As the Solar effects continues to work at a rapid pace, it begins to generate heat. If this heat is not kept in check, the space could overheat and eventually increases itself. Fortunately, a cooling space include a solar duct, which dissipates the heat from the space, preventing it from overheating with the increase in heat dissipation from space and the reduction in overall form factors, thermal management becomes a more and more important element of solar duct product design. Both the performance reliability and life expectancy of solar duct are inversely related to the component temperature of the system. The relationship between the reliability and the operating temperature of a typical aluminum solar duct with artificial roughness component shows that a reduction in the temperature corresponds to an exponential increase in the reliability and life expectancy of the system. Therefore, long life and reliable performance of a component may be achieved by effectively controlling the solar duct operating temperature within the limits set by the device design engineers.

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In Cylindrical roller bearing The end corners cylindrical roller are crowned to maximize load carrying potential, reduce edge loading, edge stress concentration and tolerate some minor misalignment. Cylindrical roller is also crowned in order to uniformly distribute the stress concentration and pressure over roller profile outer and inner raceways. The new proposed design of cylindrical roller relies on creating crown profile at both ends of a roller. The uniform pressure distribution should not cause the damage of materials. The proposed design of cylindrical roller will be analysis by using FEA and results will be compared with standard cylindrical roller profile. By using analysis and profile changing of the bearing improving the load carrying capacity of the bearing.

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A full three-dimensional, single phase computational fluid dynamics model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with both gas distribution flow channels and Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) has been developed. A single set of conservation equations which are valid for the flow channels, gas-diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers, and the membrane region are developed and numerically solved using a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics technique. In this research, some parameters such as oxygen consumption, water production, temperature distribution, ohmic losses, anode water activity, cathode over-potential and the fuel cell performance for straight single cell were investigated in more detail. The numerical simulations reveal that these important operating parameters are highly dependent on each other and the fuel cell efficiency is affected by kind of species distribution. 3D computational model for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been developed, and implemented into a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code. The model allows parallel computing, thus making it practical to perform well-resolved simulations for large computational domains. So for, especial uses in desirable voltages, for preventing from the unwilling losses, these numerical results can be useful.

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Cognitive Radio is a promising method of radio communication which enables efficient use of the frequency spectrum. The efficiency is obtained by influentially alloting frequency bands within the spectrum to different users even if they are not licensed. In Cognitive Radios, various parameters of the system must be taken into account in order to obtain an ideal system. This process incorporates processes for sensing whether the spectrum is available, sensing which area is best for use which ensure all users achieve an adequate quality of service. This paper presents the performance of Cognitive Radio in different Signal to noise ratios along with probability of detection and misdetection. The paper compares different simulation results and identifies significance of their efficiencies using Energy detection spectrum sensing method.

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Use of HALO scheme to achieve finest routing is newly developed better approach. By using the technique every node, for every other node, the algorithm independently and iteratively updates the fraction of traffic destined to that leaves on every of its outgoing links. At every iteration, the updates are calculated by using on the shortest path calculations to each destination which in turns determined by the marginal costs of the network’s links. That means the marginal link costs are used to find the shortest paths are in turn obtained from link-state updates that are flooded through the network after every iteration. This technique is also adaptive which means it automatically detects the static network changes and takes decisions considering the other available means. Though this has achieved to eliminate the trade-off between optimality and ease of implementation and routing still it can work elegantly if we tried to reduce the acknowledgement overhead traffic. This paper project that there is a congestion issue due to acknowledgements which is to be reduced by using 2ACK system with triplet model and this has helped to reduce traffic and improve link utilization. This paper also gives experimental results to support these theoretical facts.

