In last few decades power quality improvement has been major research topic. This is due to wide use of semiconductor and non-linear devices. The power quality of any source is measured by some indexes set by internationally such harmonics factor, and telephonic interference level etc. Employing several harmonic compensation methods. We are able to meet those index limits set by international bodies. This is very essential in reference to performance & economy of operation. Power filters are extensively employed in modern electrical power distribution system to remove harmonics associated with the system. Shunt active power filter (SAPF) is one of the power filters which have better dynamic performance. SAPF required accurate control technique which provides robust performance under source & load unbalance. Control methods are responsible for generating reference currents which is employed to trigger Voltage Source Inverter. Hence, compensation of harmonics depends largely on technique used. For any Shunt APF system there is many way of implementing control blocks whose output is given to gate of the voltage source inverter.

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Heat transfer from the heat sink plays major role on the performance on various components in Automobile, Air conditioning, Heat treatment, Electronic Industries. In this heat transfer process, material type, shape, length plays a vital role. It is very important to dissipate unwanted heat generated in devices such as IC engines, radiators, electronic IC’s etc. to the atmosphere. Extended surfaces are widely used for this purpose in many engineering applications because of easy construction, requires less space, light weight. This study examines heat transfer augmentation from a rectangular fin embedded with circular perforation under natural convection compared to the equivalent solid fin using Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis on the rectangular fin arrays by natural convection heat transfer process. Parameters varied in this work are space length and thickness of fins. Circular, Elliptical and Rectangular fins are compared for better heat transfer rate. The output parameters like Nusselt number, Reynolds number, Heat Transfer rate are increased indicating better cooling for the modified fin with low aspect ratio. These output parameters are increased with the perforations on the fin also maximum heat transfer rate is observed for circular fin. However the heat transfer coefficient is found to be Maximum for original model because of low temperature differences due to slow cooling.

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Cylindrical grinding is one of the important metal cutting processes used extensively in the finishing operations. To enrich the eminence of machined parts, and to reduce the machining expenditures and to increase the production rate, it is very important to select the optimal machining parameters. This article discusses the optimization of cylindrical grinding of austenitic steel SS316 and effect of operating parameters (wheel speed, feed rate and depth of cut) towards surface roughness. Taguchi analysis is employed to identify optimum machining parameters for grinding of austenitic steel. A L9 orthogonal array, signal to-noise ratio and analysis of variance have been applied to study the performance characteristic of machining parameters with consideration of surface roughness.

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Health insurance as a tool to finance healthcare has very recently gained popularity in India. Government has been putting serious efforts to introduce health insurance for the poor in recent years in order to improve access of poor to quality medical care and for providing financial protection against high medical expenses. Health insurance is fast emerging as an important mechanism to finance health care needs of the people. The need for an insurance system that works on the basic principle of pooling of risks of unexpected costs of persons falling ill and needing hospitalization by charging premium from a wider population base of the same community. In the present scenario the annual expenditure on health in India amounts to about $Rs.500 in rural areas and Rs.1000 in urban areas per person, majority of care being provided by the private sector. There is greater awareness and increasing demand for better health services. This study aims at evaluating the awareness of health insurance in Tiruchirappalli District.

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Social engineering is untruthful to people to get information.” It targets emotional parts of human to gain access to controlled area or achieve sensitive information for various purposes. This survey presents framework of social engineering attacks and different types of social engineering approaches. Social engineering attacks are classified into three different categories: Type, Operator and Channel. Psychological attacks and physical attacks are two types of social engineering attacks. In this attacks attacker gather sensitive information of a victim and misuse the sensitive information such as, damage public reputation, financial loss, disruption of services. To protect sensitive information from social engineering attacks mitigation steps and techniques are presented in this survey.

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In this paper, the life cycle cost of Vertical Broaching Machine is optimized based on certain reliability improvement measures. These measures are suggested based on design calculations, selection of components, maintenance policy and discussion with experts from industries. Based on the reliability improvement measures, improved MTBF is estimated. The improved life cycle cost is also estimated. The results of improved MTBF and LCC are tabulated at the end.

