In the present study aluminium alloy LM6 metal matrix composites (MMCs) containing 4% & 8% Al₂O₃ and 5% fly ash particles have been fabricated by stir casting method. The tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester by sliding these pin specimens at a constant speed of 1.1 m/s (300 r/min) against a steel counter disk at room temperature 100 °C , 125 °C and 150 °C, respectively at a load of 5,10 and 15. The design of experiments (DOE) approach using Taguchi technique has been used in the study of wear behavior of MMCs. It was found that the composites exhibit better wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloy up to a load of 15 N. Al2O3 and fly ash particle size and its volume fraction significantly affect the wear and friction properties of composites. With the increase of the reinforcement volume fraction of Al₂O₃, the wear resistance of the composites increases.

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Inspiration, is an attraction towards something, it gives us fresh ideas and new ways to explore something. It comes from many and various sources. Designing is a medium of expression involving the mind and heart. India has a rich cultural heritage, where music and dance has been interwoven with the social fabric. Dancing is considered to be an age-old tradition. In India, there are a number of classical dance forms which have been preserved through the centuries and have become an important part of our present culture. Dance is the mother of all arts. Bharatanatyam is the epitome of this Dance. It can truly be regarded as the crowning glory of the Indian Classical Dance. A unit of dance which includes the postures of the body, hand and foot movements is called a karana. In Bharatanatyam, 108 karanas form the basic movements. The motivation behind this research work is to develop bharatanatyam motifs in different postures of karanas in order to conceptualize new and innovative designs.

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Grid independence study is performed to eliminate/reduce the influence of the number of grids/grid size on the computational results. Any changes for geometry, meshing grids definitely will changed. When grids changed, we need to ensure the grid independence is applied. Another good test to do is numerical sensitivity test. The important boundary conditions and parameters can be tested to see the effect of certain conditions to the result[1]. Grid convergence is the term used to describe the improvement of results by using successively smaller cell sizes for the calculations. A calculation should approach the correct answer as the mesh becomes finer, hence the term grid convergence. The normal CFD technique is to start with a coarse mesh and gradually refine it until the changes observed in the results are smaller than a pre-defined acceptable error[2]. Gas atomization is a process to manufacture high quality metal powders. During the gas atomization process, the molten steel is atomized thanks to inert gas jets into fine metal droplets which cool down during their fall in the atomizing tower[3]. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to obtain the optimum grid size (mesh) that are required for Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzle and Convergent (C) nozzle for conducting CFD trails using Fluent required for Gas Atomization process.

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The separation of music & voice from a song is always being an interesting subject. Various methods for the separation of voice & music have been proposed by the researchers in past few decades. Among them three most popular methods of separation are based on “repeating pattern extraction”, “Model-based” & “Pitch based” Although all methods give good results but some of their individual draw back led us to discovery of new methods for separation. The present work started with the review of the existing techniques. Some advantages and disadvantages in their features and performance were pointed out. From the review two methods i.e “Repeating pattern extraction method & Pitch based method” are concluded for the further study. In this view a hybrid approach scheme is proposed for music and voice separation which is not often found in literature. Hybrid approach of REPET & Pitch based method for music/voice separation systems can be used to improve separation performance.

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Besides many factors which contribute to an impressive and strong organizational culture, leadership is considered to be one of the important one. In today’s world from an organization’s point of view a leader is the one who can not only bring a change in the employees attitude and perceptions in a positive way but also bringing a dynamic change in the culture which is in the well-being of the employees. Leaders may be of different types, the style of leadership may vary but it definitely affects the way a culture of an organization is formed. It can either be positive or negative depending upon the role a leader has to play. The aim of this study is to explain and highlight how an effective leadership have an impact on organizational culture and how it can help the organization in a positive way.

