Welding is an area in which technological developments out match the developments in its science base which is primarily driven by the phenomenal industrial demand for welded structure. Reliability, Reproducibility and Viability requirements are forcing Technologists to look at weld defects such as distortion, hot cracking, in a systematic and logical approach than on experimental basis. Distortion is an unwanted physical change from specifications in a fabricated structures is caused by non-uniform expansion and contraction of the weld metal during heating and cooling cycle of the welding process many factors viz., material properties, welding process and procedures adopted make accurate prediction of distortion difficult. Groove angle, Root gap and root face was taken to analyze tensile strength in butt weld joints

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In the present paper, the beginning prolongation and ending of an epileptic seizure is determined through the analysis of EEG signals. The electrical activity of the brain consists of numerous classes that too with overlapping characteristics, which makes the problem challenging. Identification of features to separate the epileptic data from other kinds of brain activity was the first step in the problem solving approach. Followed by this, pre-processing and filtering techniques were applied to separate the epileptic signals from the non-epileptic ones.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of Y+ value for capturing laminar sub-layer along the length for fully developed turbulent flow through pipe. It is important to capture the build out of a fluid flow and head loss in a pipe at higher Reynolds number. A finite element method (FEM) solver with k-ε turbulence model implemented with the help of ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 to scrutinize the flow of water at varying velocities as a result varying higher Reynolds number in a 3D pipe. This paper demonstrates computational investigation of turbulent flow inside pipes for varying inlet velocity. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Turbulent model; the k-ε model is used for the simulation. The Reynolds number varies based upon the inlet velocity. The material of pipe is not the concern. The fluid used for this purpose is water of density 1000 kg/m3. The results acquired are well in agreement with the results acquired experimentally.

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The way in which components are connected is the key to several quality factors of software. Coupling is the manner and degree of interdependency between software modules. Low coupling is a sign of a well-structured computer system and good design. Object- oriented languages are designed for reducing interdependency between various classes but at the same time, the object oriented language characteristics change the way the connections are established, how they must be analyzed, and measured. There has been much research effort to develop and empirically validate metrics for OO design quality and strong theoretical background but because of lack of tools we are not able to collect the accurate values of those metrics. In this paper implementation of the Java Source Code analysis tool is described which takes use of Java parser as well as entity data structure. This tool will be useful to give accurate strength of coupling between various classes present in Java software.

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Document categorization is the method of classifying the documents from mixed documents into particular specific documents such that they belong to the same classes. Classification is a data mining technique used to predict group membership for data instances. The relevance of keywords in documents and text mining has become very essential. An easy way of storing creates the need for a convenient way of retrieval which simplifies that what is the use of storing documents if they cannot be found. Resultantly, categorization of documents has been applied to make it easier to find relevant information. Classifying the documents is more convenient and virtuous. Thus, the main aim of this research is to design an improved KNN classifying technique so as to classify large sets of documents with improved accuracy in lesser time in terms of F-measure and G-measure.

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Spindle of VMC450 machine is an important component of a vertical machining center. The spindle shaft rotates at different speeds and holds a carbide tool cutter, which machines a work piece attached to the machine tool table. The stiffness of spindle directly affects the VMC machining productivity and finish excellence of work pieces. Spindle shaft is the weakest point in machine tool structure, increasing its stiffness will increase machine tools accuracy and machining product quality. High productivity needs machine tools with high speed machining proficiency, which leads into unavoidable dynamic effects that occur in the machine tools spindle during production process such as regenerative chatter. The objective of this dissertation is to optimize the parameters inducing the stiffness of the high Speed VMC spindle. In this dissertation work, the significant parameters of the spindle bearing spam, diameter, over hanging length, torque are considered while modeling the spindle. The Modeling as well as the analysis of the spindle is done by using ANSYS ® software.

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Sorting is a technique that arranges data in a specific order, whether it be ascending or descending or lexicographical. Various sorting algorithms have been proposed till the time. Radix Sort is one of them. Our aim is to apply clustering mechanism with radix sort. Elements to be sorted are grouped into various clusters on the basis of their distance from each other. For this purpose K-mean clustering algorithm is used. Then these clusters are sorted separately using radix sort. By using this approach efficiency of radix sort has been increased. This Paper is based on the study of various research papers in the field of Radix Sort.

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The optimization techniques help in predicting the performance and emission characteristics at best combination of engine input parameters. The current work related to various research contributions by different researchers for optimizing performance and emission parameters of a compression ignition engines. It is observed that RSM is an effective statistical tool for designing the experiments of engine input parameters and computational tools like GA helps in predicting optimal solutions.

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Waste cooking cottonseed oils are used in the present work for the production of biodiesel through trans-esterification process by applying RSM based on CCRD approach. The interaction effects of input process parameters on waste cooking cottonseed biodiesel are also analyzed in order to predict the nature of response (biodiesel yield).