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A single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed and fabricated for the production of bioenergy generation with simultaneous composite food waste remediation. The MFC demonstrated maximum open circuit potential of 402 mV on 14th day of operation and followed decreasing trend till the end of operation. Experimental data depicted that provision of solid electrode material facilitated favorable conditions for higher substrate degradation/hydrolysis by enhancing electrochemically active bacterial metabolic activities. However, accumulation of intermediate metabolites showed adverse effect on the overall process by lowering the system pH conditions. MFC also documented good substrate removal efficiency with simultaneous bioelectricity generation. Experimental results demonstrated that solid-state anaerobic fermentation process can be efficiently combined in MFC for the bioelectricity generation with concurrent food waste remediation.

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The tie rods are mandatory components of vehicles steering system. According to its name a Tie rod ties vehicles steering rack to the steering arm. A failure may occur due to varying forces and undulation of vehicle during steering in tie rod. The forces on the steering are also considered during the static condition of car. The vibration and buckling of the tie rod may lead to structural failure if the resulting vibration and stresses are undesirable and excessive, So the research work is aimed to assess the vibration, buckling strength of the existing tie. The FE models of the tie rod also analyzed to get the stiffness and stress distributions in each component.

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The catchment area requires a host of inter-related information to be generated and studied in relation to each other. GIS (geographical information system) and RS (Remote sensing) is used in this study. ArcGIS 10.1 and ERDAS 8.7 has been applied to analyze terrain characters, to determine potential of water capacity and computing the geographical references data, which add new dimensions to environmental management for a part of Gandorinala catchment area in Gulbarga district, Karnataka and is located between longitude 17°35'51”North and 76°54'52"East. The Gandorinala is a medium irrigation project located near Belkota village in Gulbarga district in Karnataka State across river Gandorinala, a tributary to river Bennithora which in turn joins Bhima river of Krishna Basin. The study area covers 371 sq.km in Karnataka region. The thematic maps of catchment area have been generated. The check dams and percolation tanks are proposed at catchment area.

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Steganography is a method used to transmit covering information by changing an audio signal in an invisible manner and is an art of hiding information in ways that avoid declaring hidden messages. The secure data transmission over internet is achieved using Steganography. Video files are generally a list of images. The presented techniques on images and audio can be enforced to video files too. The great advantages of video are the large amount of data that can be hidden inside and video is a moving stream of images. The network provides a method of communication to distribute information to the masses. The Security of information has become a major issue with the growth of data communication over computer network. Steganography and cryptography are two different data hiding techniques. Cryptography, on the other hand obscures the content of the message. In this research work we proposed a high capacity data embedding approach by the combining two approaches LSB and DWT.

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In the present days, reinforced concrete and steel structures are mostly used since, these two have been the most convenient and economic system for a low rise buildings. However, for a medium to high rise buildings this kind of structures are hazardous and is no longer economic due to reduced stiffness, increase in dead load and span limitation. So it has been a challenging task for the structural engineers in striving for the most economic and effective design solution. So the composite material usage is of particular interest, due to its capability in improving the overall performance of structure. In India, many structural engineers are unwilling to accept the usage of composite steel-concrete structure because of complication in its analysis and design. But the literature describes that with proper configuration, the composite system can afford an exceptionally effective structural system with high strength and better wind performance characteristics. The present study discusses the wind response of regular and vertical irregular tall building by using different framing systems over the height of the building. So, among all these frame types concrete will be the better option but in addition to this we have an another option that is the Combined model which is preferable in places where the wind response is more on buildings. So to optimize this wind response, a Combined model of RCC, Steel and Composite frames as combination has been developed and is analyzed using ETABS software, and there by the combined model has proven to be the better option.

