company criteria, managing and inviting the companies for the campus recruitment, classifying the data from the resume submitted by students and creating the recruitment metrics, Observing and controlling the progress of the selection process and communicating with different eligible candidates via SMS or email notification.

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The piston cylinder assembly is extensively used in different applications including reciprocating pumps, Compressors, Reciprocating actuators and engines of vehicles. The most frequently encountered problem is generally arises with this all above equipment’s are damage occurs of piston or cylinder. Because of such a kind of damage engine life, pump life, actuators life or compressor life becomes shorter and also sometimes premature failure of piston-cylinder is noticed. Due to these engine or pump will not able to work for long time period. In this paper represented the solution of avoiding likewise problem for piston-cylinder assembly, reduces the chances of premature failure of parts and improve working life cycle of engine, compressors and pumps. One of the most widely used mechanism in hydraulic system named as cushioning mechanism provide the solution of above cases. This type of mechanism is provided at the end of piston and cylinder where hammer blow is generated during the working motion. With the help of cushioning mechanism piston speed is to be reduced at the end of each stroke. At the end result piston make contact with cylinder comparatively very low speed. Speed reduction at the end of stroke of piston, which can reduce the thrust force, which is generated on the cylinder reduced as well. In this paper represent the end portion of piston and cylinder is displayed for improving working life cycle of piston and cylinder assembly. In addition with this mechanism reduction in vibration during end of stroke is also to be achieved.

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HDPE is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. This is used in lorry bags, underground HDPE pipe and fuel tank of airspace body. It is a stable material due to its carbon-carbon bond, causing their slow degradation. In this experimental study, two different specimens one with UV stabilized HDPE grade and non UV stabilized HDPE grade. Here we are doing experimental study of HDPE pipe which is used in network line pipe and drain pipe. Now these HDPE samples are exposed to UV-Weathering acceleration at different exposure times, 7, 15, 21, 48 and 96 days, during this period their thermal properties, mechanical properties and life time prediction were evaluated. We are doing tensile and impact tests on both HDPE, before UV and after UV. After this test we observe that the properties of stabilized HDPE and non-stabilized HDPE at the same exposure time. In this experimental study we are only comparing the properties between two different HDPE grades. This study is being conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties under varying time but at a single constant temperature in QUV accelerated weathering machine. This experimental study is being done to describe the degradation of HDPE and life time prediction under estimated time.

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The present study reports a novel green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using environmentally benign reducing agent (ascorbic acid) and identifies their main physical and optical properties. The stabilization of Silver nanoparticles was done with capping agents like starch and gelatin. The pH of the solution was adjusted to alkaline. Heating was done using a kitchen microwave .Formation of Silver Nanoparticles was indicated by change in color which is supported by the UV absorption at 570nm. Their structural and optical properties were reported. The characterization of Nanoparticles was done by TEM and XRD. In addition to the X-ray diffraction investigations and infrared spectroscopies confirmed the single phase of the copper nanoparticles. Optical studies were carried out by depositing silver nanoparticles on glass substrate using spin coating technique. The optical properties depend upon absorption of radiations which in turn depends upon ratio of electrons and holes present in the material and also on the shape of the nanoparticles. In the present investigation it was observed that optical absorption increases with increase thickness of the film which in turn depend upon speed of spin rotor and amount of silver sol added. The optical band gap for the Nanoparticles was obtained from plots between hv vs. (αhv)2 and hv vs. (αhv)1/2.The value of Band gap came out to be around 4.2 eV which is in close agreement with the earlier reported values.

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The existing multimedia software in e-learning does not provide par excellence multimedia data service to the common user; hence e-learning services are still short of intelligence and sophisticated end user tools for visualization and retrieval. Delivery of video in the presence of bandwidth constraints is one of the most important video processing problems. The work presents an innovative and complete end-to-end solution for e-learning multimedia delivery package for the client-server model. An efficient approach has been proposed to achieve content based embedded scalable motion compensated video compression, for the e-learning videos, to save and/or efficiently utilize the network bandwidth. The serious bottleneck in multimedia e-learning is the non-availability of required bandwidth. While much research has been done on multimedia compression and network resource optimization, multimedia delivery is still a big concern especially for scarce resource networks. The virtues of network aware video coding and application of domain specific compression techniques have not yet been fully explored. This work deals with the issue of intelligent transmission of important segments of the video sequence over scarce resource networks. We incorporate the knowledge of the network conditions to determine how various parts of the video frames are encoded. An estimate of the available network bandwidth is obtained which is then distributed optimally between the different frame constituents based on their relative importance and motion by the bandwidth allocation module. We have devised a simple approach to classify the videos into visual objects and used Discrete Wavelet Transform based Color Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (CEZW) coding to obtain a scalable bitstream that provides dynamic response to changing network conditions. The above approach helps to reach an optimal trade off between perceptual quality of the video and the available network bandwidth. The results are compared with the state of the art compression and transmission schemes over the network to illustrate the superior performance of our approach.