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Earthquakes are the most dangerous and unpredictable forces in nature. Seismic behaviour of structures is always an area of concern and requires special attention from structural designers. Presence of plan and vertical irregularities further complicates the seismic behaviour of the structures and also makes the structures more vulnerable to seismic forces. Pushover analysis, which is gaining popularity as an effective tool to quantify the seismic vulnerability of structures, is a good method of analysis to deal with structures with irregularities. In the present study, an attempt is made to study the seismic vulnerability of buildings with plan irregularities using pushover analysis. In the present study 3 storey, 6 storey and 9 storey structures of regular configurations as well as varying amount of irregularities has been modelled and analysed. ETABS, an efficient FE analysis tool, has been used for the analysis. The modelling and loading considerations are according to relevant Indian codes while pushover analysis has been carried out according to FEMA and ATC codes. The parameters compared involve base shear carrying capacity, displacement capacity, performance point and the status of hinges formed. An attempt was also made to study and quantify the improvement in the seismic capacity of the structure by strengthening it using shear wall elements. The results of the analysis revealed that the structures with plan irregularity are more vulnerable to seismic forces compared to regular structures. Irregular structures possessed much lower base shear capacity compared to regular structures and the states of hinges formed were also at higher damage states. The introduction of shear walls proved to be an effective solution against the plan irregularity. The structures strengthened with shear walls exhibited tremendous improvement in the base shear carrying capacity (3 to 5 times) and also overall ductility of the structures. The improved states of hinges formed during pushover analysis also indicated the lesser vulnerability of irregular structures with shear walls.

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The portable toilets are mounted on the chassis, this chassis is manufactured by a company (ExcellFibrotech, MIDC Nagpur). Many of new product designs are based on existing products and years of experience. Therefore, the chassis is assumed to have unexplored areas of potential improvements. Today the chassis is mainly a welded design, which is both expensive and unsatisfactory from a maintenance viewpoint. Welding is not only expensive but introduces heat to the steel alloy, and thereby changes the material properties, and also requires a high degree of manual labor. A truck chassis has a more standardized manufacturing method and application of some of the manufacturing techniques from it to the chassis could perhaps make the production of it more efficient. The current chassis have robust designs, and there have been no actual calculations or investigation to find out what dimensions are needed to withstand the forces applied to a chassis during use. Instead, the design is based on experience of what works, and what does not. A more thorough investigation of the design parameters can create better understanding of which parts of the chassis that are most exposed to high stresses, and which parts that can have reduced dimensions.

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High strength concrete (HSC) is a concrete which made with appropriate materials combined according to a selected mix design; properly mixed, transported, placed, consolidated and cured so that the resulting high strength concrete will give excellent performance in the structure in which it is placed, in the environment to which it is exposed and with the loads to which it will be subject for its design life. Mix proportions for high strength concrete (HSC) are influenced by many factors, including specified performance properties, locally available materials, local experience, personal preferences, and cost. With today’s technology, there are many products available for use in high strength concrete to enhance its properties.

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This work presents removal of COD from Paper wastewater by Electrocoagulation (EC) process using Iron as a sacrificial electrode which is currently used for the purification of many types of water and wastewater. The effecting parameters such as applied voltage, electrolysis time and initial pH are studied to achieve higher removal. The performance of EC process was carried out in batch reactor. In this process, samples are taken out from the batch reactor at regular interval of 20 minutes. Results obtained show that the most effective removal efficiency is achieved at 1 A of applied current at 16V.Moreover, the experimental results also show that the COD removal was strongly influenced by the initial pH. EC is found to be very efficient at pH 9. The highest COD removal efficiency of 93.5% occurred at 16V at electrolysis time of 80 min. In this study, the EC process was proved effective and is capable in removing COD, TDS, TSS and phosphate efficiently.

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This paper ‘Implementing Pull Leveling Between an Automotive Industry And Its Customers’ is based on the detail study and implementation of pull leveling process which was carried out in one of the esteemed organization whose products are used in top companies to produce customer end products. The name of the automotive industry is used as ABCD here. The objective of this work was to avoid the impact of demand fluctuation directly to the pace maker process and to produce the product as per the customer demand in order to reduce inventory. The ABCD plant was following the first level of leveling process that is Push leveling, so to enable pull system (that is second level of leveling process), this work was initiated as System CIP project .Firstly to start with, we had a complete overview of the products and its Value Streams. We selected one value stream namely ILM-1 Value stream of ABCD. The finished goods of ILM-1 is been supplied to the high end customers like namely RT, VT, FT, CT etc, So we decided to start up the project as a pilot project for RT customers, whose products were produced in ILM-1.

