The effect of soil flexibility is generally ignored in the seismic design of building. The design is generally carried out based on the results of dynamic analysis considering fixed base condition. Flexibility of soil causes lengthening of natural period due to overall decrease in stiffness of the structural system. Such lengthening alters the seismic response of the building frame to some extent. It is therefore, necessary that the dynamic inter-relationship between soil and structure to be taken into account in the seismic analysis of structures. For such analysis the buildings with 5, 10, 15 stories having the same plan are modeled for Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF) and Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) by two approaches, namely frames with fixed support and frames with supports accounting for soil flexibility. The soil stiffness for various types of soil and foundation based on the properties, namely shear modulus, poisons ratio of the soil and shape and size of footings are computed. The soil stiffness is computed as per FEMA 356 guidelines. Modeling the structural system accordingly, a comparative study of response is made in terms of natural period, base shear, displacements and support reactions. The results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. In order to evaluate the seismic response of the structure, the dynamic properties of the combined soil structure system needs to be established. Owing to the difference in responses of a rigidly supported structure and elastically supported structure, it is essential to study the effect of soil stiffness on structure for the realistic design.

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Power quality is the major concern in today electrical power system. One of the major issues in improving power quality in distribution network. In distribution system voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonic interruption etc. are the main power quality problem. Among out of these, the voltage sag are most severe disturbances. To solve this problem, custom power devices are used. The DVR is a powerful device or a controller that is commonly used for voltage sags mitigation at the point of connection. DVR is fast, flexible and efficient solution to voltage sag problem. The DVR is a custom power device (CPD) which is connected in series with the network to maintain precise voltage in electrical distribution system. A DVR inject a voltage in series with the system voltage. This paper describes the principle of DVR operation, basic component, DVRs topologies system in distribution system, modeling and analysis of DVR. Fault are applied for DVR in distribution system and response of the system for this disturbances are observed. The result are achieved by using MATLAB.

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This research paper deals with sand dune vegetation in East Midnapore district, West Bengal, India. Species richness and diversity is high in coast line of East Midnapore district. Sand dune vegetation, their succession and ecological value have been studied. Various sand dune stabilizer plant species have well adapted on the sand dunes. On sand dune Cynodon dactylon, Indigofera dendroides, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Lippia nodiflora, Evovulus nummlarius & glycosmis pentaphylla are dominant plant species and also they are natural sand dune stabilizers. Casuarinas equisetifolia is man-made and natural vegetation on sand dunes.

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The present research paper has been constructed by the author on the topic of cultivated invasive ornamental plants in East Midnapore district, West Bengal, India. To construct this paper frequent small sudden field trips at various nurseries throughout the Medinipur have been organised in different season. From many old Rajbari (House of land lord) various cultivated invasive ornamental plants have been founded. 24 cultivated invasive ornamental plant species have been recorded under 17 families. 16 plant species in 24 plant species have come from America.

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A great interest in environment friendly alternative energy sources that can reduce dependency on fossil fuels has been rising. The conversion of biomass to chemical energy commonly takes via thermo-chemical and bio-chemical tools. Among thermo-chemical conversion, gasification converts biomass into burnable gases, such as H2, CO, CH4 that can be used in boilers and in internal combustion engine or turbine to produce electricity generation. Fluidized beds are used for a wide variety of fuels; this flexibility with respect to different fuels is actually another stronghold of fluidized beds. The fluidization principle is straight forward: passing a fluid upward through a filled bed of solids produces a pressure drop due to fluid drag. Several researchers had worked on bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and use sized biomass like sawdust, rise husk, coir pitch, and olive pits, and coconut shell. But with biomass used as fuel in fluidized bed Gasifier with good quality of producer gas can be achieve by changing equivalence ratio and fluidization velocity.

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The main objective of this paper is to study the effects of winglet on aerofoil NACA 2415 using CFD. This is to be done by comparing the aerodynamics characteristics which include Drag coefficient (CD), Lift coefficient (CL), and Lift to Drag ratio (L/D) of with and without winglet model. Induced drag can be reduced by using wing-tip device like Winglet. Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used for better accuracy around the boundary wall of wing. The geometry of wing models and meshing are carried out by ANSYS 15 software. The computational simulation is carried out by ANSYS FLUENT with low Mach number 0.23 at various angle of attack. The aerodynamic characteristic of wing with and without winglet is to be measured and compared for best aerodynamic characteristics.

