In EHV AC transmission line can transmit the amount of power safely depends on various limits. Now a day world population are increase and towns are expanding, many buildings constructed near high voltage transmission lines. These transmission lines required the strip (corridor) of land. These strip depends on electric and magnetic field of transmission line.This paper discusses the methods to calculate electric and magnetic field of EHV AC transmission line with single circuit configurations. The sensitivity of EMF on various parameters has been analyzed with the help of mathematical programming in MATLAB software and the results are presented.

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The cryogenic heat exchanger governs the performance of cryogenic system. The present work reports the theoretical analysis of heat transfer process of coil finned tube heat exchanger used in Collins cycle based medium capacity helium liquefier. The aim of present study is to design and optimize different geometrical and operating parameters for coiled finned tube exchangers. To improve the effectiveness of heat exchanger the theoretical analysis has been carried out by theoretical modelling. The efforts have been made to study the effect of different geometrical parameters like coil diameter, tube diameter by in depth study of DIN number, fin height and fin spacing etc. and operating parameters like pressure drop. The design and optimization of geometrical and operating parameters are done to achieve the desired temperature drop of cold fluid. The variation in properties of helium for specified temperature range are studied and taken into consideration.

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This project represents evaluation of the Behavior and Retrofitting of beam using FRP powder and FRP sheet. Beam of size 700 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm is used. In this study, a total of 18 specimens were casted. The volumes of FRP Powder added are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of weight of cement and sheet thickness is 2-3 mm. Flexural test is done and results are designed by using FRP Powder and retrofitting is to be done with FRP sheets. The behavior of beam is to be standard for conventional and retrofitting.

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A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) includes cellular wireless nodes. The communiqué among those cell nodes is executed with none centralized control. MANET is a self prepared and self configurable network in which the cellular nodes flow arbitrarily. The cellular nodes can get hold of and forward packets as a router. Routing is a critical difficulty in MANET and subsequently the point of interest of this paper along with the performance evaluation of routing protocols. We in comparison 3 routing protocols i.e. AODV, DSR and OLSR. Our simulation tool might be OPNET modeler. The overall performance of these routing protocols is analyzed by using 3 metrics: postpone, network load and throughput. All the three routing protocols are explained in a deep manner with metrics. The evaluation can be sporting out about these protocols and within the ultimate the belief could be supplied, that which routing protocol is the excellent one for mobile advert hoc networks.

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Ever since the birth of a person he starts consuming significant amount of energy in his daily life each and every day. This consumption of energy takes place in various forms, either conventional energy or non conventional energy. The conventional energy is limited type source while the non conventional energy is an unlimited type source. Biogas is a type of non conventional energy source this review paper is all about the utilization of the biogas as an alternative fuel in diesel engine. This can be done in two ways either by completely replacing the diesel fuel with biogas or by making an appropriate mixture of biogas, diesel and air. It is used in internal combustion engine as a supplementary fuel along with the diesel and air. Biogas is a very good option for fulfilling energy demand as far as current energy cries is concerned. This review paper is about the better utilization of the biogas in the diesel engines along with the present developed status of this energy option and the possible options of developments in this field.

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The recently concluded 'Indian Census 2011' showed that the population of India has crossed the 1 billion mark and the population of Maharashtra is somewhere around the 110 million. Considered to be one of India's leading States in terms of revenue and contribution to the GDP, the Census 2011 bore some interesting results for Maharashtra. The State of Maharashtra is the third largest State in the country with an area of about 3 million Sq. Km. Mumbai, a city that is considered to be the financial capital of India is part of the state of Maharashtra and has a population of over 100 million, making it the country's most populous city.