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The major amount of worldwide transportation is done by using automobiles. In automotive industries truck chassis are designed as per the design standards but the bodies manufactured by various manufacturers are designed without standard design considerations. In India there is huge market of these manufacturers. These bodies are manufactured as per their loading capacity, there is no standardization of design considering engine vibrations and dynamic performance. Truck bodies manufactured without design standards are unsafe for dynamic performance. The body is excited by dynamic force induced by the engine. Under such dynamic excitations, the body tends to vibrate at some frequency, as truck engine operating rpm range is between 900rpm to 3000rpm. Because of engine, truck body undergoes vibration range between 15Hz to 50Hz. Whenever the natural frequency of vibration of a truck body structure coincides with the frequency of the external excitation induced by engine, there occurs a phenomenon known as resonance, at resonance drastic increase in deflection occurs which leads to excessive deflections and failure of the truck body structure. Hence there exists a need for the industry sector to modify the design of dump truck body structure which allows dump truck body to withstand safe between engine excitation frequencies and simultaneously improvising the strength, reducing weight, and prolonged operational life.

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In the new technology of VLSI, Communication and signal processing. there is an vast demand for the high speed and low area design. In this project we have designed compressor based multiplier, We introduced 4:2 Compressor replaced several half adder and full adder then reduced the complexity of circuit and addition to that by using vedic mathematics. There are 16 sutras in vedic multiplication in which “Urdhawa Tiryakbhyam” has been noticed to be the most efficient one in terms of speed. The multiplier is coded in VHDL and synthesis and simulation by using Xilinx ISE 13.1. Further the design multiplier compared with proposed multiplier in terms of delay and area.

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Reinforced concrete profound beams are generally utilized as exchange braces as a part of seaward structures and establishments, dividers of fortifications and burden bearing dividers in structures. The nearness of web openings in such beams is every now and again required to give availability, for example, entryways and windows or to oblige vital administrations, for example, ventilating and aerating and cooling conduits. Broadening of such openings because of structural/mechanical necessities and/or an adjustment in the building's capacity would decrease the component's shear limit, along these lines rendering a serious wellbeing risk. Constrained studies have been accounted for in the writing on the conduct and quality of RC profound beams with openings. At the point when such development is unavoidable satisfactory measures ought to be taken to reinforce the shaft and balance the quality decrease. The present exploratory examination manages the investigation of profound beams containing openings and the approval of results with FEM model utilizing ANSYS. An aggregate of 5 profound beams with openings are threw without shear reinforcements and are tried under three-point stacking. Test example has a cross segment of 150x460 mm and an aggregate length of 1200 mm. Two roundabout openings, one in every shear range, are put symmetrically about the mid-purpose of the bar. The basic reaction of RC profound beams with openings was essentially reliant on the level of the interference of the normal burden way. Remotely reinforced GFRP shear fortifying around the openings was discovered exceptionally successful in redesigning the shear quality of RC profound beams. The quality addition brought about by the GFRP sheets was in the scope of 68–125%. Limited component demonstrating of RC profound beams containing openings reinforced with GFRP sheets is considered utilizing ANSYS and the outcomes are contrasted and trial discoveries.

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In recent years, applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been increased due to its connection between the physical world to the virtual world. The cost of the wireless sensor nodes have been reduced because of the advancements in the microelectronics manufacturing technology. It is the need to deploy more number of nodes in the network to assure the better quality. The failed node in the network is a huge problem as it affects the operation of entire network. As the number of nodes increases in the network, there is an increase in probability of failed nodes. It is essential to detect such nodes and take corrective measures. In the proposed method, faulty sensor node is detected by measuring the round trip delay (RTD) time of discrete round trip paths and comparing them with threshold value.

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Image enhancement is a process of improving the perception or interpretability of the information in image. The main objective of image enhancement is to improve some characteristics of an image to make it visually better for human viewer. These are the various types of image enhancement techniques like contrast enhancement etc. Contrast enhancement technique includes the methods like Histogram Equalization (HE), Brightness preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization(BBHE), Dualistic sub-image Histogram Equalization (DSIHE), Minimum mean Brightness Bi-Historgram Equalization (MMBEBHE). Contrast enhancement improves the perceptibility of an image by changing the pixel intensity of input image. This paper presents review of different image contrast enhancement techniques.

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In this paper we address issue of unplanned use of water which inadvertently results in wastage of water. In AUTOMATIC GRID IRRIGATION SYSTEM, the most significant advantage is that flow of water is cut when moisture in soil goes above a pre-set threshold value. This saves us a lot of water. By installing this system, the user will also be indicated through a SMS to his mobile whenever the soil is too wet or adequate water is used. Usually, when there are plants in the house, people water their plants whenever necessary by themselves. This process consumes a lot of time and sometimes more than required water is supplied to the plants. Because of this extra usage of water for gardening, there is a wastage of water.

