A shock wave is a special kind of wave referred to as a steep, finite pressure wave. The change in the flow properties across such a wave are abrupt, in some situations, shocks are undesirable because they interfere with the normal flow behavior. Shock waves cause energy losses in relation to their intensity. At even higher pressure ratios, a Mach disc which is a straight shock front in the center of the jet with specifically high losses is formed [1]. Mach disk is a shock wave that is perpendicular to the direction of the flow which is called a normal shock wave. A normal shock can be seen when the flow turns parallel to the centerline. This normal shock creates a Mach disk in the exhaust flow. The compression waves force the flow to turn back inward and increase in pressure. If the compression waves are strong enough, they will merge into an oblique shock wave and form a new Mach disk [2] In the present investigation, an attempt was made to analyze and compare shockwave and Mach disk for Convergent nozzle (C nozzle) and Convergent- Divergent nozzle (CD nozzle) by considering the various CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) plots such as pressure plots and velocity vector plots. The pressure plot shows the pressure variation and the velocity vector plot shows presence of shockwaves across the nozzle. Fluent Software has been used for modeling, computation, simulation and to obtain the plots.

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The primary goal is to find the relationship between terrorists based on different factors for countering terrorism. The factors accounted for are People, Organization and an Event. The people here are the terrorists. The Organization(s) is/are terrorist organizational bodies. The event is 2006 Mumbai bomb-blasts. Secondary objective or the implicit one is to further assess the graphs generated to identify key terrorists and lead investigation accordingly. This considers web page content and content from print media like newspaper as input for analysis the terrorist activities. For analysis and getting co relation, three elements are worked viz, people, Organization and event. The persons are consider as a terrorists that are directly or indirectly involved in the event. The organization is the governing body that coordinated and carried out the event. The event is the terrorist attack of interest.

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This paper deals with the design of Phase Locked Loop for achieving faster locking loop. The specific quality and property of fast locking of PLL is required in many clock and data recovery circuits. Many researches have been made to reduce this locking time but at the expense of power, phase noise and other parameters. Here, a PLL is implemented with redesigning of individual blocks like, phase and frequency detector(PFD) is designed using D flip flop to reduce area and static phase error, charge pump(CP) is designed to reduce the current mismatch using current mirrored structure and VCO has been designed using five stage current starved voltage controlled oscillator. The PLL is designed using 180 nm CMOS technology with 1.8 V power supply voltage.

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High peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of transmitted signal is one of the major drawbacks of multicarrier modulation system such wavelet packet modulation system. many PAPR reduction techniques are proposed to solve this problem such as Threshold and clipping method. In this paper a hybrid PAPR reduction method called Threshold –Clipping (TC) method has been proposed.

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Now a days developing digital technology and security of digital data becomes a serious problem. Digital watermarking technique provide an effective security protection to digital data. Watermarking is recognizable an embedded image or pattern in a paper, people can observe it by transmitted or reflected light. It is often used as security features of banknotes, passports, postage stamps and other documents. Similarly, digital watermarking means embedding information in a digital signal. It is mainly used to verify the digital signals to authenticity or identity of its owners. Common contents of digital watermarking are audio, picture, or video. This proposed project discusses the basic concept of watermarking grayscale images using weighted median prediction operation. This mechanism will have minimum computation complexity. In this VLSI based data hiding process the secret digital signature is hidden in the host image. Performance will be increased. Along with that the PSNR value and PAYLOAD value increases.

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Educational Institutions are often unnoticed as a contributor to energy efficiency operations in India and around the world within commercial sector. Energy cost is one of the most manageable costs within an educational institute’s budget and can be effectively managed. Resultant cost and energy savings will give long term benefits by reducing energy use within the building and provides a location for reinvestment within the institute. An energy study review of several educational institutions indicates that 10-30 % of energy can be saved. This paper is meant for "Energy Audit and Management of Energy use in Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Fine Arts Pune". It is an effective attempt to achieve improved energy performance. This study aims in highlighting several opportunities in creating and implementing energy management plans within Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Fine Arts, Pune. The energy audit is conducted and strategies of adjusting and improving energy consumption activities are suggested so as to reduce energy consumption and requirements and hence, the cost spent towards energy consumption.

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Today, most of the problems are occurred in Tradition Voting System. The problems like fake voting, large manpower, large security, more finance required, and complexity in report, paper work, poor management and confidentiality issue. This type of problems is overcome by our proposal Internet Voting System. For more security, reasons we are using Visual Cryptography. By using visual cryptography voting will be more secured with the help of two kinds of secured password. “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” is a latest technique of voting system. In this system people who have registered and who have all requirements of voting can vote online without going to any physical polling station. There is a database which is maintained in which all the names of voters with complete information is stored.