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Cement concrete is one of the most extensively used building construction material in the field of civil engineering which is used in almost all construction works around the world thus making it a most versatile material. Cement concrete is basically a composite mixture of cement, coarse aggregate and well graded fine aggregate including water for mixing purpose. Today the world is witnessing a rapid increase in the construction activities all around which has resulted in the excess manipulation of natural resources such as rocks, clays and naturally available sand etc. Increase in the demand for cement concrete has led to increase in cost, excessive extraction and pollution to the environment. As a result of this material such as natural sand is depleting at an alarming rate. now it is necessary to find some alternative material which includes Crushed stone dust in the production of concrete. This study mainly deals with the partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste by-product obtained from quarry that is crushed stone dust with addition of artificially available fiber such as polypropylene fiber in M25 grade cement concrete. Here in this study we conduct Two set of trials are conducted in the first set of trial fine aggregates replaced by crushed stone dust(at interval of 10%) up to 50% by keeping PF(0.5%)constant and results obtained as compressive strength (35.133N/mm2), split tensile strength(3.712N/mm2)and Flexural strength(5.238N/mm2), similarly in the second set of trial crushed stone dust is kept constant and fiber % is varied at an interval of (0.5%) compressive strength(38.031N/mm2), Splittensilestrength (4.499N/mm2) and Flexural strength (5.786N/mm2). Study is based on 28 days curing period. From this experimental investigation we can conclude that crushed stone dust can be effectively utilized as a partial replacement to Fine aggregate with addition of poly propylene fiber.

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Switching type voltage regulators are commonly used as the power source of the IC circuit loads. To ensure the voltage stability switching type voltage regulators uses LC low pass filter in the output terminal. The inductor size and the cost are two of the major concerns in the circuit designing, changing the input parameters like inductance capacitance and switching frequency in order to observe changes in output voltage has been added with simulation graphs .These parameters and there equations should be well understood before designing step down converters. Simulation procedures in PSPICE are also added in this paper. This paper presents an optimization of integrated circuit based step down dc – dc switching voltage regulators.

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Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (MGNREGA) has the potential to change the geography of poverty. This act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household. The present study was conducted in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. This study takes up the issues related to the awareness about an ambitious welfare programme targeting the rural population of India, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The study is based on a primary survey and finds a general lack of awareness about the basic guidelines and the legal entitlements among the intended beneficiaries.

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A vortex tube is a compact energy device which splits a compressed air stream into hot and cold streams at opposite ends. This paper presents an insight on Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube (RHVT) with divergent nozzle, stream of compressed air to swirl in swirl chamber, conical projection and a diaphragm. The principle of vortex tube is used in vortex air gun for the purpose of cooling a work piece during machining operation. Various models are designed by varying the dependent parameters and the simulation of all the models is done. The model which gave the desired results is then fabricated. The vortex tube testing setup is made and testing of the fabricated model is done in order to verify the simulation results.

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This paper proposes a spatially adaptive statistical model for wavelet image coefficients in order to perform image de-noising. The wavelet coefficients are modeled as zero-mean Gaussian random variables with high local correlation. This model is developed in a Bayesian framework, where a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator evaluates the variance of the blocks to which the wavelet subbands have been segmented. Then, applying the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation procedure, the original or de-noised wavelet image coefficients are estimated. The reliable estimation of local variance is performed by making the assumption that variance is locally smooth. The validity of this assumption is boosted by segmenting the wavelet subbands into blocks of variable size. The segmentation employs quad-tree decomposition of the image and a linear transfer of the resulted tree on the wavelet subbands. This decomposition identifies object boundaries and defines more accurately the regions of smooth variance instead of dividing them in to blocks of fixed size. The extensive experimental evaluation, shows that the proposed scheme demonstrates very good performance as far as PSNR measures and visual quality are concerned with respect to others state of the art de-noising schemes.

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This project probes into the design of the automated irrigation system based on WSN. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost feature which is based on embedded platform for water irrigation system. Optimum use of water is main objective of this irrigation system to reduce water consumption. This project uses temperature, humidity and soil moisture sensors to detect the water quantity present in agriculture. Aim of this embedded project is to monitor status of the sensors on remote PC through a window application. Here temperature and humidity sensors can be monitored on window application through micro controller. Soil moisture is controlled by application activating ON/OFF status of the motor.

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In this paper, membrane technology is used to treat effluent of textile waste after biologically treatment with activated sludge. The microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and Nan filtration are evaluated for permeate flux and separation of colour, turbidity, conductivity and total dissolve solids. Result Experiment result demonstrated that membrane treatment is a promising advanced treatment option for control pollution for textile effluents.