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Due to economic globalization and urbanization, traditional paradigms, urban metabolism, and governmental structure altered. To manage drastically increased urban population is the main challenge for any local government particularly for urban planner and policy maker in a 21st century. In this urbanization era so many terms are verdict like eco-city, sustainable city, green city, compact city and so on. However, the main question is how to reach this concept. However, quality of life is concepts that sustainably expand developing and industrial city since the 1970s. The quality of life is the tools that mainly focuses people’s happiness and give direction to the government about how to deal major urban problems. In this research paper study is conducted for Surat city, located in western part of India.This descriptive-analytical study attempt to examine the quality of life among seven zones of Surat city using both objective and subjective approach. The quality of life was found based on seven variable such as environment, health, economic, social, political, education, and infrastructure. To collect precise data, a questionnaire designed and reliability confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha as 0.846.The goal of this research work is to examine the quality of life of the citizen in Surat city. The mean of all parameter determined and got average QOL score for Surat city is 2.94. From the analysis, it is concluded that public is dissatisfied with political parameter (2.69) and physical environment parameter (2.48).

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In order to control the vibration of building during seismic events, base isolators is most commonly used for energy absorption. It dissipates the energy by its own characteristics and also changes the dynamic behaviour of the building. Today there are number of types of isolators available in the market, which uses a variety of materials and designs to obtain various levels of stiffness and damping. They are usually provided at the bottom of the building. In present study an attempt is made to compare seismic parameters of bare frame model and bare frame with friction pendulum system (FPS). Inherent Damping, stiffness, acceleration, velocity and storey displacement are calculated and compared. Results and conclusions are prepared on the basis of experimental study.

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Vehicle type plays an important role in the accident occurrence, lane changing process and capacity analysis. In heterogeneous traffic, like Indian roads, vehicle interaction is high due to different types of vehicles with difference in speed. Sizes of vehicle-type are same in existing vehicle classification. But, the performance characteristics of vehicle types are different. Grouping the vehicles based on performance characteristics and vehicle configuration is needed for multi-lane highways. The present study is an attempt to identify and group the same performance characteristics vehicles using dynamic cluster based on free-flow speed and Vehicle configuration. Classified traffic volume and spot-speed study have been carried out for a four lane divided highway (NH7 – Virudhunagar to Madurai stretch, Tamilnadu) in India. The road stretch has been chosen as far as away from the city influence to experience the free flow conditions. Considering only free-flow speed, Euclidean lengths for each existing vehicles types have been calculated. Based on Euclidean lengths, vehicles are classified into five groups. This five groups are further modified as eight groups considering the vehicle configuration also. Traffic composition and standard deviation of speeds for new vehicle types have been obtained as the performance characteristics.

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Stream-flow in arid and semi-arid regions should to be dominated by responses to intense rainfall events. Such events have a high degree of spatial variability, coupled with poorly gauged rainfall data. These set a fundamental limit on the capacity of any rainfall-runoff model to reproduce the observed flow. The IHACRES model is a conceptual parametrically efficient rainfall-runoff model that has been applied to a large number of catchments covering a diverse range of climatologist. While originally designed for more temperate climates, the IHACRES model has been successfully applied to a number of ephemeral streams in various catchments.

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Drainage is the process of interception and removal of water from over and under the vicinity of the road surface. Drainage can be surface or subsurface. In the study area there is Dry River is passing near to the road, so in monsoon season the other river stream which passing through the road which make the damage to pavement. There is insufficient drainage facilities which could not passing through it. By collecting the last 10 years rainfall data thus we can measure the intensity of water flowing. There is the Chainage data which have every specific distance with water flow level. At high flow level there is need to provide efficient drainage system. Using this information, calculate the water flow discharge and make the design of culvert at the specific area. Another option is to remove surface water by permeable pavement surface at shoulder. Which drain out the surface water to subgrade. Pavement surface incorporate good drainage can be expected to have a design life of two to three times of un-drained pavement sections.