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In the recent years, the quality and the usability of database systems have received more attention. The performance of database systems has gained more improvement in the past decades so, they are more and more difficult to use. The why-not questions are the users need to know why her expected tuples are not shown up in the query results i.e. the features of explaining missing tuples in database queries. Database systems is having the capability that enables users to seek clarifications on expected query results as well as the absence of expected tuples (i.e. missing tuples). It would be very helpful to users if they referred why-not questions to seek clarifications on expected tuples in query results. The problem of answering why-not questions on top-k queries, there are two algorithms to answer such why-not questions efficiently. In proposed system user can give a SQL query as input. The system includes Selection, Projection, Join, Union and Aggregation (SPJUA) query operations. After execution of query user expected answer is not in query result, then user can ask a why-not question for expected result. In a Why-Not Top-K Question algorithm the weighting value is calculated for an expected result. The Weighting value is used for the highest preference of user expected tuples which limits its practicability. In a Why-Not Top-K Dominating Question algorithm there is no need to specify the weighting value. These algorithms are able to return high quality explanations efficiently. Then Refined Query is generated for user expected answer. The ConQueR method generates the refined query by modifying the predicates value which is provided by user in the query. Many users love to pose those kinds of queries when they are making multi-criteria decisions and user need approximate information from the huge Database.

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In today’s digital environment, text databases are rapidly increasing due to use of internet and communication mediums. Different text mining techniques are used for knowledge discovery and Information retrieval. Text data contains the side information or side attribute with the text data. Side attribute may be the metadata associated with text data like author, coauthor or citation network, document provenance information, web links or other kind of data which provide more insights about the text documents. Such side information contains tremendous amount of information for the clustering purpose. Using such side information in the categorization process provides more refine clustered data. But sometimes side information may be noisy and results in wrong categorization which decreases the quality of clustering process. Therefore, a new advance method for mining of text data using side information is suggested, which combines partitioning approach with probabilistic estimation model for the mining of text data along with the side information.

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In this paper we have a tendency to deals with the various sorts of optimization of power flow downside through interconnected system. The target of this paper is to use Differential Evolution formula for resolution optimum power flow problem. The target of this paper is to attenuate the overall fuel price of thermal generating units having quadratic price characteristics subjected to limits on generator real and reactive power outputs, bus voltages, electrical device faucets and power flow of transmission lines of various ways of optimum power flow. The work can introduce an abstract summary and elaborate rationalization of Differential Evolution formula also as however it may be used for resolution. Optimum power flow issues. Inherent defect of the normal ways of finding the optimum power answer are going to be mentioned at the side of different biological process ways of finding optimum power answer. A comparative study of various biological process programming technique is going to be done and also the effectiveness of Differential Evolution formula is going to be tested. The projected methodology is going to be tested beneath simulated conditions on IEEE systems. The optimum power flow results victimization Differential Evolution are going to be compared with different ways.

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Casting process is the most widely used process in manufacturing industries especially in automobile products. Foundry industry suffers from the poor quality and productivity due the large number of process parameter. Since the quality of casting parts is mostly influenced by process condition, how to determine the optimum process condition becomes the key to improving part quality. Improvement in casting quality is the process of finding the root cause of occurrence of defects such as sand drop, blow hole and shrinkage in the rejection of casting and taking necessary steps to reduce the defects. Good quality of casting can be achieved by optimization of controllable process parameters such as compatibility, permeability and green compression strength. The effects of these parameters on casting defects and subsequent setting of parameters with the levels have been accomplished by Taguchi’s parameter design approach. Taguchi based L9 orthogonal array have been used for the experimentation and result has been carried out using Minitab 14 software for analysis of variance. The selected process parameters and verification experiment has been performed for finding the optimal value.

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To Find Correct web service we need to have a QoS-based approach for an effective web service recommendation. Web Services are one kind of software component which is designed to support machine to machine interaction over a web. With increasing use and adoption of Web services on the World Wide Web, Quality-of-Service (QoS) is becoming important for describing nonfunctional characteristics of Web services. In this paper, we present a collaborative filtering approach for prediction of QoS values of Web services and making Web service recommendation [1] by taking advantages of past usage experiences of service users. We first propose a user-collaborative mechanism for past Web service QoS information collection from different service users. Then, based on the collected QoS data, a collaborative filtering approach is designed to predict Web service QoS values.