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Traffic patterns of wireless sensor network (WSN) usually follow many-to-one model. Sensor nodes close to static sinks will reduce their limited energy more than the other sensors, since they will have more data to send during multi-gateway transmission. This will reason network divider, isolated nodes and much shortened network lifetime. Thus, how to balance energy consumption of sensor nodes is an important research issue. Many research studies have shown that sink mobility technology can remarkable balance traffic load and improve network performance. We study the authority of network lifetime which focuses on the choice of multiple mobile sink nodes number on energy consumption and parking positions mutual authentication and key agreement scheme to overcome such a security problem, as well as their impact on performance metrics above then DoS attacks. It usually involves early stage actions such as multi-step manipulation, low-frequency susceptibility scanning, and identified compromising replica nodes. We can see that both mobile sink node numbers and the choice of parking position has important influence on network performance.

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The purpose of this paper is to optimize the casting parameters by maximizing the signal to noise ratios and minimizing the noise factors using Robust Design. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is utilised to find optimum conditions. This paper demonstrates a robust method for formulating a strategy to find optimum factors with small number of experiments. The process parameters considered are moisture, sand particle size, and permeability. The results indicated that the selected process parameters significantly affect the casting defects in the foundry.

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Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) system consisting of an electronic engine controller and its related parts to control all aspects of aircraft engine. The main purpose of this analysis is to design engine control system for commercial aircraft jet engine and focuses on modeling of FADEC system, static and dynamic response of system under different loading condition. The objective of this analysis is to optimize design of FADEC and to allow the engine to perform at maximum efficiency for a given flight condition.

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The masonry infill walls are considered as non-structural element and their stiffness contribution are ignored in the analysis when building is subjected to seismic loads, but it is considered while we studying stability analysis. RC frame building with open ground Story, and similar soft Story effect can be observed when soft Story at different levels of structure are constructed. The method used for stability analysis of columns, shear walls, coupled and coupled components, cores, single Story and multi-Story structures are studying. Buildings and structures are considering stable with lateral supports by using either bracing systems or shear system or both such as wall to ensure the stability of the building. One of the problems is affected from wind load. The calculation methods are computer assisted through the use of the software, ETAB. Comparisons of results are made between the methodologies, and different models with different parameters. This is how the soft Story effects are managed to overcome the future damages of the storied structures.

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With the continuous evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) different kind of aspects of life will improvement. IoT based healthcare system has probable to provide error free medical data and alerting system in serious conditions with continuous observation. The system will reduce the need of faithful medical personnel for patient observation and help the patients to lead a usual life besides providing them with high quality medical service. Privacy problems commonly discussed between researchers in healthcare. Healthcare systems are applications that can support patient’s essential anytime and anywhere. However, healthcare increases privacy concerns since it can lead to situations where patients may not be alert that their private information is being common and becomes vulnerable users. The different problems recognized are medical information misuse, prescription leakage, medical data’s eavesdropping, social consequences for the patient, patient difficulties in handling privacy settings, and lack of support in scheming privacy-sensitive applications. We slight down the problems and choose to focus on the problem of ‘huge number of support in manipulative privacy aware applications’ by proposing privacy - aware architecture specifically designed for pervasive healthcare observation systems.

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Cloud computing is developing innovations in IT space. The booking of the cloud administrations to the customers by suppliers impacts the money saving advantage of these registering standards. Assignment booking and procurement of assets are primary issue zones in distributed computing. A powerful undertaking booking technique requires meeting the client needs as well as enhancing the effectiveness of the entire framework. Optimization algorithms are search methods where the goal is to find an optimal solution to a problem, in order to satisfy one or more objective functions, possibly subject to a set of constraints. This paper reviews various task scheduling mechanisms described by various authors.

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A thermal chamber is an enclosure which is used to test the effects of specified environmental conditions on electrical and electronic components of defense and aerospace applications. These environmental chambers contain a heating system and a refrigeration system to simulate hot and cold environmental conditions respectively. During the refrigeration cycle, a lot of heat will be generated which has to be removed from the chamber for achieving a higher ramp rate. The heat removal process is effective when the inlet water temperature of the chamber is minimum. An experimental study has been conducted to analyze the variations in the ramp rate of a thermal chamber with respect to the changes in the inlet water temperature. This inlet water basically goes to the heat exchanger of the refrigeration system. The experimental results show that inlet water temperature has a direct impact on the achieved ramp rate of the thermal chamber when the set ramp rates are between 7ºC/min to 10ºC/min, a very less impact when the set ramp rates are between 2ºC/min to 6ºC/min and almost negligible impact when the set ramp rate is 1ºC/min. In this paper, optimum inlet water temperature for various ramp rates is also identified.