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Many of the building structure or any reinforcement concrete structure (super structure) damaged due to the extra load or frequent earthquakes. Retrofitting is used for small cracks and small damage of beams, columns, slabs and other RCC structures. Retrofitting prevent the complete replacement for existing structure using external materials. Mild steel plates with connection (bolt, rivet, welding) use in retrofitting, plates use 1,2and 3 layer in all face of beams The earthquake is serious problem for any structure. The building damages due to ground motion of soil by earthquake, settlement of foundation, improper maintenance, concrete related problems, increase loads at structure etc. The cost of complete replacement of building very high and if the building is historical reconstruction is not possible solution in this case we used retrofitting. For retrofitting design three beams. Cross section dimensions of beams are 100 mm ×150 mm. The total length of each beam is 1800 mm. Using M-25 grade of concrete. The mix ratio of M-25 is 1:1.4:2.95 of cement coarse sand, and coarse aggregate. The ratio of 20 mm and 10 mm coarse aggregates 60:40. The water ratio is 5.417 L for a beam. Fe-500, 2 numbers of 10 mm Ø steel bar provided in tension zone and 2 numbers 8 mm Ø bar in compression zone and also used Fe-415, 6 mm strips bar according to IS-456-2000. The strips bar provided 100 c/c in beams. The beams cast in wooden cost mould. The cast beams curing 28 days. The all beams tested in UTM applied point load. The load is applied until beam failure. After crack generated load from the specimen. Calculate the load and deflection and plot the graphs for each beam. Then used 12 mm thickness steel plate and 14 mm Ø bolts connection for retrofitting. In first retrofitting used one steel plate at bottom side and one plate at top of beam. In second retrofitting used two steel plates at bottom side and two plates at top of beam. In third retrofitting used one steel plate at front side and one plate at back side of beam no plates use at top and bottom side of beam. After retrofitting tested in UTM point load applied. Plot the graph between load and deflection.

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The sugar industry generated strong waste water characterized by high COD and Turbidity. Furthermore, the sugar industry is one of the largest sources of industrial effluents. Hence, the cost effective treatment of sugar effluent for environmental protection is a challenging task. The removal of pollutants from sugar industries waste water is experimentally investigated using direct current electro-coagulation (EC). In this study, the effect of pH, electrolysis time (ET), applied voltages were examined. The COD and Turbidity in the aqueous phase is effectively remove when aluminums electrodes use. It is the observed that the removal efficiency is directly proportional to the electrode material contact time, voltage and inversely proportional to electrode gaps. In this paper we observed the highest removal of efficiency. The removal of COD and turbidity was 96% and 94%. Those electro-coagulation (EC) technology with aluminum electrode in bipolar parallel system could be an attractive alternative for the treatment of sugar effluents.

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Automobile manufacturers are competing intensely to improve the fuel efficiency of road vehicles. Drag is the highest aerodynamic force encountered by ground vehicles at normal highway speeds. The major contributor is the after-body because of the drag produced by the separation of the boundary layer at the rear. This increases the work done by the engine to propel the vehicle and consequently increase fuel consumption. Among other things reduction of drag is important for better fuel economy and vehicle handling.

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Air cooled chillers, one of the most widely used chillers for air-conditioning applications, are restricted to areas where the ambient temperatures are below 40oC. The compressor requires excess power and the refrigerating effect is also reduced thereby reducing the Coefficient of Performance (COP). One of the ways to lower the condenser temperature in such a chiller if blowing cooler air over the condenser coils. This could be achieved by using the cooled and humid air out of the cooling tower exit. The paper provides the estimation to enhance the performance of air-cooled chiller by blowing the cooling tower exhaust air to the condenser coils by a proposed ducting arrangement. The performance of the chillers was increased by 16% in addition to other benefit as regards to maintenance.

