Now-a-days the demand of water to fulfill daily activities has grown rapidaly in residential areas due to increasing population. People utilize water for many purposes and consume them by different ways but they realize the importance of water only when it is not available. In small town areas the distribution of the water is not fixed. And there is variation in the bill amount of the water which is not depend on the use of the water. This problem of variation in consuming units arises due to water theft and leakage from pipelines. To overcome these issues we proposed a system which consists of flow monitoring system, automated water distribution system and billing system. Such an integrated system can be done with ARM controller by employing sensors such as flow sensor which measures the flow rate of the water and water theft and leakage are identified and the level of water measured with the help of level sensor. One of the major feature of the project is generating bills and updating status on mobile through GSM.

Read More...

Electrical power has become indispensable to human survival and progress. Apart from efforts to meet growing demand, automation in the energy distribution is also necessary to enhance people’s life standard. The present system of energy metering as well as billing which uses only electromechanical is error prone and it consumes more time and labor. And now a day’s electricity board faces a problem of revenue collection for the actual electric energy supplied owing to energy thefts and network losses. One of the prime reasons for above issues is the traditional billing system which is inaccurate many times, slow, costly, and lack in flexibility as well as reliability. This system presents a design of a single phase digital prepaid energy meter. It will be based on a micro controller and it can be either connects to the existing energy meter or can use as a separate module. The energy consumption can be calculated using output pulses of an energy usage detector module. A warning system is also introduces here to get know about the low account balance. A relay system can used which either isolates or establishes the connection between the electrical load and the supply mains depending upon the balance available in the Prepaid Electricity Meter. It will be efficient to collect revenue.

Read More...

Today's network faces problems over secure communication so various methods are developed to deal with problems. Previous Technique deals with the public key encryption with semantic security. In this technique the sender sends or uploads any file to the server with one keyword and at another end receiver downloads the file by searching the desired keyword but server is not able to reveal anything. Existing systems take searching time linear with the actual numbers of cipher texts. This makes difficult to retrieve the keywords from large scale database. To tackle with this problem we can implement the SPCHS but the pervious one doesn’t tackle with the content searching. In this paper we provide solution for this by implementing the SPCHS algorithm for content searching. The SPCHS generates the keyword searchable cipher texts so following same technique we are generating content searchable cipher texts with provision of search trapdoor which is corresponds to the content. In the generation of hidden structures we are applying the chain of content searchable cipher texts and this structure is useful to make search fast. In this technique the search complexity is linear with the actual queried content. While working with the SPCHS we are constructing it by using identity based encryption and collision free, full identity malleable and Identity Based Key Encapsulation Mechanism. Such type of content searching is very useful in case to filter the unwanted spam file or mails. Finally we present SPCHS algorithm for content searching and reporting the spam mail to the server.

Read More...

This work presents the results of a study on the nonlinear response of Reinforced concrete frame structures. A stress-strain curve is developed for concrete subjected to Lateral loading. This stress-strain curve shows the modulus of elasticity of concrete at different interval of loading, which also helps to determine the inelastic strain of concrete and also helps in calculate the deflection of the beam. The concrete section may contain any general type of steel. A single equation is used for the stress-strain equation. The model allows for cyclic loading and includes the effect of strain rate. The relationship between the stress and strain curve of reinforced sections is a very important parameter for nonlinear analysis of RC framed structure. A clear view of the strength structure can be obtained from this relationship. The moment-curvature relationship would enable us to observe the strength reduction beyond the peak point and degradation of the flexural rigidity. The present study focuses on the modulus of elasticity of rectangular beam section.

Read More...

In recent years, the range of sensing technologies is expanding rapidly, whereas sensor devices have become cheaper. This has led to a rapid expansion in condition monitoring systems, structures, vehicles, and machinery using sensors. Key factor is the recent advances in networking technologies such as wireless communication and mobile ad-hoc networking coupled with the technology to integrate devices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used for monitoring the railway tracks. Condition monitoring reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring. This reduces heavy maintenance through detecting faults before they escalate. This is vital for development, up-gradation, and expansion of railway networks. This paper describes the implementation of various models which shows how the hazardous accidents occur on railway tracks, and how it can be prevented using GSM protocol, micro-controller (Atmega328) and various sensors.