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Lean manufacturing is a collection of tools that are used to reduce the waste and improve the efficiency in manufacturing. The manufacturing industry has enormous challenges in the current regulatory and political local weather with setting up an economically and environmentally sustainable industry model. This project reviews the literature and some of the lean principles such as the Value Stream Mapping. Aim is to reduce lead time by eliminating wastes and non-value added activities in the assembly line. The project is conducted with systematic approach of DMAIC. First the project charter is prepared with the help of guides and the supervisors in the company. Data collection was made by using time study procedure. Using this procedure standard time was calculated. By analyzing this data the current value stream map was developed and value added and non-value added activities were identified. By cause and effect diagram and pareto chart six sub-assemblies were selected for the improvement. By brainstorming with the guides and supervisors corrective actions and preventive actions were created. The project management technique of Critical Path Method was used to draw results. Using this technique optimal duration for the structure assembly was obtained. This project has enabled the company to reduce the structure assembly lead time by 70%.

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The electromyography is a method or a technique to detect the electrical activity that is been produces by the muscle activity. It is observed that EMG voltage maintain almost nonlinear parabolic relationship with work done. We have also shown the accuracy of our proposed mathematical model considering all facts of errors numerically. A significant findings is that incrementing weight over 1.5kg undergoes in saturated EMG potential, which means muscle fatigue creates in limb muscles in that situation. Also the amount of calorie burnt by considering different weights can be found in this.

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A SMART-SHOE is important to relief a layman from disease like diabetes and other Ortho-pain disease related to joints of legs. Security and safety of small children's is also an issue nowadays. Energy sources are also decreasing and are also becoming costly. Passers are day by day increasing. Energy sources (Electricity) availability is one of the most important challenges that traffic are trying to address. This project "A Smart-Shoe" helps the parents to locate their children. We can also charge our cell phones and save electricity. People can stay free from the orthopedic disease. They can have a good, stylish, comfortable and an energy producing shoe. In this paper, I present footwear with piezo based solution for various and vast applications for each and every age groups.

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Since, the invention of wheels in the ancient times, transportation becomes easier. In recent years competition in the automobile market is getting increase with respect to fuel economy especially for the light commercial vehicles. In present scenario, every individual has a two wheeler and they are using this even for reaching for short distances. By this conventional resources like petrol are consumed more and more. Not only the depletion of resources, it produces more environmental pollution hazards. To overcome this issue, people has enforced and encouraged for use of comparatively unconventional energy resources such as electric vehicle. A one wheeled motorcycle is fast growing vehicle for undergoing transportation. In this study, a single wheel self-balancing electrical vehicle is proposed. The concepts were design with free hand sketches and concept evaluation cane be done with the help of Pugh chart selection matrix.

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This paper deals with the increasing oil price and mounting environment concerns, cleaner and sustainable energy solutions have been demanded. At present transportation constitutes a large portion of the energy consumed and pollution created. One of the efficient solutions is the existence of vehicle that works on both fuel energy and electrical energy with optimized performance. HEV with different structures such as series, parallel, series parallel has been studied so far. HEV is consists of mainly two design elements mechanical and electrical. Mechanical design part includes ICE Car Dynamics while Electrical part includes Controller Design and Electrical Subsystem. This dissertation work especially focuses on the controller design of HEV. HEV control section includes four different rudiments to be controlled. These are engine speed controller generator controller motor controller and battery controller. In this work we have considered design of proportional integral (PI), proportional derivative (PD), proportional integral derivative (PID)for analysis of engine, motor and generator performance. This leads to the development of component models of the physical system such as the power distribution system and mechanical driveline. We also show the development of an energy management strategy for several modes of operation including the full electric hybrid and combustion engine modes. Finally we show how an integrated environment facilitates the combination of various subsystems and enables engineers to verify that overall performance meets the desired requirements. In this dissertation work design of electrical part i.e. control design and ESS design has been carried out. The designed SPHEV has been analyzed with the step change accelerator profile for the PI, PD, PID using performance measures such as rise time settling time peak time and peak overshoot.