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Demand of energy increases day by day and the major part of human life is depended on the energy, is fulfilled by non-renewable sources of energy. Fossil fuel like petrol and diesel are the major energy producer. When the combustion of this takes place than higher amount of energy is generated but we have to compromise with our health and our nature because of the major amount of hazardous gases and other matters produced which have negative impact on life cycle of human being and nature. So the key point is that we should try to overcome that problem with our great technological development and researches. In this paper an effort applied which is related with the diesel engine with Exhaust gas recirculation cooler and controls the particulate matter entitled due to the combustion of diesel fuel and affect of the particulate matter on Human concerns include effects on breathing and the respiratory system, damage to lung tissue, and premature death. Small particles penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory disease such as emphysema and bronchitis, and aggravate existing heart disease. In this work an experimental analysis is done on the diesel engine test rig attached with Exhaust gas recirculation cooler and some experimental data were collected. On the basis of that experimental Data models of EGR cooler were designed with their different Shell and tube geometry. And simulation is done on ANSYS 15.0.

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In Plate bending machine, the generation of force, its transmission and amplification are achieved using fluid. The liquid system exhibits the characteristics of solid and provides a positive and rigid medium of power transmission and amplification. In a easy application, a smaller piston transfers fluid under high pressure to a cylinder having a comparatively larger piston area, thereby amplifying the force. Thus resulting in easy transmissibility of large amount of energy with unlimited force amplification. It also has a very low inertia effect. The aim of the project is to modify the major component of one cylinder four post hydraulic press so that rigidity and strength is increased by using minimum material. The function of the major components like frame, bottom plate, bed, top box is to absorb forces to provide precise slide guidance and to support the drive system and other auxiliary unit. The structural design of any component depends on the pressing force this determines the rigidity. The machine currently under use does not have high rigidity and needs to be redesigned.

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Shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type heat exchanger widely use in oil refinery and other large chemical process, because it suits high pressure application. The process in solving simulation consists of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger using CFD package ANSYS 15.0. The objective of the paper is design of shell and tube heat exchanger with helical baffle and study the flow, pressure and temperature field inside the shell using ANSYS software tools. In this present work, the heat exchanger contains 9 tubes 600 mm in length and shell diameter 76.1595 mm. The helix angle of helical baffle will be varied from 00 to 200. In simulation will show how the pressure varies in shell due to different helix angle and flow rate. The flow pattern in the shell side of the heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles was forced to be rotational and helical due to the geometry of the continuous helical baffles, which results in a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop in the heat exchanger. The quality of the solution has proved that CFD is effective to predict the behavior and performance of heat exchanger.

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Increasing consumption of petroleum fuels all over the world and limitations to the extraction of it has led to measurable increase in its prices per liter. Also, a concern towards its environmental effects is limiting its use. This is asking for an alternate fuel source which will provide a comprehensive solution. Biodiesel is one of the alternatives which are being widely studied. Production of biodiesel from oil seeds is limited by crop land displacement. Production of biodiesel from algae is a promising option. As it is cultivated in ponds, there will be no crop land displacement and its yield is more than that of oil seeds. The present work aims to focus on the performance of a diesel engine with algae oil as fuel. In order to use the oil in engine, its blends with the petroleum diesel were prepared. The properties of algae oil and its blends were tested and the results were compared with properties of neat diesel. It is found that, the properties of neat algae oil and its blends are very close to the properties of neat diesel. Also the calorific value of the blends of algae oil is very close to neat diesel. The results of the tests are inspiring for the aim of this project. The prepared blends were used to run a variable compression ratio engine and its performance is studied. The result shows small reduction in torque, brake power and brake thermal efficiency. Also the specific fuel consumption increases with increase in blending ratio. The emissions of CO, CO2 and HC decreased with slight increase in emission of NOx. B10 blend shows good overall result. However it can be concluded that, algae biodiesel can be blended with straight diesel up to 20% to use in a diesel engine without any modification.

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Wind turbines are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. High cost of wind turbines, high cost for maintenance, lots of broken wind turbines were left idle, high noise level and inefficient wind are some of the major disadvantages of wind turbines. In this project experiment, we have concentrated in putting out one such disadvantage of the wind turbine. Most of the wind turbines use the wind energy to turn the mechanical parts. Often because of sudden wind currents and gusts due to heavy storms and hurricanes the mechanical components are under severe stresses. This may cause damage to both the turbine blades and the generator components. Present system to overcome this issue say hydraulic clutches and brakes is not much efficient. During the maintenance process, changing of the hydraulic fluid is very time consuming and require sophisticated machineries. Therefore the maintenance cost becomes high. To overcome this issue, the hydraulic clutches are replaced with electromagnetic clutches that are cheaper, easier to replace and more efficient. A miniature prototype model was fabricated to explain the use of hydraulic clutch in wind turbines. With this project, high cost of maintenance and breakdown of turbines can be reduced.

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