this paper presents the protection for transformer using different time characteristics. To design and develop a protection system for transformer which automatically respond to the over flux based on the definite minimum time(DMT) and inverse definite minimum time(IDMT) characteristics and over current based on the standard inverse(SI), very inverse(VI) and extreme inverse(EI) characteristics. Therefore, over-current relays must de-energize the faulted line as fast and accurate as possible to protect the system from the hazardous effects of the fault. The relay acts based on the program inbuilt to each characteristic. In order to prevent mal-trip of relays resulting from these transients, a longer delay is not initiated for relay trip command. Self checking facility of the occurrence of the fault time is incorporated in the programs which are used in individual relay characteristics.

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In today’s scenario, globalization has change face of industry by introduction of surface treatment process like shot peening. In addition to this, common problem of failure of components occurs occasionally. Consequently, components produces by industry need to redesign or else prepare alternative design of the same in order to increase strength. Though, surface treatment processes like shot peening provides option to industry that uses of the same component with enhancement of strength. The main objective of this paper is to expose the scenario about shot peening process and discusses various parameters of shot peening machine to increase performance.

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in the past 20 years, rapid development in the automotive industry have been accompanied by increase in speed, loads and engine power. This paper is reports on review of modification of final drive mechanism in Toyota In nova car (diesel engine).Final drive mechanism is used in rear wheel drive engines. With the help of propeller shaft and differential, engine power is transmitted from engine to the rear wheels of the car. Now-a-days, Toyota In nova car makes too much noise and comparatively high RPM at high speed of engine (in running condition). The study shows that in today’s In nova car engine makes above 2500 rpm on reaching 100kph in 5th gear and makes loud noise in cockpit. Driving at 60 kph in 4th gear the engine is at 2000 rpm and changing up to 5th gear drops the revolution to more quite 1500 rpm. Driving at 50 kph in a fourth gear result in the same engine speed but the engine doesn’t like being driven like that, it labours a bit. At 80 kph in the 5th gear the engine is doing 2000 rpm and taking the Innova 100 kph in the 5th gear result in engine speed of above 2500 rpm. Thus at highway speed the loud engine noise makes one feels that an additional gear would have been handy. The core agenda of the project is to modify final drive mechanism of Toyota Innova to reduce RPM and noise of engine with the help of changing crown-pinion ratio, when car is in running condition. We have gathered a final and concurrent conclusion to this problem with use of the AUTOCAD and SOLID WORKS analysis.

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Spamming is common in various types of automated communication sources including email, instant messaging, and social networks. To reach more users numerous spammers now use various content-sharing platforms including online social networks— to publicize spam such as twitter. Twitter has become one of the furthermost used social networks. And, as happens with every common media, it is susceptible to misuse. In this environment, spam in Twitter has developed in the last years, becoming a significant problem for the users. In the last years, numerous methods have appeared that are able to determine whether a user is a spammer or not. However, these debarring systems cannot filter every spam message (snippet) and a spammer may make another account and restart sending spam. As there are methods to filter spam text contents, Spammers now using the idea of spam images? So a proficient spam image filter is must. These spam messages contains phish links, so here we need phish link filter. By keeping eye on this problems of twitter, we proposed here a “Twitter Spam Filter” an application to filter spam images, unsolicited tweets and phish links from tweets.

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Replacement is required everywhere I the universe. Carbon fibre wraps are made available by chain reaction of carbon and are combined with plastic resins. The cost of retrofitting by means of CFRP incurs lot of money. Hence this project work is carried out to evaluate the economical way for retrofitting purpose. The strength of unwrapped beams and carbon fibre wrapped beams were challenged with E-glass fibre wraps. The observations were fabulous and results obtain after comparison shown good characteristics of GFRP and it can be said that E-glass fibre can be used if there is no need of much higher strength.

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Surat is world’s fourth fastest growing city so the limit of Surat Municipal Corporation is often expanding and new villages are added in to the city limit. This paper identifies the current situation of city limit and suggest the new villages which can be added in the Surat Municipal Corporation limit. Spatial direction of the city is carried out by using Remote Sensing and GIS technology. Factors for expansion are analysed by expert review form. In the results from above analysis will give the new villages which have highest potential of adding to the future city extension of Surat Municipal Corporation. This paper will help urban planners in planning future infrastructure facilities to the new villages which are going to be include in the limit.

