There are many problems in manual configuration of dish antennas that are the human errors, misalignment, finding the look angles for every other dish to be installed. This paper aims to present and discuss the development of an automated system for aligning the parabolic reflector antennas for satellite communication. This work automates the steps involved in the manual alignment of an antenna dish. Based on procedures for the manual alignment a satellite dish, was proposed an architecture that employs hardware solutions to this problem. In order to get the exact angle of position of the dish, it needs to be adjusted manually. To overcome the difficulty of manual alignment of antenna, this project helps in aligning the position of the dish using the GPS module. The proposed system will use GPS Module to retrieve the latitude and longitude of the location. Further a formula has been implemented to calculate the elevation and azimuth with respect to the location of the satellite. This solution allows for better placement of the antenna.

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In this 21st century humans are totally depends on machines which makes our work easier and reduces human efforts. In this project two liquids are to be mixed and filled in the bottles. This project is totally time consuming and reduces human efforts. As this project is based on automation so the maintenance is low and production rate is high. Now a day’s many companies are using this project like coke cola and many more.

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Alumina (Al2O3) is a potential ceramic material which has capability to form impervious protective coating layers that can provide underlying substrate permeation barriers to toxic gases, excellent electrical insulation and high temperature anti-oxidation cum corrosion resistances. In proposed fusion reactors the coolant channels made of reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels (RAFMS) will carry liquid coolant of Pb-Li. These channels require protective coating layers to prevent following corrosion, conduction due to PB-Li flow and radioactive tritium permeation. Hence, alumina coating is highly desirable over reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels (RAFMS) as coolant channels in test blanket modules (TBM) of fusion reactors. The flow of liquid coolant Pb-Li creates resistance to flow due to conduction, also corrosive action of Pb-Li can damage the channels with a risk of leakage of highly radioactive tritium via permeation. However, alumina coating directly by pack cementation or other techniques is difficult to form due to contamination with iron aluminide type of intermetallics. In the present investigation, direct alumina coating was achieved plasma spray technique having average coating thickness of 100 µm. Alumina coatings obtained by adding sealant have good adhesion strength (6-7MPa) with porosity level 5% only. The coatings had high hardness values (800-900 VHN) for providing adequate wear resistance. The SEM images at the cross section show uniform layer of coating formation and the surface morphology indicates dense coating without any cracks.

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Image compression plays important role in the image processing. Image compression is the process of reducing the size of the image. The image stored in raw form needs large amount of space for storage that is considered as the biggest problem during the transmission of the image. So in this way the storage capacity and the transmission capacity of the image degrade. The data compression techniques can be used for the image compression but the quality of the image is decreased. To improve qualityof image various image compression techniques have been introduced. Image compression can be lossy image compression or loseless image compression. In lossy the reconstructed image is not exactly same as the original image. In case of lossless image compression the reconstructed image after applying the compression is same as original image. Lossy and lossless compression techniques are further of various types. In this paper various lossy and loseless techniques are discussed. On the basis of the survey conducted the efficient and the effective technique of image compression is obtained. This will results in the best compression method for the image compression in which the quality of the image is not degraded and the information that is present in the image is not lost.

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Image processing is the mechanism used in order to better present the information in terms of the image. The image will represent the information in easy to understand way. The problem with the image can be the noise when image is transferred over the network. The image can be distorted by the temperature also. The problem will be resolved when filters are used. In the proposed paper we will use histogram equivalence mechanism to remove the specific type of noise known as salt and pepper noise. The salt and pepper noise will be removed if median filter is used. The problem will be temperature. When temperature increases the median filter is useless. So proposed paper uses the mechanism of histogram equal valence and redundancy handling mechanism in order to resolve the salt and pepper noise from within the image.

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In this segment we have discussed about extended fins or surfaces and how the rate of heat transfer is increase by using extended fins instead of unfinned material. We’ve also discussed how various type of extension like parallel rectangle extension, perpendicular extension and curl or spline extension are used to enhance or increase heat transfer from a plane wall or bared surface to finned surface. About 2.178% of decreased in temperature at fin tip and 48% to 124% of heat transfer rate can be increased by above mentioned extrusion instead of bare surface without extension. Fins with different extrusion are designed with the help of design and analysis software ANSYS®. ANSYS Workbench [ANSYS Multiphysics] is used for thermal analysis which shows that least temperature at the tip is obtained in parallel extrusion and maximum total heat flux is obtain in spline extrusion as compared to other extrusion as discussed above.