Read More...

Hybrid power generation becomes challenging one. Out of which solar based hybrid power generations are having emerging focus. Green energy and zero pollution are its advantages. In this work solar PV/T hybrid water collectors performance improvements methods are suggested. In addition variation in performance in comparison with existing system was discussed in detail. It is cleared that when both thermal and electrical components are exposed to equal radiation results in improved performance of solar PV/T system. Both thermal and electrical performances were plotted in the form of graph to have clear idea on improved efficiency.

Read More...

A network consisting of a number of autonomous mobiles nodes intended for data transmission and reception is called a mobile Ad-Hoc Network. The topology of mobile nodes continuously changes leading to need of an appropriate routing protocol that requires less control overhead and time delay incurred during transmission. Dynamic Source Routing protocol is an on-demand routing protocol that has lesser control overhead than table driven routing protocols. The paper presents an optimisation over conventional DSR during the route maintenance phase. The protocol avoids the backtracking of data packet to the source and thus, further reduces the control overhead and time delay incurred due to route failure. This improves the efficiency of the routing protocol whenever route failure occurs.

Read More...

Image denoising is one of the most important and well known challenges in Computer Vision, Image and video processing fields. The objective of denoising process is to obtain noise free image from the noise-contaminated version of original image. Noise can be intrinsic or extrinsic. There are many reasons for presence of noise in the image. For example like Extrinsic noise contains environment variable and intrinsic noise contains hardware part like sensor of cameras. Nose can’t be avoided so it can be filtered out from the processed image. There are various application areas lik Image Restoration, Image Registration, Image Segmentation, Image Classification and others where the role of image denoising is important. Different types of images inherit different types of noise and so for these different types of noises there are different noise models are used. Denoising method tends to be problem specific and depends upon the type of image and noise model. In medical imaging the filtering of images is first and fundamental step so that final image is better and can be further processed for other purposes. The aim of this paper is to implement and compare various medical image denoising techniques such as Bilateral Filter (BF), Fast Bilateral Filter (FBF) and Guided Filter for denoising the images. Performance Parameters used for evaluation of gray scale images are Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Absolute Error (NAE), Entropy, Mean Square Error (MSE), Correlation and Visual Quality.

Read More...

The demand of the electrical energy is increasing day by day. So there is a need of increasing the efficient management of generation, transmission, distribution of electrical energy. Due to this the traditional electrical power systems are changing rapidly. The use of power electronics is increasing day by day such as inverters. For the photovoltaic application, the transformer can be removed in the inverters. But these introduce the leakage currents in the system. This paper gives the review of various inverters topologies to reduce the leakage currents. Their significance, experimental results are analyzed.

Read More...

Bamboo is used as a construction material from earlier days of construction. It was used as reinforcement in rural area and as formwork also. Concrete is a brittle material so it cannot be used as a single material in construction due to its low tensile strength. In this study we tried to find out the properties of bamboos from the past studies. and from the past study we can find out the better way to improve strengths of bamboo as a reinforcement in concrete structures.

Read More...

Hybrid vehicles are playing an important role in the modern fast moving automobile age, but there are some problems acquired in the hybrid vehicles such as charging of batteries. Some alternative methods needs to be developed to keep the batteries full time charged and to avoid the need of any consumable external energy source to charge the batteries. There exist variety of energy harvesting techniques but mechanical harvesting happens to be the most prominent. This technique utilizes piezoelectric components where deformation produced by different means are directly converted to electric charge via piezoelectric effect , so the concept is to utilize the deformation or mechanical energy produced by ABS(Anti-lock Braking System) in vehicle . The motive is to obtain a pollution free energy source and to utilize and optimized the energy being wasted.

Read More...

In order to help the visually challenged people, we design a smart stick. Using this stick he/she can walk more confidently. The smart stick that alerts visually-impaired people for obstacles using different sensors are controlled through arduino controller. In this design arduino controller plays a major role and we are using various sensors i.e. Ultrasonic sensor, Smock sensor, Water sensor, temperature sensor for efficient work of smart stick. As any of the obstacle detected respective sensor get activated and the according to specific obstacle different sound pattern is generated through buzzer. Thus blind person can identify specific obstacle and according to situation he/she can tack precaution while travel from one place to another.