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Online social networking is flourishing because of immense use of internet for to access measure amount of information available. Online social networking sites are attracting both authenticated and also fake users. Fake users would use these accounts for to access the private information of genuine users or to send spam messages. This paper incorporates network based approach to find both genuine and fake users by using label belief propagation and rank them basically on their posterior probability.

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Today’s fast growing industrialization where production of materials are touching the remarkably heights, so it’s the need of an hour to utilize the waste which is produced in these factories. Paper producing industries generates a huge quantity of waste, to overcome these problem we need to tackle with alternate methods which will help to the reduce the impact of major environmental problems. This paper mill ash is named as Hypo Sludge Ash (HSA), for the production of paper the chemical are mixed and used for a numerous time for producing the paper of good quality but once its usefulness is achieved the raw material cannot be again utilize and also Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag which is the by-product of iron ore is used for comparison and its usefulness is suggested. In this project work these waste is used to replace the cement in various proportions and noticeable changes in reading are recorded. Accordingly the design mix is made for M40 grade concrete and testing is performed by means of compression testing machine (CTM) and flexural testing machine. It was found that optimum results are obtained at 10 % replacement of paper mill ash.

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The IC engine is an internal combustion engine consisting of 4 strokes – suction, compression, power and exhaust, each taking the crank revolution of 180˚. The work throws light on enhancing turbulent inside the combustion chamber by creating swirl and tumble in the inlet flow of charge. The geometry of valve face and valve head is modified to increase swirl inside the combustion chamber before power stroke takes place. The modification is done without disturbing the properties of conventional valves. The SOLID EDGE V19 software is used to design the member and assemble and ANSYS V15.0 Fluent is used to analyze the assembly. The software’s are used to design and analyze the work since fabricating in real time and analyzing physically will lead to consumption of time, raw material and capital.

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A Present research paper study of literature survey on hard turning process in cutting parameter on cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on value in high chrome steel by using Nitride ceramic cutting tool insert. Three-factor (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) completed with a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. Mathematical models for material removal rate developed using the Regression analysis (RA). Results show that the material removal rate components are principally by the depth of cut and work-piece on statistical significance. Finally, the ranges for best cutting conditions are proposed for serial industrial production optimum value in maximum material removal rate.

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In this paper, we deal with the reduction and eliminating the occurrence of shrinkage in the component by a standard approach in design, experimentation and implementation phases systematically. Here, we are working to find the properties which will prevent shrinkage in the reciprocating piston. Thus by this analysis it would help the company to improve the quality of the product and thereby decreases the rejection level of the product.

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Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source. After wind energy, solar energy is considered fastest developing non-conventional energy source. Solar energy is environment friendly and best suitable for decentralized application. Solar PV performs direct conversion of sunlight to electricity. Solar PV mainly characterized with variable output power because of the solar irradiance and cell temperature. To increase the energy generation efficiency of solar PV, research effort is focused in the direction to maximize the efficiency of solar cell via manufacturing technology and also explore the progress in the power electronic devices for small and large scale applications of the power system. This paper presents trasformerless single phase inverter for solar photovoltaic application. From the solar PV panel, the variable supply voltage of 40V-60V is regulated and closed loop boost converter receives input dc voltage and produces constant DC voltage of 310V modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Single phase inverter was used to convert DC voltage to chopped AC voltage for AC load supply. After filtering the output voltage of the inverter to give pure sinusoidal alternating current of 210V RMS. Inverter output voltage has a very low total harmonic distortion of 1.56 % which makes the system suitable for grid network and local AC load. This paper introduces the implementation of running the single phase asynchronous machine.

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The “Image watermarking is a kind of marker covertly embedded in a noise-tolerant signal such as an audio, video or image data”. It is typically used to identify ownership of the copyright of such signal. "Watermarking" is the process of hiding digital information in a signal. The hidden information should, but does not need to, contain a relation to the carrier signal. Image Watermarking may be used to verify the authenticity or integrity of the carrier signal or to show the identity of its owners. We also define a fractal as a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) resize copy of the whole. “A Fractal is a natural phenomenon or mathematical set that exhibits a repeating pattern that displays at every scale”.