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In real world Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis are two medical applications pose a great challenge to the researchers. There are many scientific technologies that has rich information in taking medical decisions but that might not be accurate and properly used to its potential. The use of machine learning and data mining techniques has revolutionized the whole process of breast cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. The objective of these predictions is to assign patients to either as “benign” group that is noncancerous or a ”malignant” group that is cancerous. In the existing system it is been summarized with different types of data mining algorithms in order to obtain good mortality rate Strong and sophisticated algorithms like Bagging Logistic Regression ,Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, Decision tree and Artificial Neural Networks have been used and concluded that there was not a single best algorithm depending on the features of the large dataset, it was also a challenge for single-node tools with limited memory and computing power. In proposed system the main goal is to identify the sample observation as malignant or not. And it visualize the data by their exact attributes through logistic regression analysis which improves performance through intelligent optimizations and also to achieve single node analysis through spark framework. Spark not only raises processing speed and real-time performance but also achieves high fault tolerance and high scalability based on in-memory computing.

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Gears are most critical elements in mechanical systems. Gears are typically used for short distance power transmission and the effectiveness of transmission is very high as related to other types of transmissions. Today’s competitive market has brought increasing awareness to optimize the gear design. design optimization of gear pairs is difficult to solve because it includes various objectives and high number of variables. Therefore, to solve such difficulty robust optimization technique will be useful to develop optimal solution. The optimization of helical gear pair to gives results that can be applied in practice. Also results can benefit the creators to employ for a least material and cost by fulling design accuracy and other performance requirements.

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The donation of food that continues to be edible will be seen as a selected application of urban mining as food is recovered for its original purpose - human intake. There are many projects enforced worldwide however owing to an absence of information, scientific literature concerning the subject is rare. This paper summaries in brief the evolution of food donation activities and offers a medium that connects donors with NGOs. An idea for a food donation network is presented and impact on society through this medium is mentioned.

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Cloud computing technology is widely recycled so that the data can be subcontracted on cloud can retrieved easily. Different members can segment that data through dissimilar virtual machines but present on single physical machine. But the thing is user don’t have physical mechanism over the outsourced data. The need is to share data firmly among users. The cloud service provider and users substantiation is necessary to make sure no loss or outflow of users data. Privacy protective in cloud is significant make sure the users uniqueness is not revealed to everybody. On cloud anyone can share facts as much they want to i.e. only selected content can be shared. Cryptography helps the data proprietor to share the data to in safe way. So user encodes data and uploads on server. Different encryption and decryption keys are produced for dissimilar data. The encryption and decryption keys may be different for dissimilar set of data. Only those set of decryption keys are shared that the designated data can be decrypted. Here a public-key cryptosystems which generate a cipher text which is of constant size. So that to transfer the decryption rules for quantity of cipher text. The difference is one can assemble a set of secret keys and make them as small size as a single key with allotment the same ability of all the keys that are formed in a group. This compact combined key can be efficiently sent to others or to be stored in a keen card with little secure storing.

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At present air conditioning system is working with the principle of vapor compression system. The efficiency of the air conditioning is measured with the term Coefficient of Performance. To improve the Coefficient of Performance of the vapor compression system during winter season, a solar assisted air conditioning unit is studied. In this system the refrigerant is heated after the compressor unit, using an evacuated tube collector with a hot water storage tank. Due to this effect more amount of heat will be released at the condenser for the same work input. This rejected heat is used to increase the heat added to the conditioned space without affecting the work input of the cycle during the winter conditions. Finally, experimental investigation will be made for finding the COP of the air conditioning system for winter applications.

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Database system is the prerequisite for day-to-day business that hold a lot many sensitive Information. From this time database management and its security becomes essential as the measure of database is growing. A suggested approach for protecting information which is access control policies based on subject and object and their characteristics. Access control models that limit the activities of legitimate users. Access control model outlines which who can perform which operations on which data. Mandatory, Discretionary, and Role based access control model and there alternative help to maintain the database security that include confidentiality, Integrity, availability.