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Data de-duplication is one of major data compression techniques for removing duplicate copies of iterating data, and has been commonly used in cloud storage to diminish the amount of storage space and conserve bandwidth. In most organizations, the storage systems include duplicate copies of numerous pieces of data. For example, the identical file may be stored in several distinct places by distinct users, or two or more files that aren't identical may still contain much of the identical data. De-duplication removes these additional copies by saving only one copy of the data and substituting the other copies with pointers that escort back to the original copy. To preserve the confidentiality of delicate data while preserving de-duplication, the convergent encryption technique has been advanced to encrypt the data prior to outsource it. Different from existing de-duplication systems, the differential privileges of users can be contemplated in duplicate check except the data itself stated.

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In present era, the construction of high rise building is increasing day by day. These structures are more flexible and having low damping value. Due to low damping value the failure possibilities increases and also from the point of serviceability. The vibration induced in such type of structure due to wind or earthquake causes large trembling and due to this large deflection. Today various techniques are available to minimize the effect of vibration induced in the structure due to earthquake. Tuned liquid column damper is one of the techniques to minimize the effect of vibration induced in high rise building. A tuned liquid column damper is a special type of damping technique which prevents the vibrations acting on the high rise building due to earthquake by providing a U-tube at top of the building. This technique is based on inertia of U-tube liquid column. In this study we made a model of a structure attached with tuned liquid column damper. Initially we check the displacement of structure without damper at different frequency. Plot a graph between displacement and frequency. We place a tuned liquid column damper on the top of the structure model and filled it with water. Again we check the displacement of the structure at different frequency and plot the graph. This time the water is replaced with hair oil and the displacement is checked at different frequency and plot a graph between displacement and frequency. Lastly, the hair oil is replaced with Mobil oil and check the displacement at different frequency. Plot another graph between displacement and frequency. Compare all the above graphs and get the result. The result confirmed that the use of different oil minimizes the effect of vibration on the structure due to earthquake.

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With the help of Visual Cryptography (VC), it allows the voter to cast his vote from remote location even if the voter is absent in the voting place. It allows the voter to cast his vote securely and full confidentiality. System allows permission to the voter which is participated in the election only when he entered correct password which is generated using visual cryptography after stacking of two shares. System/Admin sends share 1 to voters email id before election and share 2 will be present during election for his login. From observing these two shares hackers can’t get any information. For this system we use 2 out of 2 visual cryptography scheme. It generates two shares even if the hackers get any one of the shares ,it is not possible to get the information about the second share which is send to the email id of the voter. Thus it provides two way security for efficiently use of internet voting system. For more security purpose Face Detection and Recognition system (FDR) is introduced in our system. Web based voting allows the voter to cast his/her vote from any remote location. The voter’s image is uploaded and passed to a face detection algorithm in which the face detection from the image is done and saved it as the first matching point. The voter’s National identification card number is used to get saved photo from the database of the Admin which is second matching point. If the result of these two matching points is identical then the voter allowed to cast his vote. If the result of these two matching points is not identical then the voter logs out from the system.

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This is an android and web based application for farmer and sugar factory. This application is to manage supply chain and value chain between the sugar factory and farmer. Supply Chain will be an information system, whereas Value chain provides valuable services for farmers. Existing system is very pathetic and hectic for farmers as they need to stand in a long queue for submitting the sugarcane to the factory and get the rewards. This application provides all the latest schemes and updated information given by government. Along with this it also notifies the weight and predicted cost. The predicted cost is calculated with the help of algorithm named HMM (Hidden Markov Model). This will benefit the farmer and thus, transparency is maintained. The application also includes handling emergency situation like crop burning. This system is authentic as it provides access to only registered farmers. Now-a-day’s android application development is growing field. Android is free and open source, providing an easy-to-use development kit containing real time information update and facility to link websites. Due to this system is developed using android platform. The valuable benefit for the farmers will be the user interface which is provided in Marathi. Thus it manages the communication between the sugar factory and farmer in very smooth approach.