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This paper presents a system to assist the old age person in their day to day life. Assistive systems are gaining their importance in fast growing global elderly population. The given assistive system is an accelerated expansion of next generation smart home and assistive environment [6]. The system has two important parts, wall mounting unit and controlling unit. PSOC is the wall mounting unit which acts as the heart of the system. It incorporates programmable and reconfigurable analog and digital blocks with flexible automatic routing. PSOC provides proper interface with the sensors and controlling of the house hold appliances. The controlling unit is smart phone in which android application would be loaded [1]. The elderly assistive system will provide technological assistance for day to day activity of aged people likewise one touch emergency calling, locating things, health related checkups, controlling of home equipment’s etc.

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With many application in various domains, object detection and tracking has received a great deal of attention over the decades in the field of image analysis and computer vision. It has been studied by scientists from different areas of psychophysical sciences and those from different areas of computer science. However, developing a computer algorithm to do the same thing is one of the toughest tasks in computer vision. Research over the past several years enables similar such as foreground detection, detecting connecting regions, extracting object features. Correspondence-based object matching, detecting left and removed objects. This research paper gives a review of different object detection techniques which are available as of today. The focus is on the segmentation techniques by investigating the use of image frames. The motion based, spatiotemporal, temporal are under segmentation techniques. We incorporate the EM algorithm with these segmentation techniques for better performance of detecting and tracking of an object in this research paper.

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Solid waste and waste water are the key component in sanitation infrastructure. But now a day’s lack of focus on this component in planning process it has become one of the biggest problems and its management is one of the major issues for our environment. The problem is not restricted to a single place rather it covers all parts of the environment which leads to toxic pollutants. Developing countries face major problem i.e. solid waste management and waste water management in urban as well as in rural areas. This Study represents solid waste management and waste water management practices in the Amod town of Bharuch District, Gujarat. This study is based on existing scenario of solid waste management and waste water management in Amod town. Population of Amod town is 15237 in 2011 and it will be increase up to 55724 till 2041.Study shows about 0.5kg of residential, agriculture solid waste per capita is generated in the town. It found that street sweeping, grass cutting, agriculture waste, cattle dung, drain and public toilet cleaning contribute most to waste generation in this town. Study also shows that Amod town population is also increase up to 20,000 in 2015 compare to 15,237 in 2011 (as per Amod nagarpalika annual report) they demand 2.7 MLD water supply as per 135 LPCD, and waste water generation is 2.1 MLD and it will be increase up to 6.01 MLD till 2041.Most common practices of waste processing are uncontrolled dumping which causes mainly water and soil pollution. At this stage there are no provision for treatment facilities for waste water, this leads to generate some unhygienic spot. This situation demand urgent development of sewage treatment facilities in Amod town. For the analysis of existing scenario of solid waste and waste water management SWOT analysis is adopted. As population are increasing the qualities of solid waste and waste water are also increasing and if wastes are disposed in uncontrolled manner these may cause adverse impact on public health & environment. The attempt is made to resolve current issues and relevant proposal.

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IVRS based motor protection and control unit is user friendly system. This paper is focused on interactive voice response system for three phase induction motor control as well as android application for advanced application. The main aim of this project is to control motor from remote places using IVRS or Android application. As its operations is control by intelligent software inside the renesas MCU. To implement this, we are use GSM modem at motor end to programmed microcontroller which would receive message from authorized mobile number. We can achieve motor control by using SMS or DTMF tone also.

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Strengthening of RC members like slabs, columns and slabs have been done using Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials since last three decades. A lot of research is undergoing to ensure durability strength and long life to the deteriorated or distressed RC structural members. Use of FRP laminates and bars made from Glass, Carbon, Aramid fibers have proven its worth. A recently developed natural fiber derived from Basalt rock which is widely used as fire proof material owing its thermal properties is fabricated in form of bars and strips and have been used in strengthening of RC members. Glass, Carbon and Basalt fiber laminates have been used to strengthen RC members like beam in flexure and shear through external bonding. However, the delaminating of these laminates depends largely upon its surface preparation. This has resulted in development of near surface mounting (NSM) techniques which involves avoids the delaminating. Glass fiber bars and strips have been largely used to strengthen RC beams using NSM technique in flexure and shear. Some studies have also been conducted for investigating flexural strengthening of RC beams in flexure using this technique. The paper presented here describes a detailed review of those works and it is observed from the review that investigation still needs to be conducted in area of shear strengthening of distressed RC members by using basalt bars and strips through NSM technique.

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Low density parity check code being the most powerful Error correcting code with performance near to Shannon limit is studied and simulated in this paper. Because of its performance it is used in Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite for Second Generation (DVBS2).In this paper, LDPC encoding algorithm named “Irregular repeat accumulated code” has been illustrated in detail. While two decoding algorithm named “Turbo decoding message passing Algorithm” and “Two phase message passing algorithm” has been studied and simulated in MATLAB. The results comparing these two decoding algorithms have been presented in this paper.