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Epilepsy seizures are the assumed abnormal brain activities which interrupt the common activity of the brain. These abnormal activities arise because of unpredicted electrical activity in the brain. Brain controls the different parts and different functions of the body. Brain cells are communicated by sending the electrical signals in a proper format. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder caused by malfunctioning nerve cell activity in the brain. These malfunctions cause episodes called seizures. In this paper we will evaluated and validated on the basis of the statistical parameters like accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and by comparing it with other art of techniques. The purposed method will emphasize the novel parameters which may more efficiently define the spikes as they are the main characteristics find in the EEG signals with seizure activities. The decomposition techniques the choice of classification model will also be considered otherwise.

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An increase in the frequency of occurrence of natural disaster events like Earthquakes has been evident over the past few years. Strong vibration and possible collapse of structures during these events can lead to catastrophic human and economy loss. Damping is one of the most important parameters that limit the response of the structures to these dynamic events. The main aim of this project is to bridge the existing knowledge gaps by undertaking comprehensive investigation of several high and medium-rise structures with different damping devices embedded within cut outs of shear walls. A thorough study will give us an idea about the best suited technique to be employed for reducing the effect of earthquake on the structure. The research aims to address the needs of local industries by carrying out a comprehensive investigation on seismic mitigation of high-rise structures with different damping devices. Nonlinear finite element modeling approach has been used in the current study. For this purpose, we studied the response of modelled frames and commented on the ideal locations of Friction Dampers & VE Dampers. For this Storey Displacements were evaluated.

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For several years, many efforts have been done to use the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a new communication channel between human brain and computer. This new communication channel is called EEG-based Brain–Computer Interface (BCI). Brain-Computer interfaces (BCIs) are communication systems, which enable users to send commands to computers by using brain activity only; this activity being generally measured by Electroencephalography (EEG).This paper investigates the several methods of feature extraction of EEG signals which provide us to have favourable and desirable BCI systems with higher accuracy and resolution in a short timey.

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Social network helps to connect the people from various areas. People of the social network were communicating each other and they may share their opinion. While sharing their opinion, sentiment analyze is the important factor in today for social network analyses. A sentiment or opinion analysis is the process of knowledge extraction from different social users. By this we can analysis the relevant and irrelevant estimation from the users. Evaluate the opinion is extracted from the unstructured and structured data. Twitter contains large and rapid micro blogging websites for expressing the opinion of the social users. While extracting the relevant opinion the have many techniques, this paper present a study of various methods of analyzing and extracting the relevant tweets in the tweeter social network.

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Mobile Ad-hoc network be a set of mobile nodes that communicate via wireless links and communication is carried out without any centralized control or unchanging infrastructure. Each node participating in the network can act as router and host. In mobile ad-hoc network the nodes are free to move independently therefore topology changes frequently. Source to destination to route the packets, routing protocol is needed. Routing is the important issue in ad-hoc networks. Various routing protocols have been implemented. Ad-hoc network routing protocols can be broadly divided into two subparts reactive and proactive protocols. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate performance of Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (ADOV), Adaptive Information Dissemination (AID), and Optimized Scheduling Algorithm in Mobile ad-hoc networks with different network parameters for improving network lifetime and power consumption parameters using NS2. Our basic goal is to present vast information related to AODV protocol and to analyze its performance using different metrics such as packet loss ratio, packet delivery ratio, throughput and packet drop rate.

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High temperature rise in grinding process can cause burning of the needle. The primary objective of this paper was to develop an improved theoretical thermal model which would predict the grinding temperatures, the energy partition to the needle and heat flux distribution within the grinding zone. In all cases, the maximum grinding zone temperature rise was less than 120°C.The energy partition to the needle was found to be 6.2%.Such low energy partition is consistent with thermal model which takes into account conduction to the needle, conduction to the abrasive grains, and cooling of the needle by the fluid at grinding zone. The secondary objective is to optimize temperature rise between wheel and needle contact zone in a cylindrical grinding process so as to reduce thermal damage and thereby grinding burn.

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