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Now a days, dealing with datasets in the order of terabytes or even petabyte is a reality. Therefore, processing such big datasets in an efficient way is a clear need for many users. In this context, Hadoop Map Reduce is a big data processing framework that has rapidly become the de facto standard in both industry and academia. The main reasons of such popularity are the ease-of-use, scalability, and failover properties of Hadoop Map Reduce. However, these features come at a price: the performance of Hadoop Map Reduce is usually far from the performance of a well-tuned parallel database. Therefore, many research works (from industry and academia) have focused on improving the performance of Hadoop Map Reduce jobs in many aspects. For example, researchers have proposed different data layouts; join algorithms, high-level query languages, failover algorithms, query optimization technique, and indexing techniques. We will point out the similarities and differences between the techniques used in Hadoop with those used in parallel databases. And try to improving scheduling environment in Hadoop.

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Disc brake is one of the efficient type of brake now a days that we use for stopping or decreasing the speed of vehicles. It is comprised of major components like rotor disc, caliper, brake pad. After certain interval of use, disc brake starts producing a squeaky noised which is known as disc brake squeal. Basically squeal sound is categorized as low frequency and high frequency squeal. It is a major task to eliminate out the squeal sound. Many researchers have listed out the different reasons to study the squeal sound. Some of them have taken rotor disc material, disc size, coefficient of friction of material as a parametric study for studying the disc brake squeal phenomenon. In this project disc brake of Tata Motors made Indica Vista car was taken for the dimensions and design making. Primarily CAD model is made using Creo 2.0. After design, rotor disc with brake pad of different materials were given static and thermal loading, the results of static and thermal analysis were checked on with the analytical calculations for the same. Later to it, Modal Analysis of rotor disc after use with each type of brake pad was performed using Ansys. The result of modal analysis gave the an idea about the selection of ceramic brake pad as a best suitable material for avoiding the low frequency squeal sound.

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Optimization is the discipline of adjusting a process so as to optimize some specified set of parameters without violating some constraint. The most common goals are minimizing cost and maximizing efficiency. This is one of the major quantitative tools in industrial decision making. When optimizing a process, the goal is to maximize one or more of the process specifications, while keeping all others within their constraints. AHP is a well-established decision making process. Therefore, AHP can help in the decision making process for the identification of the EAW parameters. The AHP method has the ability to structure complex, multi-person, multi-attribute, and multi-period problem hierarchically. Pair wise comparisons of the element (usually, alternatives and attributes) can be established using a scale indicating the strength with which one element dominates another with respect to a higher-level element. The main objective of this of this paper is to develop the relationships among the identified EAW parameters using AHP and pair wise comparisons of the element (usually, alternatives and attributes) can be established then can be translated into priority weights (scores).

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The usage of hybrid natural composites has surged in almost all fields of engineering due to their advantage of possessing high strength to weight ratio and biodegradability. This paper deals with the fabrication and investigation of mechanical properties of hemp-ramie glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite which is relatively a newer hybrid composite. In this study, the composite is fabricated by a hand layup process with different fiber orientations and also with different volume fractions. The composites are prepared with three different proportions of hemp-ramie fibers. Various mechanical tests are conducted for the hybrid composite in which fibers are arranged at 450 inclination has better properties than the others

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Self-Compacting Concrete is a revolutionary concrete which gets compacted automatically due its self-weight. As a result of which many conjugate works related concretization becomes literally feasible and Easy. Due to the silent properties of SCC, it can be placed into any complicated frameworks without using external means of vibrations. Again SCC is a type of concrete in which there is a huge scope to experiments with it. In past decade it can be easily understood, from the various studies conducted on SCC by replacement with different Mineral Admixtures. In this work medium grade (M25) of concrete is used and Modified Nan-Su Method is adopted for mix proportioning. This paper aims to study the fresh and hardened properties of SCC using GSA with different fractions of replacement of Cement with GSA. The results obtained on the basis of experimental work are satisfactory.