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When fruits and vegetables are harvested, they are cutoff from their source of water and soon start to deteriorate, the purpose of this study is to perform simulation of airflow in Apple cold storage using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The air distribution parameters addressed in this study are air velocity and air temperature. The best results from a proper preservation are obtain when the temperature of each vegetables is maintained with fewer fluctuations, as well as the appropriate distribution of cooling air. Temperature variation is minimized with adequate air circulation. Air velocity is important to protect agricultural product in the cold storage.

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Many devices are fabricated to measure discharge in open channel. The flow over a free overall (brink phenomenon) can be used as a device to measure discharge in open channels with known the end depth. This paper presents mathematical studies to evaluate efficiency of the brink as device of measuring flow rate in horizontal, mild and adverse open channels. The general mathematical model is derived using momentum, discharge and Froude number equations for horizontal, mild and adverse slopes open channels. A proposed mathematical model is calibrated by previous experimental data. Equation gives accurate discharge from known end water depth. The characteristics include, water depth over free overfall, critical and brink depthat lip of free overfall, the effect of bed roughness of free overfall on flow depths (normal, critical and brink depth) we obtained a relation between these depths and compared the those with results without roughness for the same discharges. A free overfall at the end of the channel is used as a flow measuring device. In this paper, theoretical end depth ratio (EDR) and end depth discharge (EDD) relationships have been studied. Despite the many theoretical studies carried out in channels having different cross-section shape, slope, and roughness, the problem of the free overfall as a flow measuring device has not been completely solved, and other studies are needed. A theoretically based end-depth-discharge relationship is obtained for both subcritical and supercritical flow in rectangular, triangular, circular, U-shape and trapezoidal channels. For each cross-section shape, discharges predicted using the theoretical relationship.

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The basis of this concrete is a high content of ultra fines which consists of one or more varieties of mineral and chemical admixtures. An attempt has been made in the investigation reported in this paper to study hardened properties Self Compacting Concrete (M50) .Cubes were cast and tested in compression, and studied their mechanical properties. Compressive Strength is evaluated by replacing Welan Gum Content with Cement by 0.2% to 1% Replacement. By Addition of Welan Gum up to Certain Percentages Gives better Results than normal Concrete under Same Environment And Curing Condition.

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This study represents a concept of "dynamic passenger car unit' ('DPCU'), appropriate for the heterogeneous traffic on Indian roads, and shows that the PCU factor for a vehicle type is not a static factor as it is usually assumed. Various relationships will be developed between speed-flow. By using three different methods of estimating PCU, PCU value of different category of vehicles should be found. This PCU factor is the ratio of the projected rectangular area of the vehicle type to the speed of the vehicle type, with respect to car. Factors influencing PCU value are classified volume of vehicles and Average speed .PCU values of different types of vehicles is determined on Rajkot Urban Road by different methods and suggest the reliable method.

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The pressure to reduce cost in mass market communication devices such as cable modems and digital set-top boxes has created a need for embedded high-speed high-resolution digital-to-Analog converters (DACs). This thesis discusses the different architectures of current- steering digital-to-Analog converter (CS-DAC). Reasons of selecting binary-weighted architecture are low complexity, small area and less power consumption in comparison of other architectures. 14-bit CS-DAC is implemented and performance parameters are checked.

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A Performance Based Seismic Design is aimed at controlling the structural damage under the action of earthquake forces, based on precise estimation of proper response parameters using Nonlinear Pushover Analysis. It is a highly iterative process needed to meet designer specified and code requirements. Openings in the floors (diaphragm discontinuity) reduce the rigidity of the diaphragm and affect the distribution of lateral load to the lateral load resisting element and causes stress concentration near discontinued joints. The assessment of the seismic vulnerability of such structures is very complex. Hence, there is a need for an accurate evaluation of the seismic response beyond linear behavior. This paper presents a Performance Based Seismic Design of RCC Buildings with different shapes of opening Diaphragm under the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum considered Earthquake (MCE) by choosing performance criteria in terms of Inter-storey Drift (IDR) and Inelastic Displacement Demand Ratio (IDDR). The Capacity Spectrum Method of Pushover Analysis is performed in SAP 2000, based on FEMA 365 [4] and ATC 40 [3] guidelines, to study the performance of RC buildings designed as per IS 1893:2002 [1], with diaphragm discontinuity. The results shows that opening in diaphragm reduce the capacity and produce higher drift at performance point.

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This research work is focused on the effective utilization of Solar Thermal Power Plant (STPP). The concept is to operate solar thermal plant along with the hydro power plant. It is proposed in this research work that it will lead to improvement in overall efficiency of the system. The other significant advantages are also discussed in detail. The favourable location thought of for this concept is a dam site. There are two reasons for selecting this location. The first one is that we can have advantage of existing head and the installed setup of hydro power plant. Second reason is that we can use baron land including hills and river banks to establish the solar thermal plant which will reduce the initial cost of the plant. The technical details including the parameters, dimensions, available power generation, overall efficiency of the suggested scheme etc. have been presented in detail.