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The generation of electricity using fossil fuel, coal and diesel which causes global worming effects so it has required significant energy reduction in all areas but at the same time increasing number of electric appliances has increased energy consumption, so to overcome this problem we need to design and implement efficient energy management system with grid tied renewable resources. This system describes microcontroller based energy management system with the help of renewable resources such as solar panel and wind turbine with the help of MATLAB/Simulink software. Microcontroller is used to schedule and control the energy generation from solar panel, wind turbine and grid. The energy consumption of appliances and generation of renewable energies are used for analyzing the total energy estimation and control the energy to minimize the energy cost. The intermittent nature of wind and solar energy make them unreliable. Hence Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is used to get maximum power from solar and wind when it is available .The simulation result of these hybrid energy management system presented in graph which shows the effectiveness of proposed system model compare to stand alone system.

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Data mining is increasing important technology. In Data mining, collection of large amount data is hidden. This technology is used for extracting useful knowledge hidden from large collection of data. The main two issues in data mining are privacy violation and discrimination. This technique is used in data mining for decision making in various classification. In real life observation, the majority people do not want to be discriminated base on their gender, nationality, religion, age and so on. This types of attributes is used for decision making purpose such as giving job, loan, insurance etc. so that discrimination issue is arise. For that reason to find such attributes and deleting them from training data without affecting their decision making utility important. Discrimination is two types’ direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination occur when decision making utility is based on some sensitive attributes like race, religion, gender etc. Indirect discrimination occurs when decision making utility is based on non-sensitive attributes which are related to sensitive attributes. There are many new method propose for solving discrimination prevention problem by applying direct or indirect prevention one by one or both at same time. We discuss about how to clean training data sets and out sourced data sets in such way that direct and/or indirect discriminatory rules are converted to non-discriminatory rule. The propose system prevent the discrimination without affecting the data quality. In this paper, we mainly focus on anti-discrimination or hybrid approach (preferential sampling and direct and indirect discrimination) which helps to detect and prevent discrimination.

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Recommender system is a new technology which are the most recently used over the internet. It apply KDD process to analyse recommendation for information ,items or services during a active interaction. There are various techniques and algorithms used for recommender systems. In this paper we discuss collaborative filtering technique Tyco using the relations among users groups and item groups,Cluster based data mining k-means algorithm, Map reduce for speed up computing and aprior algorithm. Item-based techniques first recognized the user matrix to identify relationships between items and then use those relationships indirectly to evaluate recommendation for use. Item based algorithm has lower time cost than other CF methods. Further, it can obtain more accurate predictions with less number of big data error predictions.

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The Tor communication network uses self-reported bandwidth values to pick out routers for building tunnels. Since tunnels are allotted in proportion to the present information measure, this permits a malicious router operator to draw in tunnels for compromise. Although Tor limits the self-reported information measure, it uses a high most price, effectively selecting performance over high secrecy for all users. We tend to propose a router choice formula that permits users to regulate the exchange between performance and secrecy. We conjointly propose AN expedient information measure formula to switch self-reported values that's a lot of sensitive to load and a lot of tuned in to dynamic network conditions. Our mechanism effectively blends the traffic from users of various preferences, making partitioning attacks tough. We enforced the expedient measure and tunable performance extensions and examined their performance each through simulation and within the real Tor network. Our results show that users will get dramatic will increase in either performance or secrecy with little to no sacrifice within the different metric, or a diminished improvement in each. Our mechanisms also are secure to the antecedently published low-resource attacks on Tor.

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This study was performed to investigate the effect of supplementing beef fat 3% on broiler performance and feed utilization including: Feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), water consumption, carcass characteristics, protein efficiency ratio, lysine efficiency ratio, efficiency of energy utilization, mortality, relative water consumption, and production efficiency factor. Two hundred unsexed broiler chicks, 28 day-old (Ross 308) were used. The Chicks were randomly distributed into 2 treatments experimental groups, designated T1 and T2, each group has 4 replicates of 25 chicks. Birds were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks. They were fed finisher diets from 29th to 49th day old, in which 3% beef fat was added to the isocalaric and isonitrogenous to T2 diet, 0% beef fat (Tallow)T1 (Control group). Live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, lysine efficiency ratio, efficiency of energy utilization, water consumption, relative water consumptionÙ« production efficiency factor, carcass characteristics were determined. The results showed highly significant differences (p<0.01) between groups T1 and T2, in live body weight, body weight gain, carcass weightÙ« water consumptionÙ« feed conversion ratioÙ« lysine efficiency ratio and production efficiency factor. No significant differences were found between groups T1 and T2, in feed consumption, efficiency of energy utilization and protein efficiency ratio. Therefore it is concluded that adding beef fat based diets improved broiler performance and feed utilization.