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Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) is a process of doing strategic business through computer networks in which a person sitting on a chair having his computer in front can access all of the facilities provided to him of the Internet to buy or sell the products e-commerce. Traditional commerce which is been carried out with an effort of a person to go and gather products, ecommerce has made it convenient and easier for people to surpass physical work and save time. E-Commerce was started in early 1990’s has played a vital role in the world of computers, besides the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce business is security. Security is the challenge which is e-commerce facing today and besides that there is still a lot of advancement made or required in the field of security. One of the main advantages of e-commerce over traditional commerce is that the user can browse online shops, compare prices of products with each other and order merchandised sitting at home on their computer. India being a country has an internet user base of near about 354 million as of June 2015. India despite being the second largest internet user base in the world, behind China(650 million, 48% of population), the penetration of e-commerce is less as compared to markets like the United states or France, but is rising or growing at an unexpected rate, adding near about 6 million new users every month. In India, cash on delivery is the most preferred method in terms of payment accumulating 75% of the e-retail activities around. Biggest e-commerce companies present in India are Flipkart, Snapdeal, Amazon India, and Paytm

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For the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater aerobic and anaerobic systems have been employed for many years. This paper provides a review of the various types of both anaerobic and aerobic techniques for the treatment of wastewater. A wide variety of technologies for wastewater treatment are available, which include both aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. This paper reviews about different treatment technologies, along with their characteristic features.

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In Gorakhpur city there are two sewage treatment plants of total capacity 45MLD (30MLD+15MLD). This paper deals with the performance evaluation of 15 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) located at Maherva Ki Bari, Near Lifting Canal Pumping Station Jharkhandi of Gorakhpur which works on Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. Performance of this plant is an essential parameter to be monitored as the treated effluent is discharged into Ramgarh Lake. The Performance Evaluation will also help for the better understanding of design and operating difficulties (aeration, blowers, etc.) in Sewage Treatment Plant. Sewage samples were collected from Inlet and Outlet of the Treatment Plant and analyzed for the major waste-water quality parameters, such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Kjehldal Nitrogen (TKN). Actual efficiency of the 15 MLD STP will be evaluated by collecting samples (24 in all) for the period of 3 months (December to February). The conclusions of these evaluations may determine required recommendations and focus on modification requirements for the STP and will also determine whether the effluent discharged into the water body are under limits given by CPCB. DO is a very essential parameter to test because treated effluent discharged into Ramgarh Lake which is huge containment for aquatic life.

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It is difficult for TPO/Staff to inform every student about the training and placement activities. A new notice have to be displayed for every upcoming training activity to be conducted or for a visiting company. Also the students have to visit the notice board everyday to keep them updated with the process. A better way to make the placement process hassle free, easy and effective for the training and placement staff as well as the students is by using the Android application for Placement cell. With the help of this user friendly application, the students can easily check notifications regarding various training and placement activities. They can also view details about the company that will visit the campus for the recruitment drive .The TPO can view, add, update and delete the profiles of students as well as the staff. It can create the eligibility list of students as per the company’s criteria. Also, the TPO can easily pass messages to the students as well as the staff. The advantages of the interface would also help the staff members to update the information as and when required. So with the help of this application, everyone can easily stay updated with the training and placement process.

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Development view of this Project is to make an ease for the handicapped persons to operate different appliances in a room through speaking a single word. This Wireless Home Automation Unit is mounted in with the switch board which so as to lower down the wall unit cost. This unit comprises of a low power Xbee, a Voice Recognition unit called as HM2007 and a PIC microcontroller. Another development view is that Home automation system is having a rapid growth by introducing various wireless technologies. The competition in the wireless technology made an emergence to various standards, especially in the medical (ISM) radio band, industrial and scientific fields. The home automation system in actual is used to control all lights and electronic appliances in an office or hose using voice commands. So in this paperwork our motto is to develop a speech recognition based wireless home automation unit using XBee.

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In forest zone and agricultural field human animal conflict is a major problem where enormous amount of resources is lost and human life is in danger. In recent times the numbers of these kinds of conflicts are increasing. So this zone is to be monitored continuously to prevent entry of this kind of animals or any other unwanted intrusion. In our proposed project we have designed a system which detects motion using PIR sensors. After detection of motion the camera in that area is triggered to take an image of the intrusion. Then the image is sent to the image processing processor and algorithm to classify the kind of animal or human is applied. The algorithm used here is Content Based Image Classification which gives the result as to which animal has intruded and in some cases if it be a false alarm no alert is given and all further processes are not done. If detected as a threat the location and type of danger intruded is sent as an SMS to the field owner and also to the forest officials as a alert message using GSM technology. Also animal repellent techniques such as irritating noise in the range of ultrasonic frequencies and Bright ,light which repels most of the animals are used .This is a way of making the animal uncomfortable so that it retreats back from the agricultural field and also it would be easy for the humans to scare them away.

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