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The RF filter is one of most common component used in communication system. Band pass filter with high out of band rejection will improve the performance of the filter .This can be achieve by ap-plying new technique called DGS (defected ground structure).In this no stub is used but microstrip line is used. For the design of filter center frequency is 2.4 GHz that use for WLAN having band width of 80 MHz and creating defect in ground plan we can achieve rejection at various frequency. The results can be simulate on ADS platform, through which comparison of filter performance with and without DGS can be done.

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The demand for alternate energy has increased which resulted in exploiting waste cooking oil (fried oil). This fried oil is transesterified to biodiesel. By using microwave assisted conventional process transesterification is done. The presence of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis. The peaks obtained around 1741cm-1 confirmed the presence of ester carbonyl bonds. The properties like fire point, flash point, density and viscosity were determined for biodiesel and for blends (B10:D90 and B20:D80). The values obtained suggested that the quality of the biodiesel was found to improve when it was blended with diesel. The blends were used to study the performance and emission characteristics of internal combustion engine. Pure diesel was used as reference. The engine performance test including parameters like brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), indicated thermal efficiency (ITE), mechanical efficiency ηME were determined and were found to increase with increase in load. Emission characteristics like HC, NOX, CO, CO2 and SOX for pure diesel and for the blends are found. Overall, the performance of the IC engine was found to improve when biodiesel was blended with diesel

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Diagrids have emerged as an architectural choice in the creation of tall buildings. Diagrids have widely used in tall structural system because of their structural efficiency. Uniform angle diagrid structures such as Hearst towers, New York and angle variation along height diagrid employed by lotte super tower project in Seoul. This paper presents another way of varying angle for diagrid, along the width and combination of along height and along width angle variation, which has not been employed for any tall building in world. A regular floor plan of 40 m x 40 m is considered for 80 storey diagrid structure. ETABS software is used for modelling and analysis of structural members. Comparison in terms of displacement, storey drift is presented.

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Lots of researches have been carried out on stirling type Pulse Tube Refrigerator. A stirling type pulse tube refrigerator operating at high pressure and having high efficiency than GM type pulse tube refrigerator. Stirling type pulse tube Refrigerator is capable of producing very low temperature of low cooling effect. It has no moving part and hence it produces low vibration and low temperature. In stirling type Pulse Tube Refrigerator we can achieve the temperature of 20K and having vary compact size. So it is more preferred than any other cryocooler. Dessertation deals to design stirling type Pulse-tube Refrigerator based on parametric design data obtained from computational techniques and to carry out theoretical analysis. A novel approach has adopted to analyze stirling type Pulse Tube Refrigerator to achieve better cooling effect.In this dissertation work, a computer aided model of stirling type pulse tube refrigerator is designed in CAD software . The present work aims to study the optimization temperature of stirling type pulse tube refrigerator. This research study attempts to simulate the actual conditions existing in Stirling tpe pulse tube refrigerator.CFD simulation has been carried out to predict the performance of the stirling type pulse tube refrigerator and the results have been compared with the results of open literature. Once the results have been compared the design is modified to get minimum pressure drop and achieve the better cooling effect by optimizing the temperature.

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A single transmission line consist of many transmission tower. So, material saving in a single tower will lead to a considerable effect to the final cost of the project. The transmission line tower constitute about 28% to 42% of the cost of a transmission line. Therefore optimization in design of towers can bring about significant economy in the cost of transmission lines. Moreover, the increasing demand in electrical energy can also be met economically by developing different light weight configuration of transmission line towers. In this work, a parametric study on the effect of the guy pre- load, configurations and distance between guy base and tower base is carried out. A 220 KV guyed tower is analyzed in STAAD Pro. V8i. The wind load is calculated from the design code. Each of these tower member are design as an angle section. Various values of pre- loads are considered for the guys. Then analysis and compare the result.

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In recent years there has been significant rise in usages of irregular structures in plan. Irregular buildings constitute large portion of modern urban infrastructures. Such irregular structures needs to be taken care by structural engineers particularly in high seismic zones. It causes extra shear, torsion etc. Asymmetry in the plan increases stresses of certain structural elements. The control of the dynamic response of the multi-storey building can be achieved by increasing stiffness through the use of bracing system. In present study comparison of Response Spectrum Analysis results of 20 storey irregular steel building under same loading conditions were done using Professional Software ETABS. The building is having different plans for different floors and this building is modeled for four different types of bracing systems. This paper aims to study the effects of seismic forces on plan irregularity and to know which bracing system becomes more efficient by using four different types of bracings.

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