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Current paper shows the experimental results of the variations in the temperature inside an automobile cabin when it’s parked under the sunlight. When an automobile is parked without any shaded over it, so there’s a continuous heat accumulation through Windshields, Glass windows, roof and doors. Heat has no other space to move out of the cabin except a minor infiltration due to leakages if any in the body, and internal heat is trapped due to sunlight. An automobile kept in direct sunlight faces this problem of overheating of inside ambient air due to sunlight. Further, heat is also absorbed by the interiors increases the temperature of the cabin and cabin eventually turns up into a ‘Green House’ where heat is trapped inside and keeps accumulating resulting in the increased temperature of the cabin environment.

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CNG is well known for biggest alternative fuel. Main Aim of project is enable use of Natural gas at higher compression ratio. It can be achieved by Dual Fuel Engine. The research on Dual Fuel is carried out to reduce Dependence of CI engine on Diesel Fuel. Natural gas is used as main gaseous fuel and injected in inlet manifold and Diesel is used as pilot fuel to initiate combustion. According to literature survey, Performance and Emission of Dual Fuel engine varied according to the Amount of CNG. So the substitution is varied in order to achieve better performance and reduce emission. In this work, single cylinder 4 stroke CI engine is converted to run on duel Fuel mode and Effect of CNG substitution on Performance and Emission is studied and compared with conventional Diesel Engine.

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Today’s large demand of internet application’s requires data to be transmitted in a secure manner. Data transmission in pubic communication system is not secure because of interception and improper manipulation. So the solution of this problem is steganography. Which is art and science of writing hidden message in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intent recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity. A steganography technique for embedding information in audio using LSB based algorithm with discrete wavelet transform here, we increased the capacity of the classical LSB insertion method by performing the embedded process in the wavelet domain. The two most important parameters for audio steganography algorithm are peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) and mean square error(MSE). We have applied the least significant bit technique with DWT to improve PSNR and MSE. The results have shown increased security, improve the parameter, increased robustness. This research focuse on audio steganographyin wavelet domain, in form of waveform audio file format.is used as a substitution technique. In order to increase PSNR and decreased MSE, A secure LSB based audio steganography is proposed.

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Check Dams are constructed with the objective of augmenting ground water resources and to improve its quality. Effects of check dam on ground water recharge both quantitative and qualitative are studied at Sayala village of Surendranagar District in Gujarat. There are four Check Dams are constructed at Sayala during study period. Rainfall data collected from nearby rain gauge station and data showing water level in the well are collected from observation well for the assessment of the impacts of check dam on ground water. The data collected from observation well for quality parameter of water (Na- and TDS) present in ground water is used to prepare line chart, both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon test data for assessing the ground water quality. The data collected for water level from observation well is plotted in column chart and discussed and assessed water table fluctuation.

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For factors leading to strategic business plan for the growth of construction industry in commercial sector, getting an integrated view of business model of commercial region which gives pricing strategy and defines competitive conditions. All this are consistent and properly harmonized for determining financial needs. Strategy is divided into three broad levels like- corporate, business and functional level strategy. So to determine which strategy is applicable for a particular region and to examine competition, a simple portfolio analysis is done using questionnaire. By using coordinates from this, the competitive advantages and market attractiveness will be determined. Hence giving us our sector position in the market which allows to grade our business by matrix of strategies.

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