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In the present work, a low power dual edge triggered flip flop design using multi threshold CMOS is proposed. Proposed Flip-Flop (FF) has three main changes. First, the pulse generation control logic is designed with EXOR gate and inverter chain which reduces the complexity and extra switching in pulse generator circuit. Second, signal feed through technique with some modification is devised to speed up the charging and discharging along the critical path only when needed. Third, multi-threshold CMOS technique is also applied to get low power dissipation. As a result, no. of transistors in pulse-generation circuit has been reduced for power and area saving. Various post layout simulation results based on CMOS 90-nm technology reveal that the proposed design features the best power-delay product performance in all FF designs under comparison.

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Study of coastal geomorphology of the Kori creek coast between Koteshwar to Jakhau has been carried out. Diverse geomorphic features of submergence are found here like incised river deltas, sea cliffs superimposed by geomorphic features of emergence like inshore crescent barrier beaches, fore dunes, tidal creeks, tidal mud flats, parabolic dunes, lagoons, saline sand flats, mangroves etc. The superimposition of emergent features on submergent features suggests an emergent coast of the recent time on the submerge coast of the past. Such complex superimposition has developed due to the movements along hinge zone of Kachchh lying between Patcham island to Mandvi, running almost in N-S direction which was elevated towards east and subsided towards west, during past time, along with tectonic movements on E-W trending faults like Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) and Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) in Kachchh, which results into emergent features of the recent time in the study area.

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The present paper describes performance comparison of reheat cycle and regenerative steam power cycle. Thermal efficiency calculation is carried out by developing a program using c language. Using this developed program we can analyze steam power cycles such as simple rankine cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle and combined reheat and regenerative cycle for different process parameters. Developed program takes into account isentropic efficiency of turbine and pump. Inlet and outlet pressure, temperature of boiler, turbine, pump and condenser. Comparison between rankine cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle and combined cycle are made at different operating conditions. Small increment in thermal efficiency leads to large investment return and more power production for a given set of operating parameters. Developed program helps in determining thermal efficiency of the cycle by choosing appropriate set of operating condition of process parameters. This analysis helps power plant designers in choosing appropriate thermal power cycle for a given set of operating conditions. It is observed that the results obtained from the program, such as optimum bled steam tapping pressure for regenerative cycle and effect of boiler pressure variation on reheat cycle and regenerative cycle are in good agreement with the referred literature. Analysis shows that regenerative cycle is more efficient compare to reheat cycle for a given set of operating conditions.

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An aerofoil is a cross-section of wing that plays an important role in any aeroplane or aircraft for designing the wings because of wings, lift is generated that holds the aircraft in the air. The design of wing with desired aerodynamic characteristics are most important for aircraft like fighter plane, commercial plane, UAV and MAV . The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) has given a proper definition for aerofoils which help us to select aerofoil for designing the wings of aeroplanes. In this work, NACA 2415 aerofoil has been chosen for designing the 3-D wing of commercial aeroplane because of its high lift to drag ratio at low Reynolds number and Mach number. The 3-D wing has chord length 100mm at root & 18mm at tip and span length 177 mm with 60 dihedral angle. Other wings also drawn with change in design of wing with profile (root) and dihedral angle. Spalart-Allamaras turbulence model is used for better accuracy around boundary wall of wing. Investigation on commercial aeroplane 3-D wing designs are investigated to study the Drag coefficient (CD), Lift coefficient (CL) and Lift-to-Drag ratio (L/D) at various angle of attack. The investigation aims to produce better aerodynamic performance for wing designs to reduce the induced drag formed on wing during the flight operation at take-off; in-turn it will improve the efficiency of the aircraft. The geometry of wing models and meshing are carried out by ANSYS 15 software. The computational simulation is carried out by ANSYS FLUENT at low Mach number (0.23). Flow parameters are measured for different design configurations and compared for efficient design.

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This paper describes the design of high strength Geopolymer Concrete. The experimental work includes the manufacturing design process of Geopolymer concrete by using various materials such as water, alkaline activated solution i.e. Na2Sio3, NaOH with various ratios, molarities of NaOH and at various dosages of admixture. Class F fly ash and alkaline solution is used as cementatious material. GPC Cubes having dimensions (150 X 150 X 150) mm is casted then demould after one day and cured at various elevated temperature at 1500. Cured specimen tested after 3, 7 and 14 days by using CTM.

