Cellular Light Weight Concrete is a versatile material which is made up of cement, fly ash and protein based foam. Basically it is a new material which is currently using in India for walling purpose. Cellular Light Weight Concrete gives better sound insulation, thermal insulation, durable, lightweight, uniform size & shape, reduce permeability. It is non-load bearing structural element which has lower strength than conventional concrete. Cellular concrete is popular because of its light weight which reduces self-weight of structure. In this paper light weight cellular concrete blocks are casted with 65% of Fly ash and 35% of cement with foam content 1.5% of total weight and to increase its strength sand and quarry dust is added in its composition which replace fly ash upto 30% at an interval of 5%. to check properties of these cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) blocks test like compressive strength, density and water absorption is done in the laboratory.

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Popularity of High-Rise structures of rigid frame system are increasing day by day to accommodate growing people in metropolitan city and to construct the structures without any special structural component and Masonry infills are normally considered as non-structural elements and their stiffness contributions are generally ignored in practice. But they affect both the structural and non-structural performance of the RC buildings during earthquakes. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. A similar soft storey effect can also appear at top storey level if a storey used as a service storey. Hence a combination of two structural system components i.e. Rigid frames and RC shear walls leads to a highly efficient system in which shear wall resist the majority of the lateral loads and the frame supports majority of the gravity loads. To study the effect of P-delta, masonry infill and different soft storey level and moment transfer beams, 10 models of R C framed building were analyzed with two types of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. Analysis is done by using Etab 2015 software. The results of bare frame and other building models have been compared, it is observed that model with H and L shape shear wall are showing efficient performance and hence reducing the effect of soft storey and also reducing the effect of water pressure in the top soft storey.

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This paper presents unconventional algorithms deployed for search, optimization called as Clever algorithms. They take input from environment and based on multiheuristics, formulate candidate solutions to solve the problem in hand. Stochastic Algorithms that concentrates on the introduction of randomness into heuristic methods. Evolutionary Algorithms inspired by evolution by means of natural selection. Physical Algorithms inspired by physical and social systems. Swarm Algorithms that relates to methods that exploit the properties of collective intelligence. Immune Algorithms inspired by the adaptive immune system of vertebrates. Our paper sincerely attempts to provide a glimpse of Clever algorithms to understand the metaphor and underlying mechanism of such bio-inspired algorithms.

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The given paper presents the hardware design and implementation micro-controller based single phase seven level inverter for Photo- Voltaic application. The input to the given inverter is a DC source (Vdc) and it is capable of producing output of seven level (Vdc, 2Vdc/3, Vdc/3, 0, -Vdc, -Vdc/3, -Vdc/3). The switching devices used are IRF840 MOSFET and diodes. Control circuit for implementing the H-bridge inverter is done by using the micro-controller. The system proposed in given paper is having lesser number of switching devices which reduces the complexity of the circuit and a simple control circuit is employed using the micro-controller. The multi level inverters provides nearly sinusoidal output waveform, output current with refined harmonic profile and switching losses that are less than the conventional two level inverter and hence smaller filter size is required. The main application of this system is directly delivering the Photovoltaic generated energy to the power system networks by using this seven level inverter (SLI) as grid connected inverters.

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A real time Pollutant Monitoring system using an array of GPRS sensors has been designed, implemented and tested. The proposed system consists of a Mobile Data Acquisition Unit (Mobile- DAU) and a fixed internet enabled Pollutant Monitoring Server (P-server). The Mobile-DAU integrates a single-chip microcontroller, air pollutants sensors array, a general packet radio service modem (a GPRS modem), and a Global positioning system module (a GPS module). The P-server is a high end personal computer application server with internet connectivity. The Mobile-DAU gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2), and packs them in a frame with the GPS physical location, time, and date. The frame is subsequently uploaded to the GPRS-Modem and transmitted to the P-Server via the public mobile network. A database server is attached to the P-Server for storing the pollutants level for further usage by various clients such as environment protection agencies, vehicles registration authorities, and tourist and insurance companies. The P-server is interfaced to google maps to display real time pollutants levels and locations in large metropolitan areas. The system reports real-time pollutants level and their location on a 24-h/7-day basis.

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In the present study, one such structural system known as Outrigger and Belt Truss system are studied. The behavior of 45 storey structure for lateral loads is evaluated with Core wall, 3 Outrigger and Belt Truss systems by placing them at different storey levels using ETABS structural software. The parameters like Displacements, Inter-storey drifts and Bending Moments in Core wall are plotted and compared with the structure having only Core wall. Using these parameters, optimum location of 3 Outriggers and Belt Truss is obtained. Outriggers and Belt Truss placed at four equal parts of the structure is observed to be more efficient for lateral loads.