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The Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) system is designed to study the various characteristics like Torque, Power and Efficiency across the Speed. The components from IVT are designed with the considerations of various factors like material, cost, ease of manufacturing and the reliability of the system. The basic design of the IVT system and its components are done with the 3D modeling software CATIA V5 R20 version. Further made the drawings of the components for the manufacturing to assemble the IVT experimental setup. The design for the Infinitely Variable Transmission system is to be specifically designed to match the requirements dictated by vehicle. Therefore all the design modifications and optimizations are made to achieve top speed, pulling capability and weight/space savings in the IVT. This study is based on the design considerations for all parts and analysis of the critical parts from the IVT system. The basic inputs considered as per the requirement and design calculations done with the reference of theoroticle base for all the IVT componants. As per the theoroticle calculations, the diamensions and the failure mode conditions are safe for the input torque conditions.

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Recently data is generating in large amount everywhere and the efficient use of data should be done. So, proper techniques and methods should be there for efficient maintenance of data. To classify or cluster the valid or certain data, there are different approaches like DT, Rule based Classification, Naive Bayes Classification and many more techniques. But classification of uncertain data is bit difficult. The uncertainty occurs in the data because of the imprecise measurement of the results, like scientific results, data from sensor network, measuring temperature, humidity, pressure and so on. Main task is to handle the uncertainty of the data in order to classify or cluster it. So we are using UK-means and LMHIK algorithms for clustering of uncertain data. In UK-Means, the Expected Euclidean distance is used to assign the object to cluster and in LMHIK algorithm to create the accurate clusters the large margin is calculated.

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Image Registration is one of the important area in Digital Image Processing and hence it is used in most of the image processing applications. In a registration process, we have two or more images among them, there is a reference image and the other is sensed image. The task is to compare the images with each other and the image which is developed is called as registered image. Here, the tracking is performed on the basis of SIFT or SURF features extracted from the images. The purpose of a tracking is to determine the location or direction of a target in a moving or steady state. Other than this the SIFT or SURF features are used for registration of images. The background subtraction is used for detection and particle filter is used for tracking.

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The increase in development of waste water in the in Domestic zone leading to the drastic changes in the environment which is the main challenge to scientist & the natural resources. The waste water shows an advers effect on the water quality parameter like as D.O., B.O.D., C.O.D., pH, Conductivity & temperature of the surrounding aqua system. The irregular levels of these parameters cause pollution in water bodies & even death of aqua life. Although Domestic waste water are found dangerous and they enter in environment through various waste water channels. Phytoremediation system has been found possible to improve waste water quality to large amount without any secondary pollution. The current experimental investigation focus on the Phytoremediation Technology done to confirm the potential of selected plant like Canna Indica, Aloe vera, Taro plant. These plants are used for reducing above parameters from domestic waste water. The changes in the waste water quality parameters during the generation of waste water which plants were proving effective to improving the waste water. The canna Indica plant found very effective in all the investigation, about 40% of all contaminants.

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Design of a blade runner an integral part of Biomedical Engineering also engrosses the skill and art of Mechanical Engineering applications in order to have best possible effect. In general it is an application for the leg amputated (surgically removed) individuals to replace their below-knee part with a runner blade. It is designed to mimic the action of the anatomical foot/ankle joint of able-bodied runners and help compensate for the user’s impaired bodily processes. This paper deals with the design, modeling and analysis of 3D model using Solid Works/CATIA V5 and extensive use of Finite Element Model through Solver (ANSYS V 14.0) to perform analysis. Further Stress concentration and deformation values are obtained and modified for the optimal efficiency.

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Self-healing of concrete is done by using many things such as bacteria, polymers etc. In this project we have tried the self-healing of concrete by using chemicals. The chemicals are sodium silicate, and polyethylene glycol. Here the sodium silicate will acts as healing agent which is replaced directly to the water. Polyethylene glycol is used to increase the compressive strength and mainly for self-curing of concrete. It is added to the water of about 2% on both combinations. The sodium silicate that are added will reacts calcium hydroxide and forms sodium silica hydrate which is a gel, that has the capacity to heal the cracks and increase its strength up to 30%. In this experimental study we have analysed that the sodium silicate heals the crack completely and also increases strength in both self and water curing. Here the water curing is done in addition to polyethylene glycol. The obtained sodium silica hydrate is used to heal the cracks and the formed calcium silica hydrate heals the crack and also acts as corrosive inhibitor.