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Our Thesis paper is on “Online Plant Analysis” determines essential nutrient concentrations in sampled plant tissues. It complements a proven soil testing plan and helps identify ways to use nutrients more efficiently. Unseen nutrient imbalances or toxicities can be identified, as well. It also measures the efficacy of fertilization and nutrient programs, as well as the levels of nutrients such as, copper, iron, sulfur and others not observed in routine soil tests. Plant nutrient levels vary depending on the stage of maturity, the part(s) sampled, hybrid or variety and environmental conditions. Sampling earlier in the season identifies deficiencies in time to make corrective nutrient applications, if needed, to help reach yield goals and manage economic risks. In addition, plant tissue analysis is a proven diagnostic tool to help compare nutritional variances between normal and abnormal sections of fields. No matter the crop, plant tissue analysis is worthwhile to help determine nutrient needs. As crop values continue to rise, tools such as this and soil sampling are essential to fiscal and yield success. Balancing conservation practices, input use, and tillage to achieve optimum yield and plant nutrition are approached using a holistic point of view. The aim of the project is to facilitate user around the globe to provide method to test nutrient in the plant by analyzing plants leaf. This website concentrates on the plant health. This website allows user to measure the nutritional requirements of a plant, based on the color, texture, climate, soil etc. of the particular plant. It will guide user how to maintain the nutritional balance in the soil for optimal plant growth & high yields. Also this website can be modified and upgraded in better way for future use where people can use this software as an advanced guide to their farm, garden & vegetative production. Knowledge of nutrient concentration in growing plants can serve as a tool for correcting any deficiencies where carried out early enough to safeguard yield. The nutrient uptake by a healthy crop, which has attained its growth and yield potential, is taken as the effective requirement for the crop.

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Every fast food has counter where you can place your order and then make the payment. So every fast food needs an employee for taking the order and processing the payment. Labor rates are increasing e now and then and it is difficult to find employees in the middle of the highway, hence to solve this problem we plan to design a “food ordering management system”. At present, IT sector has been brought to a number of businesses in order to make the operation more convenient or add to their values. Restaurant management can be more efficient with the help of technology. Both the owner and the customer will find it more advantageous and hence values will be added from the good impression and the efficient administration and management of the entrepreneurs. In addition, with the advent of food consumption problems nowadays, such as overeating and obesity, or even the problem of food expenses; this program will answer the questions by showing the details of food of each meal like nutritional values and expenses.

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The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A brake disc (or rotor), usually made of cast iron or ceramic composites (including carbon, Kevlar and silica), is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted on a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. This condition of failure is known as brake fade. Disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses during routine braking and extraordinary thermal stresses during hard braking. The aim of the project is to model a disc brake used in Honda Civic. Structural and Thermal is done on the disc brake. The materials used are Stainless Steel, Cast Iron and Aluminum Alloy. “Analysis is also done by changing the design of disc brake. Actual disc brake has no holes; design is changed by giving holes in the disc brake for more heat dissipation.” Modeling is done in Pro/Engineer and analysis is done in Ansys.

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Connecting rod is the intermediate link between the piston and the crank. It is responsible to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the crank. The main idea of this study is to do analysis of connecting rod and get idea of stress producing during compressive and tensile loading. Later it gives idea about weight reduction opportunities for a production steel connecting rod. This has entailed performing a detailed load analysis. Therefore, this study contain two subjects, first, load and stress analysis of the connecting rod, and second, optimization for weight reduction. In the first part of the study, loads acting on the connecting rod and find out stresses. In second part the existing design is optimized and mass reduction is achieved.

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Tremendous amount of waste is being produced with the rapid increase in population and industrialization. Collection, segregation, transportation and disposal of this waste is a chaotic process. Disposal of untreated waste into water bodies or huge landfills and incinerating of waste can lead to severe environmental degradation such as water contaminated water, unhealthy soils and polluted air. Hence proper waste management is the need of the hour for the ecological sustainable development of many countries. The generated waste gets economic value only if it is segregated in an efficient manner. The waste can be sorted into dry, wet and metallic waste. The dry and metallic waste can be recycled and reused whereas the wet waste which includes biodegradable organic waste can be used to form compost. This paper proposes an easy way to detect wet waste using a moisture sensor from a set of waste which does not include metallic waste. A moisture sensor has been used to sense the moisture contents of the waste; if the moisture content is above a preset threshold value then the waste is wet waste.

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ad-hoc network is infrastructure less self-configure network in which no two devices known their location or locality any new node enters or exit from network easily. That’s a big issue of security there are lots of work done regarding in this field but all have few issues so overcome these problem we proposed a weighted cluster based intrusion detection system to secure our network.

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