Read More...

We generally use our own personnel computers to store files. Huge amount of data can be stored on HDD. But our PC is subject to failure. Data on HDD can be lost and sometimes it may be impossible to recover it. So nowadays a concept called Cloud Storage has become popular to store files. In this service companies called Google Drive, DropBox, DriveHQ provide space on remote server. On cloud we can store and share files. In cloud, there is Third Party Auditor (TPA) which perform auditing of shared files. While auditing, it may happen that some data will be visible to TPA, the TPA may misuse it. In this paper, we proposed a system that will assign rights of TPA to the user who shares the file. This will reduce the significance of TPA form the existing system.

Read More...

Energy saving is considered to be as the important issue which affects the consumers, the global environment and quality. The demand of high energy by air conditioning, home appliances and lighting used in our homes becomes as a critical area for energy consumption. The smart homes are good choice for individuals as it not only secures our homes, but also provides comfort and saves energy as well. In this paper we discuss about smart energy home which we manage with the help of sensors and microcontrollers. It not only minimizes the waste of energy but easily adapts according to the users need. This scenario is easily followed in our daily routine. In this we use IR sensors which we use to check the number of people entering in our house which is indicated by LED controlled by microcontroller. A temperature sensor is also used according to which fan, air conditioner, lights will work according to the number of persons present in the room. This automatic system helps to save energy.

Read More...

Facial expressions play an important role in human communication. In this paper we implements facial expression recognition techniques using Principal Component analysis (PCA). Facial expression can be classified into some discreet classes (like happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, anger and surprise) whereas absence of any expression is the “Neutral” expression. Intensity of a particular expression can be identified by the level of its “Dissimilarity” from the Neutral expression.

Read More...

A hybrid antenna is presented, consisting cylindrical ring DRA (CRD) and cone ring resonator (CRR) shape of DRA is combing with Quarter wave loaded antenna produced ultra-wideband response. Proposed Design of CRD (antenna 1) with loaded monopole antenna achieves 96.62% of impedance bandwidth. Modify the shape of DRA with making cone on top of cylindrical DRA. Proposed Design of CRR (antenna 2) with loaded monopole antenna achieves 112% of impedance bandwidth, which provide UWB response.

Read More...

The scope of this paper is to present the initial steps in implementation of smart traffic light signal that provides a complete solution to manage current traffic problems effectively using sensor and microcontrollers. This project not only just controls the timer of light signal by measuring the density of traffic but also prevents illegal jumping of traffic light. Special emergency vehicles like ambulance etc. are given special privilage to make their movement smoother in traffic.

Read More...

In this paper, the pre-, post- and symmetrical-dispersion compensation methods for 40 Gbps non-return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero link using standard fibers (SMF) and dispersion compensated fibres (DCF) are analyzed through computer simulation to optimize high data rate optical transmission. Graphical analysis is done to evaluate the performance in terms of various characteristics like BER (bit error rate), Q-factor, etc. This paper compares all the three compensation methods and it will be shown that the symmetrical compensation method is superior to pre- and post- compensation methods for single channel whereas post compensation is best for multichannel optical transmission.

Read More...

With continuously increasing energy crisis occurring in the world it will be a prime important to investigate alternative methods of generating power other than fossil fuels i.e. conventional sources. Wind energy from non-conventional energy sources is one of the biggest sources of energy available all around us, it means unlike solar energy cannot be harness during night. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) offer similar efficiencies as compared with the Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and in fact have several distinct advantages. One advantage is that unlike their HAWT counterparts, they can be placed independently of wind direction. This makes them perfect for locations where the wind direction changes continuously. In India there are various geographically advantageous places where wind energy can be harness very effectively because of useful environmental conditions for wind power generation. Satara is one of such places in Maharashtra situated in Sahyadri Hills, where wind velocity is adequate for the generation of energy. Thousands of horizontal axis wind mills are installed by various national and multinational organizations for generation of electricity. But due to the direction changing nature of the wind sometimes it is ineffective to use Horizontal axis wind mills. This study is an attempt to study effectiveness of implementing Vertical axis wind mills in this region. In this paper study of various research papers published by many of the researchers nationally and internationally is done.

Read More...