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Pipeline is a technique used to increase the instruction throughput (the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time). Pipelining doesn't reduce the time it takes to complete an instruction; it increases the number of instructions that can be processed at once, thus reducing the delay between completed instructions. The fundamental idea is to split the processing of a computer instruction into a series of independent steps, with storage at the end of each step. This allows the computer's control circuitry to issue instructions at the processing rate of the slowest step, which is much faster than the time needed to perform all steps at once. The term pipeline refers to the fact that each step is carrying data at once (like water), and each step is connected to the next (like the links of a pipe.) The terms, "Fetch, Decode, and execute" that become common usage in pipelining. In fetch, the instruction is fetched from the memory. In decode, instruction is decoded and in execute, it is executed i.e. result is got from the ALU. Implementation of three stage pipelining has been done taking the ALU design.

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An automatic irrigation system was developed to optimize water uses for agricultural crops. The main objective is to provide an energy efficient algorithm for wireless sensor network used in irrigation system to minimize power consumption. Communication between the sensor nodes and the data receiver is done via Zigbee protocol. Internet link allows supervision through mobile telecommunication devices, such as a Smartphone. The irrigation system can be adjusted to a variety of specific crop needs and requires minimum maintenance. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors placed in the root zone of the plants to detect the water level and temperature respectively. This work describes details of the design and instrumentation of variable rate irrigation, a wireless sensor network, and software for real-time in-field sensing and control of a site-specific precision linear-move irrigation system. This work also introduces the Soil moisture collection in a Precision Irrigation System using the new platform, named DZ50, which is based on the ATmega328P micro-controller and the RFM12b transceiver, and consumes very low energy in low-power mode.

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Repair of concrete structures is a composite process involving repair materials and old concrete components. The mechanical and durability properties of concrete and repair materials have to be considered before the selection of repair material for any specific repair. An effort to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of native concrete and repair materials is made. The durability of bond by analyzing the compatibility between native concrete and repair materials has been studied and checked through finite element methods. In the present study, the properties such as compression, tension, bond strength and bending strength of concrete, mortar and repair materials i.e. Styrene Butadiene co-polymer rubber (SBR) modified mortar and Acrylic based polymer modified mortar have been evaluated. The results and mode of failure of composite cylinders and composite beams are compared. These results directly reflects the compatibility between the applied repair materials when it is patched with the native concrete and provides a scope for further research works.

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Tall building structures are in practice now a days. Due to the frequent earthquakes happening around the world, these buildings need to be designed Earthquake resistant. The second order effect or P-delta effect has to be included in the analysis since the deflections are generally large for tall building structures. The objective of the current work is to study is to the influence of second order or P-Delta effect in the structural behaviour of tall building structures. Alternative lateral load resisting systems i.e. OMRF (Ordinary moment resisting system), SMRF (Special moment resisting system), Shear wall system and Bracing system for the tall building structures are considered. For this purpose 5, 10, 15 and 20 story structures are modelled and analysed using ETABS software and using the Indian Standard Codes for analysis and design namely, IS 1893:2002, IS 456:2000. The buildings modelled are with floor area of (20m x 20m) with 4 bays of 5m span along both directions.

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Graph databases have been widely used as important tools to model and query complex graph data with the emergence of many real applications such as social networks, Semantic Web, biological networks, and so on, wherein each vertex in a graph usually contains information, which can be modeled by a set of tokens or elements. Liang Hong, Lei Zou, Xiang Lian, Philip S. Yu proposed the method for subgraph matching with set similarity (SMS2) query over a large graph database, which retrieves subgraphs that are structurally isomorphic to the query graph, and meanwhile satisfy the condition of vertex pair matching with the (dynamic) weighted set similarity. To handle the above problem, efficient pruning techniques are proposed by considering both vertex set similarity and graph topology. Frequent patterns are determined for the element sets of the vertices of data graph, and lightweight signatures for both query vertices and data vertices are designed in order to process the SMS2 query efficiently. Based on the determined frequent patterns of elements sets of vertices and signatures, an efficient two-phase pruning strategy including set similarity pruning and structure-based pruning is proposed to facilitate online pruning. Finally, an efficient dominating-set-based subgraph match algorithm guided by a dominating set selection algorithm is proposed to find subgraph matches in order to achieve better query performance. All the techniques are designed for the distributed systems using Apache Spark in order to offer a better price/performance ratio than centralized systems and to increase availability using redundancy when parts of a system fail.

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