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Utilization of concrete in almost every civil engineering applications have continued to place high demand on constituent concrete materials. Concrete is an extensively used construction material for its various advantages such as low cost, availability, fire resistance etc. But it cannot be used alone everywhere because of its low tensile strength. So, generally steel is used to reinforce the concrete. But considering high cost of steel, bamboo is one of the suitable replacements of reinforcing bar in concrete for low cost constructions. Bamboo is natural, cheap, widely available and most importantly strong in both tension and compression. To see the effect of bamboo fibre on compressive and flexure strength, bamboo reinforced Concrete cubes have been tested. On comparing the results with plain concrete cubes, strength becomes double in 50 days testing. Further singly and doubly reinforced beam with bamboo sticks have been cast and tested in flexure. It has been found that there is remarkably increase in the flexural strength and Modulus of elasticity of bamboo reinforced beam. First of all cubes, beams and cylinders are casted with traditional methods and later same casted by replacing coarse aggregates with 1%, 2% and 3% bamboo fibres. The behavior of specimens has to be studied and compared with conventional specimens.

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Heat exchangers with the convective heat transfer of fluid inside the tubes are frequently used in many engineering applications. Some of the applications of double pipe heat exchangers are in pasteurization, digester heating heat recovery, pre-heating, and efficient cooling. Double pipe heat exchangers are often used in the chemical, food processing, oil & gas industries. In this work includes heat transfer augmentation in the double pipe two pass counter flow heat exchanger using twisted tapes with water as working fluid. For this study the heat transfer coefficient, friction factor and enhancement ratio of double pipe counter flow two pass heat exchanger with twisted tapes inside the inner pipe at various Reynolds number using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The three dimensional solid modeling of two passes double pipe heat exchanger is developed using ANSYS FLUENT14.0. The present study explores the effects of twisted tapes on heat transfer and fluid friction characteristics in a heat exchanger tube under turbulent flow conditions. Further, the simulations with different twist ratios of 10, 15, and 20 and for plain tube are conducted and results are compared with that of analytical and experimental results.

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The Wish bone control arm is an independent type of suspension used in motor vehicles. The general function of control arms is to keep the wheels of a vehicle from the uncontrollably swerving when the road conditions are not smooth. The control arm suspension normally consists of upper and lower arm. The upper and lower control arms have different structures which depends up on the model and purpose of the vehicle. The lower control arm is the better shock absorber than the upper arm because of its position and load bearing capacity. It has an “A” shape on the bottom so it is known as wishbone shape that carries most of the load which received from the shock. The lower control arm takes most of the impact that the road puts on the wheels of the motor vehicle. It either stores that impact or sends it to the coils of the suspension depending on its shape. During the working condition, the maximum load is transferred from upper wishbone arm to the lower arm which creates the possibility of failure of arm. Similarly, impact loading produces the bending which is not desirable. Hence, it is essential to focus on the stress and strain analysis study of lower wishbone arm to improve and modify the existing design. In this project we have contributed in this problem by using finite element analysis approach.

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The wishbone is a hinged suspension link between the chassis and the suspension hub that carries the wheel. The general purpose of suspension system is to reduce vertical and longitudinal wheel load variations like that bumps and vibrations of the vehicle body and to keep the wheels of a vehicle from the uncontrollably swerving when the road conditions are not smooth. During the working condition, the maximum load is transferred from upper wishbone arm to the lower arm which creates the possibility of failure of arm. Similarly, impact loading produces the bending which is not desirable. Hence, it is essential to focus on the stress and strain analysis study of lower wishbone arm to improve and modify the existing design. In order to study the existing arm the structural three-dimensional solid modeling of lower arm was developed using the Solid works computer-aided drawing software and hand calculations were performed.

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In proposed grid connected PV system the single phase CSI converter used with a double tuned resonant filter circuit. The system uses transformer-less single-stage transformation for tracking the most extreme power point and interfacing the photovoltaic array to the grid. The greatest power point is kept up with a fuzzy logic controller. A proportional-resonant controller is used to control the current injected into the grid. A modified carrier based modulation technique for the current source inverter is proposed to magnetize the dc-link inductor by shorting one of the bridge converter legs after every active switching cycle.