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Culverts are required to be provided under earth embankment for crossing of water course like streams, Nallas etc. across the embankment, as road embankment cannot be allowed to obstruct the natural water way. The culverts are also required to balance the flood water on both sides of earth embankment to reduce the flood level on one side of road thereby decreasing the water head consequently reducing the flood menace, Box Culverts are ideally suitable monolithic structures across a highway or railway embankment to balance the flood water on both sides. It consists of top slab, bottom slab and two vertical side walls. It is most economical due to monolithic action and no separate foundation required since bottom slab serves as a mat foundation. The present study, an attempt is made to combine and study the effects of those parameters for live load. To perform a parametric study of the RCC box culvert with varying depth of cushion, coefficient of earth pressure and angle of dispersion for live loads. To compare results calculated by using IS code method with Software based on Finite Element Analysis, Depth of cushion, coefficient of earth pressure for lateral pressures on walls, width or angle of dispersion for live loads on box without cushion and with cushion for structural deformations are important.

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Gas spring has a wide range of applications and one of the major element is its seal. Nitrile rubber seal is studied in this paper as the failure of seal is due to static and dynamic load conditions. Seal is essential part as it prevents the leakage of gas from cylinder and which is why the spring action is occurred. Main focus of this study is to analyses the failure of gas spring seal and to detect the stresses induced in it. The analysis were carried out by using ANSYS APDL13.1 and observed the effects of stresses induced on seal surface. In this paper studies were carried out by experimental and analytical investigation of Gas spring seal. It was found that the maximum stress occurs at the area of contact between rod outer surface and seal inner diameter, where exactly the seal fails.

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Ever since a long time ago, memory accesses costs about half of a microprocessor system’s power consumption. Modifying a microprocessor cache’s total size, line size and associativity to a particular program request have tremendous benefits for performance and power. Customizing caches has until recently been restricted to core based flows however, several configurable cache architectures have been proposed recently for use in pre-fabricated microprocessor platforms. On chip-level techniques alone cannot further keep power dissipation under a reasonable and acceptable level. We show in this paper that many researchers have already been made efforts to reduce power dissipation at the architectural level by reducing on-chip cache power consumption which is a major power consumer in microprocessors. In this paper we propose a runtime mechanism that heuristically predicts the throughput of an application using a reconfigurable low power L1 cache. In this paper we propose on-chip hardware implementing an efficient L1 cache tuning heuristic prediction that can automatically, transparently, and dynamically reduce the cache miss penalty to an executing program. There are other approaches that follow the program flow and prefetch all target addresses in L1 data cahe including those blocks which already exist in the L1 data cache. The approach predicts the stream of next miss heuristically using genetic algorithm according to recency of data accessed by the user and then prefetches only the next miss address of the stream. It uses a general prefetching framework, two-phase prediction algorithm (TPP), that lets each stream request have its own address predictor comparing the TPP algorithm with the latest variant algorithms of stream buffers and Markov predictor. In fact, the cache miss penalty can vary almost one or two orders of magnitude because of a huge divergence between sequential and random access rate of disk. Our heuristic seeks not only to reduce the number of cache misses that must be examined, but also traverses the search space in a way that completely avoids costly cache flushes. Goal of this paper is to present the solution for prediction information in low power L1 cache in order to use heuristically the cache operation with usage Genetic algorithms.

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Nowadays, Cloud computing is booming in most of the IT industry. Cloud Computing represents a new computing model that poses many demanding security issues at all levels, e.g., network, host, application, and data levels. Cloud computing can be used by a prospective Cloud service for analyzing the data security risk before putting the confidential data into a cloud computing environment. The global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. The improvement of the cloud technology also increases the security issues twice. So we need to solve the security issues in the cloud technology. This paper presents a survey on Security in Cloud Computing.