In Wireless sensor networks we face deception attacks which corrupt commands and measurements in a smart way and with intermittent behaviour to produce the highest damage without being discovered. The intrusion is hard to be distinguished from normal disturbance. Furthermore, protection against attacks is energy consuming. Recent approaches use selective encryption to minimize energy consumption. We propose a system where we use path tracing algorithm to detect intrusion and also use check point recovery algorithm to find the energy drained nodes. Failure nodes are replaced using Check Point Recovery Algorithm (CPRA) while topology is maintained using Network Topology Management (NTM).

Read More...

Whenever a bomb explosion takes place, within or nearby a structure , it leads to a large catastrophic damage, on building’s exterior and interior components. Such as collapsing of wall , blowing of doors and windows and so on. A huge loss of life and injuries to people may also result due to direct blast –effects, debris impacts , fire and smoke. The response of a structure subjected to blast loading requires a detailed understanding of explosions and blast phenomenon. This paper presents a overview of effects of explosions on behavior of 1- bay 1-storey building , subjected to air or surface burst. This paper has also presented the procedure for estimating blast pressure on different faces of a building.

Read More...

this paper contemplates on PMSM drive powered by multilevel Z-source inverter. For enhancing the efficiency PI controller are connected to the system. PMSM drives are very popular in many industries, at present automation are more popular, multilevel Z- source inverter is a good choice that can boost the output voltage of the drive. It is advantageous because of they can buck and boost the voltage in a single stage configuration. The proposed concept is analyzed and implemented with MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Read More...

Plenty of organizations are increasingly outsourcing their data into the cloud service providers (CSP). Because of the safety and security purpose of their data many customers want their data replicated and store on the multiple servers among multiple data centers. In this paper we presents secured and guaranteed multi copy dynamic data possession in the cloud (SG-MDDP). The SG-MDDP scheme consists of many features like: 1) The Scheme gives an efficient evidence to the customer that CSP is storing all the copies that is agreed upon the service contract that it not storing lesser copies by cheating customers; 2) The scheme supports the block level dynamic data operations. After outsourcing the data to the CSP the customers can do operations like insertion, deletion and modifications; 3) In this scheme only authorized users can access copies of data which has been in the servers by the cloud service providers. Before outsourcing the data to the CSP all the data will be in the encrypted form, only authorized users can decrypt that data by using secret key. As we already know that the customers data which has been stored in the servers will in encrypted form so it will provide very good security for data copies.

Read More...

With the rapid development of cloud services, the data is share in a friend circle in the cloud computing environment. Since it is not feasible to implement full security, access control becomes a challenging task, especially when we share sensitive and confidential data on cloud servers. To resolve this problem, we propose a key-policy attribute-based encryption with KP-TSABE scheme, a novel secure data self-destructing scheme in cloud computing. Also we propose the JAR programmable abilities to both create a dynamic and moving object, and to ensure that any access to users’ data will trigger verification and automated logging local to the JARs. In the KP-TSABE scheme, every cipher text is labelled with a time interval while private key is used with a time instant. The cipher text can only be decrypted if both the time instant is in the allowed time interval and the attributes along with the cipher text verify the key’s access structure. The KP-TSABE scheme is support to solve many important security problems by supporting user-defined authorization period and by providing fine-grained access control.

Read More...

A biogas plant is modern energy source and is suitable to the necessities of the future. The Production of biogas as an alternative energy by using Prosopis Juliflora with Poultry waste. Energy Consumption rate is high when compared to its Production rate in all over the world. So, we are all choose the Prosopis Juliflora plant. Prosopis Juliflora is the botanical name of Seemai Karuvelam. In rural areas people cut down the trees for cooking purpose and also used in thermal power station and the remaining leaves left down. By utilizing the Leaves of Prosopis Juliflora we are produce Biogas from in it by adding Poultry waste as an additive. Biogas production from floating dome digester containing the mixture of poultry waste and Prosopis Juliflora was studied for a period of 18 days at ambient temperature. Results from this study show that co-digestion of poultry waste and Prosopis Juliflora increased biogas yield as compared to pure samples of poultry waste. At the temperature of 31.6°C with 7 PH on the 9th day, it was observed that the volume of biogas production from the mixture is 0.039m3/kg respectively.

Read More...