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Now a days, natural fibers such as sisal, flax, hemp, jute, bamboo, banana, coir etc. are widely used for environmental concern. In this work, a new material was developed which possess high strength to weight ratio. Two natural fibers such as sisal and hemp reinforced with epoxy matrix. These fibers were treated with NAOH (alkali treatment) for better fiber matrix adhesion, the hybrid composites were prepared by compression molding technique at room temperature with applied pressure 410.4 kg/cm2 for 3 hours pressurization time. The mechanical properties were characterized according to standards. The amount of reinforcement varied was 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Prepared specimens were examined for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and flexural strength. Hybrid composite with 30% wt of sisal & hemp fiber were found to posses higher strength (tensile strength = 24.70Mpa; and flexural strength = 93.98Mpa) among the fabricated hybrid composite specimens.

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Data mining aims at withdrawal of previously anonymous information from large databases. It can be observed as an automated solicitation of algorithms to discover hidden patterns and to extract information from data. Medicine is a new route in his undertaking is to prevent, diagnose and medicate diseases using data mining. Generally the data mining techniques, gathering and decision tree induction were used. Clustering is used to group patients according to the overall presence/absence of obliterations at the tested markers. Decision trees remained used to examine the resulting clustering and look for associations between deletion patterns, populations and the experimental of infertility. Decision support system to deliver Analytical Processing techniques are used to provide analysis of data. However, in order to integrate data mining results with data has to be demonstrated in a particular type of schema. The proposed work aims at the comparison of four algorithms called AK-mode algorithm, K-mode Algorithm, ROCK Algorithm, And MULIC Algorithm. Finally AK-mode Algorithm provides better results compared with the other algorithms.

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A metro system is a railway transport system in an urban zone with a high limit, recurrence and the evaluation partition from other activity. Metro System is utilized as a part of urban communities, agglomerations, and metropolitan regions to transport huge quantities of individuals. A hoisted metro system is more favored sort of metro system because of simplicity of development furthermore it makes urban regions more open with no development trouble. A raised metro system has two noteworthy elements pier and box girder. The present study concentrates on two noteworthy elements, pier and box girder, of a hoisted metro auxiliary system. Customarily the pier of a metro scaffold is composed utilizing a force based methodology. Amid a seismic stacking, the conduct of a solitary pier hoisted span depends for the most part on the flexibility and the uprooting limit. It is vital to check the flexibility of such single piers. Force based strategies don't unequivocally check the removal limit amid the outline. The codes are currently moving towards an execution based (dislodging based) outline approach, which consider the configuration according to the objective exhibitions at the configuration stage. Execution of a pier composed by a Direct Displacement Based Design is contrasted and that of a force-based outlined one. The outline of the pier is finished by both force based seismic configuration technique and direct removal based seismic outline strategy in the initial segment of the study.

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Cracks in structural members lead to nearby changes in their stiffness and thus their static and dynamic conduct is modified. The impact of cracks on dynamic attributes like natural frequencies, methods of vibration of structures has been the subject of numerous examinations. However concentrates on identified with conduct of composite broke structures subject to in-plane loads are rare in writing. Present work manages the vibration and buckling investigation of a cantilever beam produced using graphite fiber fortified polyimide with a transverse one-edge non-spreading open break utilizing the finite element strategy. The undamaged parts of the beam are demonstrated by beam finite elements with three hubs and three degrees of opportunity at the hub. A „overall extra flexibility matrix‟ is added to the flexibility matrix of the relating non-broke composite beam element to get the aggregate flexibility matrix, and in this way the stiffness matrix in accordance with past studies. The vibration of split composite beam is processed utilizing the present definition and is contrasted and the past results. The impacts of different parameters like break area, split profundity, volume division of strands and filaments introductions upon the progressions of the natural frequencies of the beam are contemplated. It is found that, nearness of break in beam abatements the natural recurrence which is more purported when the split is close to the settled backing and the break profundity is more. The natural recurrence of the broke beam is observed to be most extreme at around 45% of volume portion of filaments and the recurrence for any profundity of break increments with the expansion of edge of strands. The static buckling load of a split composite beam is observed to diminish with the nearness of a break and the lessening is more serious with expansion in split profundity for any area of the split. Besides, the buckling load of the beam diminished with expansion in edge of the filaments and is greatest at 0 degree introduction.