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Due expanded development of Internet, number of system assaults has been expanded, Which accentuation requirement for interruption identification frameworks (IIF) for securing system, In this procedure system movement is broke down and checked for recognizing security defects. Numerous scientists taking a shot at number of information digging strategies for building up an interruption identification framework. For recognizing the interruption, the system activity can be arranged into typical and peculiar. In this paper we have surveyed incremental calculation for interruption location framework for spilling system and batch processing. As pressure result the incremental calculation is superior to the batch processing calculation as far as exactness, accuracy and f-measure and the dataset used is KDDCUP.

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Now a days, cloud computing is most important paradigm used by almost every online user directly or indirectly. To meet the large number of users a lot of improvement has been required. For that reason, research work has been carried out time to time. In cloud, for each task user may use hundreds of thousands of resources, so manual scheduling is not a feasible solution. This paper describes the brief and organized analysis on most recent cloud scheduling algorithms.

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To prevent the casualties and collapse of structures caused due to earthquake load, it is important to design the safe structure which will sustain under the worse load combination. Most of the structure designed as per the current code of design is found to be very critical near the joint core under the action of seismic loading resulting in yielding of material. This paper deals with the simulation of one-third exterior joint by using ANSYS. One model as per conventional way of practice in India by using IS 13920-1993 and other two model were provided with cross bars at joint core. The seismic time-history record of El-Centro E_11360 used to find the response of three models in terms displacement, acceleration & yield stress of joint. The comparison indicated the use of 6mm cross bars at joint core serve well in terms of parameters mentioned as compare to the conventional way of design of joint.

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The premise of this study is the serviceability prerequisite which excite long after the auxiliary erection has been finished. Beams with web openings can be very effective in such cases. Tallness impediment is regular issue confronted by originators in multistoried structures because of financial necessities and aesthetical contemplations. Generous spaces are typically required to empower the entry for ducts and pipes underneath steel beams which prompts uneconomic floor statures. Despite the fact that web openings could prompt a noteworthy diminishing in members' heap conveying limit contingent upon the embraced openings shape, size and area yet can likewise be extremely useful and imperative from the point of economy. Regardless of the plentiful test take a shot at steel beams with web openings that has been led by scientists consistently, the outcomes are not extensive, because of the complexity of the beam design and the expansive number of variable parameters. In this way, utilizing industrially accessible limited component ANSYS (FE) programming, numerical examinations were confirmed by correlation with previous test program. The sample beam taken for study is IS standard I-section of medium range ISMB 400 and different comparisons are made based on different shape and size of openings. The numerical project was then used to attempt broad parametric studies to disengage a portion of the geometric and material properties that impact the failure modes concerned with these type of basic perforations. The fundamental parameters under thought are the web opening profundity (typically noted as diameter), the basic opening length of the top and base tee-areas, spacing between the web openings and the ultimate comparative advantages over the normal standard I-section beams used in general practice. This exploration study ought to prompt better administration of the utilization of steel beams with such web openings as the significant contrast between the different shapes as illustrated. Finally the experimental results and FE analysis findings are conclusive with the previous studies and can contribute to further researches.

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Now a days human beings are very popular in technology & science but seem to be very helpless as for as its controlling the decay and preservative their own environmental issues. For save the environment conservation and preservation have taken on very importance in the world in recent years. Deep changes are taking place in our ways of living and working also. Among these variations resource conservation and recycling of hazardous waste have become one of the principle problems. The stabilization/solidification (S/S) technique of a hazardous (hospital) waste incineration (HWI) fly ash containing hazardous metals e.g. Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn. Different substances e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, potassium silicate as well as ground blast furnace slag have been used. To this end, the effects of curative conditions and composition have been tested. S/S solids are submitted to shear strength and leaching tests to evaluate the results obtained and to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. Concentrations of the metals leached from S/S produces were strongly pH dependent, show that the leachate pH was the most vital variable for the control of metals.

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Another system for Information mining through which fascinating association rules called reasonable guideline can be found. Lucid guidelines are those rules that can be mapped to sensible comparability as per propositional method. In the event that positive intelligent standards are found, then nega-tive rational principles between the nearness and nonatten-dance of the same thing sets won't happen and the other way around. The pseudo ramifications of equivalences can be further characterized into an idea called Reasonable Guidelines. The disclosure of coherent rules from exchange records sort of dataset is called Market Basket Analysis. The proposed work provides a framework for discovering coher-ent rules offers a technique for data mining that overcomes the limitationsnassociated with existing methods and enables the finding of association rules among the presence and ab-sence of a set of items without a preset minimum support threshold.

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