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the induction machines are widely used in a wide variety of applications. The dynamic simulation is one of the key steps in the validation of the design process of the motor drive system, which eliminates the designing mistakes and the resulting errors in the prototype construction and testing. Variable voltage and frequency supply to ac drives is invariably obtained from a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). A number of Pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme is used to obtain variable voltage and frequency supply. The most widely used PWM schemes for three-phase VSI are carrier-based sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM (SVPWM). There is an increasing trend of using space vector PWM (SVPWM) because of their easier digital realisation and better dc bus utilisation. Firstly model of a three-phase VSI is discussed based on space vector representation. And the simulation model of SVPWM inverter is obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The prototype of 3 phase SVPWM bridge inverter is setup and gate pulses are obtained from Arduino Mega2560. Also this paper presents MATLAB /SIMULINK implementation of an induction machine using dq0 axis transformations of the stator and rotor variables in the arbitrary reference frame.

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This work aims to investigate the probable alternative geometry for the Steering Knuckle Arm in an attempt to reduce the weight of the component. While doing so, the mass needs to be removed from the geographical regions of the part that do not contribute to the stresses supported by the component. This could be visualized over the contour plot for stress over the Finite Element Model. This is further analyzed using Topology Optimization for facilitating the review of the non-contributing regions through 3D mass densities pertaining to the stress. The alternative geometry generated during the research work should be feasible for manufacturing. The experimentation for the component shall validate the alternative geometry in terms of its performance relating to its stiffness. The response for stiffness is aimed to be maintained during the transition from the benchmark geometry to the new geometry. The precise geometry addressing the functional need of the component shall be expedited to stay compatible for the manufacturing process. The work shall be concluded with the recommendation for the new design with a reduced mass of the material.

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to map shoreline changes of Cuddalore coast, Tamil Nadu, South India using remote sensing and GIS. The shoreline is rapidly changing land forms in the coastal area. In coastal GIS and its deliver the more evidence’s about on coastal land form dynamics. Therefore, accurate detection and continuous monitoring is very important to realize the coastal processes and dynamics of various coastal features. This study is to investigate the shoreline change along the coast of Cuddalore Tamil Nadu, South India, using ArcGIS and IRS and LANDSAT data. (2000 – 2012) are used to extract the shoreline and the data are handled by using the ERADAS IMAGE software and examined by ArcGIS 9.3 workstation. The study area reveals particular areas have been undergone erosion and accretion. Lesser changes could be noticed along the northern and southern part of the coast. Some necessary measures have been taken by the government for the coastal zone management. The ecological importance of the mangroves, afforestation of mangroves should be increased in the study area to reduce the wave height considerably during extreme events, such as major storms and tsunami and protect the coast from erosion. The coastal area erosion and deposition have been increased in some areas along the coast. The study proves that, geospatial science has got immersive applications of changes like this.

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Transverse vibration of elliptical plates has been a subject of study for a long time. The problems of vibration of elliptical, rectangular and circular plates etc have been extensively investigated by many researchers and are well documented. All through understanding of their vibration characteristics along with different thermal conditions is of great importance to engineers and designers making sure reliability in design procedure. In this paper, the elliptical plate material is assumed to be homogeneous, also temperature and thickness varies in x and y directions. To find the result as frequency parameter, Rayleigh Ritz method is applied. Frequency is calculated for two modes different set of value of thermal gradient and taper constant.

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Sandwich panels have high strength to weight ratios hence have been successfully used for many years in the aviation and aerospace industries, as well as in marine, and mechanical and civil engineering applications. Also they have attendant high stiffness. The use of the sandwich constructions in the aerospace structures can be traced back to Second World War when British De Havilland Mosquito bomber had utilized the sandwich constructions. In the early use, the sandwich structure was very simple in construction, with simple cloth, fabric or thin metal facings were used and soft wood were used as the core. The conventional sandwich construction comprises a relatively thick core of low-density material which separates top and bottom faceplates (or faces or facings) which are relatively thin but stiff. Also they have attendant high stiffness. In design and vibration analysis of composite panels firstly the FEA analysis of existing composite panel made from epoxy glass fiber is done and after that by means of using FFT analyzer, testing of composite panel which made from epoxy fiber glass is done. And results obtained form it is compared with the FEA analysis. If results are varying then by changing different compositions in composite material and again testing of new composite panel with changes made. And we have to repeat this until we get the satisfied results.

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