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Plastic waste is a major environmental and public health problem at Jamshedpur. Plastic shopping or carrier bags are one of the main sources of plastic waste. Plastic bags of all sizes and colors dot the city‘s landscape due to the problems of misuse, overuse and littering. Besides this visual pollution, plastic bag wastes contribute to blockage of drains and gutters, are a threat to aquatic life when they find their way to water bodies, and can cause livestock deaths when the livestock consume them. Furthermore, when filled with rainwater, plastic bags become breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which cause malaria. Burning of these chlorine-containing substances releases toxic heavy metals and emits noxious gasses like dioxins and furans. They are the most toxic and poisonous substances on earth and can cause a variety of health problems including damage to the reproductive and immune system, respiratory difficulties and cancer. Land filling of plastics into properly designed disposal sites takes up valuable room in the site for a non-toxic, non-leachable, non-decomposable material. Whether plastic is a menace or not depends how we use it and how we dispose of it minimizing the impacts on the environment. We are collecting the threat (waste plastics) from the source, segregating the waste and shredding the same into 2-4mm size and mixing the shredded plastic to make a coating over the aggregates used for road construction providing the road a tremendous strength at no extra cost. Plastic gets coated over stone and the hot plastic coated stone is mixed with bitumen (tar) and the mix is used for road laying.

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The aim of this paper is to design, analysis and optimization of connecting rod which is stronger and light-weight with respect to existing connecting rod with the help of CAE and CAD Software. Static structural analysis is done to analyze stresses, strain, total deformation and factor of safety distribution in various parts of the connecting rod to known the effect due to maximum compressive loading using ANSYS 16.2. Solid parametric models of connecting rod have been made using CATIA V5R20. In this study advance materials, aluminium alloy A16T, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer material are used to replace the existing material of connecting rod. These materials have very high strength in compression as well as in tension and have low density 3 to 4 times less than existing forged steel material. Therefore, by replacing existing connecting rod material (forged steel) with these advance materials connecting rod weight will reduce and factor of safety will increase. Shape optimization module is used for weight optimization of the existing connecting rod. Fatigue analysis is done for aluminium alloy connecting rod. Connecting rod made of aluminium alloy A16T, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer material has weight reduction percentage with respect to existing material (forged steel) is 59.12%, 48.59% and 77.01% respectively. Factor of safety for connecting rod made of forged steel, aluminium alloy A16T, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer material is 1.8348, 1.1562, 2.2056 and 2.4299 respectively. Fatigue life for aluminium alloy connecting rod under the effect of extreme peak compressive gas loading is 99507 cycles and when load is half its minimum life is 108 cycles.

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With the rise of population the uses of conventional and non-conventional resources are highly increased. As we know the resources available are limited to their origin but the uses also may not be affected as well according to their importance. There are some resources like natural fibres have not come under proper attention in passing years, even some of which like human hair, coconut fibre are destroyed as a waste material. But after knowing better sides of these fibres, they are getting a proper attention over the years. With the aim of utilizing abundant waste material, a human hair, coconut fibre and polypropylene composite has been developed using it as reinforcing constituent and cement as matrix constituents. This paper presents fabrication and properties evaluation of human hair, coconut fibre and polypropylene fibre reinforced cement composite. Composites with various compositions of human hair, coconut fibre and polypropylene were fabricated. The fabricated specimen composed of various % of human hair, coconut fibre and polypropylene fibres in cement concrete is tested for properties improvement and came out as an eye opener. The best result we achieved with Composite 2 which is having 0.25% human hair which testes experimentally and virtually as well. And holds the value 31.5 MPa as compressive strength by experiment and analysis by ANSYS software is 29.96 MPa.

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Coal dependent power plants are the fundamental source of power production units in India. The primary by-product of this power plant is fly Ash. The fly Ash can be utilized as a cementitious material or mineral admixture replacing cement partially in concretes, for providing numerous benefits to concrete. The experiment is carried out to assess mortar behavior in fresh and hardened state and also the behavior of Masonry Block bonded with CM with fly ash and Pond ash as constituents The strength development of masonry cement mortar of grades CM1:4, CM1:6 and CM1:8 containing various proportions of fly ash replacing cement and pond ash replacing fine aggregates under normal curing as per IS 2250-1981.The study is extended to understand the behavior of masonry mortar in masonry block -masonry triplets and masonry quadruplets.