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Glass fibers are the most useful reinforcement material in composites. The interest in using natural fibers such as different plant fibers and wood fibers as a substitute for glass fibers has increased during last few years. Natural fibers have many advantages compared to glass fibers, for example they have low density, and they are recyclable and biodegradable. Additionally they are renewable raw materials and have relatively high strength and stiffness. The effect of ply orientation on mechanical properties of reinforced natural composites like sisal fiber, kuruthola fiber, and banana fiber, is tested. In which the fibers are heat treated for enhancing the strength by removing moisture. Samples of deferent orientation of sisal fiber, kuruthola fiber, and banana fiber reinforced composites were fabricated. In this work the composite material is prepared from weight ratio of resin to mat is 3:1, for every 1kg of mat 3kg of polyester resin is used and for 100ml of resin 10ml of accelerator is used and ten drops of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is used as catalyst to improve the speed of the reaction. The natural fiber composites like sisal fiber, banana fiber, and kuruthola fiber composites reach the mechanical properties of glass fiber composites and also in which 900 orientation (unidirectional) good mechanical properties than 450 orientations have. Due to the low density, bio degradability, and high specific properties natural fiber composite have very good future applications in modern industry.

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The naturally available guar was made to react with epichlorohydrin to yield guar epoxy dithizone which in turn was reacted with dithizone to yield guar epoxy dithizone (GED). The characterization of GED was done using FT-IR, NMR, XRD, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis techniques. Swelling and water regain capacity, moisture content, bulk density, bulk volume, total ion exchange capacity, effects of pH and treatment time were also studied. The heavy metal ion uptake efficiency was found to be in the order, Zn+2 > Cu+2 > Pb+2 > Fe+2 > Cd+2

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is mainly concerned with energy efficiency and security. Power exhausting attacks such as denial of sleep shortens the lifetime of WSN rapidly. Some of the MAC protocols are proposed to protect the sensor networks and extend its lifetime. The existing security mechanism awakes the sensor nodes before the security processes are allowed to execute. The work aims to authenticate the process by reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and enhances the performance of MAC protocols for power exhausting attacks. The scheme aims at replaying the attack in an efficient way. The reduced energy consumption is the coordination between energy conserved and security requirements for the sensor network application. The elaborated analysis of energy distribution shows a reasonable decision rule for coordination between energy conserved and security needs for wireless sensor networks. By combination of low complex secure method and multiple check points, the proposed design can defense against DOS attacks.

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This paper presents a real-time biomedical data compression and transmission for remote patient monitoring system. This algorithm contains five compression and four decompression procedures. For evaluating the performance of the algorithm, EEG signal taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, and compress and transmit signal and checking it’s performances using evaluation parameters, compress ratio, percent root mean square difference normalized, signal noise ratio, and quality score. Result of the evaluation parameter gets better at 15% window size with high compression ratio 18.36 and percent root mean square difference 2.25. Performance of this algorithm was found better than the similar algorithms introduced recently, and having better compression ratio than other proposed algorithm. This algorithm showed superior performance in all data instances where compression ratio is lower or equal to 15:1 but it shows slightly inferior PRD performance where compression ratio is greater than 15:1. Similarity with the original data becomes meaningless when the PRD is higher than 2, this proposed algorithm shows significantly better performance compared to the performance l of the other algorithms. Moreover, because the algorithm can compress and transmit data in real time. So, it can be served as a biosignal data transmission method for limited bandwidth communication for remote patient monitoring system.

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The present article present brief review regarding the behaviour of self-compacting concrete with the addition of steel fibres and glass fibres. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete which compact and settle by its own weight thereby smooth finishing can be achieved within a confined formwork. In structural members with high percentage of reinforcement, it fills also completely all voids and gaps. The past study place emphasis mainly on, the fresh and hardened properties of fibre reinforced concrete. Fresh properties include flow ability, passing ability and viscosity related segregation resistance. Hardened properties include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and Ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results indicated of the fresh properties of SCC with steel fibre, reduction in workability with increase of steel fibres content. Self-compacting concrete with the addition of steel fibres shows enhanced tensile strength, flexural strength, and resistance to impact, fatigue and ductility, volumetric changes and effectiveness to aggressive environment with respect to ductility. Also with respect to the surface finishing SCC proved to be good when compare to any other type of concrete.

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