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A steady state model of TIG welding process was developed by using Smart Weld application in order to predict the temperature distribution and the effect of process parameters on weld pool during the TIG welding operation of 304 stainless steel. The planning of simulation runs has been performed in accordance with the Taguchi L9 design with two factors, each three levels. The process parameters considered are weld speed and input power during TIG welding. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed in order to analyze the effect of process parameters on length, width and depth of weld pool during TIG welding. Mathematical relationships were also established between input and analysis parameters. This study indicates that the input power is the most significant parameter.

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Maintenance costs can account for 15 to 40 % of total manufacturing costs. These costs can be minimized by the proper maintenance management. Quality and Maintenance of manufacturing systems are closely related functions of any organization. Today’s competitive environment requires much more effective equipment management. Total productive maintenance (TPM) and Total Quality Management (TQM) are the new approaches along with other concepts to achieve World Class Manufacturing system. The goal of the any TPM program is to improve productivity and quality along with increased employee morale and job satisfaction. In this paper experience of implementing Total Productive Maintenance is shared and investigated for an industry’s particular part known as Bright Bar shop. Overall Equipment Effectiveness is used as the measure of success of TPM implementation. The various losses linked with the overall equipment effectiveness are determined. The TPM pillars are implemented in order to eliminate losses and to improve productivity. The study found that focused TPM implementation over a sensible time period can advantageously contribute towards understanding of significant manufacturing performance improvements.

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Voice Transformation is simply transformation or modification of voice from sound of one speaker into another specified speaker. This modifies the perceptual quality of the voice. During transformation quality as well as similarity of the voice is to be maintained which determines the efficiency of the transformation process. Transformation made is generally in the features like spectral mapping, frequency, amplitude etc. Key idea for transformation is the mapping of acoustical features. Many models such as GMM and RBF are developed to establish the mapping and obtain a transformation system. This paper describes many other methods on the basis of survey done. Mapping plays a key role in attaining transformation of the voice and quality is the challenge faced currently and it’s the main point to be improved here.

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The thesis presents the study on behavior and strength of concrete confined by Ferro-cement boxes under compression. A total of 24 prism specimens, which includes 6 plain concrete specimens were prepared and concentrically loaded in compression to failure. Six specimen were reinforced with Ferro-cement boxes. Another six specimens were reinforced with Ferro-cement boxes provided with longitudinal bars and hoop bars. A new set of six specimens were reinforced with longitudinal bars and hoop bars only. Since only core concrete was loaded, the height of Ferro-cement boxes was prepared shorter than core concrete to obtain gaps at both ends of specimens. After testing, the results indicate that Ferro- cement boxes offer significant enhancement in stiffness and strength.

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Exponential growth of online social networks resulted in fundamental shift in status of end users. Individual end users become content managers instead of just being content consumers. Today, for every single piece of data shared on online social networks, the uploader must decide which of his friends should be able to access the data. In Online Social Networks, term "friend" has become all-encompassing, it has become increasingly difficult for users to control which friends get to see what personal information. There is a need for to quantify the privacy risk attributed to friend relationship in online social networks. Hence it becomes absolutely necessary to enhance the safety and reduce the risk associated with the usage of social networks. The aim of this paper in exploring the consequences of the adoption of social networks by employees working in enterprises. The methodologies to answer questions related to the risks incurred in an organization due to the usage of social network by its employees, efficient approaches that can be taken to mitigate the different risks and the financial and organizational implications for an organization in implementing any of the possible risk mitigation approaches. aims at exploring the consequences of the adoption of social networks by employees working in enterprises. The methodologies to answer questions related to the risks incurred in an organization due to the usage of social network by its employees, efficient approaches that can be taken to mitigate the different risks and the financial and organizational implications for an organization in implementing any of the possible risk mitigation approaches.

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In the present study the effect of addition of textile sludge and tannery sludge as sand replacement material in the concrete blocks. In this study, control concrete blocks are made using ordinary Portland cement (M-53 grade). Textile and tannery sludge as industrial wastes used in this project contains some heavy metals which are hazardous in nature. So, the present study was to examine the utilization of textile sludge along with tannery sludge in the production of concrete blocks. An experimental study was designed to find the compressive strength of blocks at periodic intervals of 7 days and 28 days according to the testing standard. The results of the study will be helpful not only in reuse of waste as resource but also to reduce the impact due to disposal of tannery & textile sludge’s. Accordingly the design mix was made for M15 grade concrete and testing was performed by means of compression testing machine (CTM). It was found that optimum results are obtained at 15 % replacement of both textile and tannery sludge and also 20% replacement of textile sludge only.

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