White Blood Cell (WBC) counting plays a major role in the determination of the patient’s health for different stages, such as diagnosis and treatment. The traditional differential counting method for WBC count is tedious and time consuming. In Indian scenario, major of pathologists use manual methods, for counting the blood cell using microscopic blood image. To automate this process, many have used image processing algorithms such as image segmentation, thresholding, histogram equalization etc. where each technique having some advantages along with some drawbacks at each stage. In this direction, this paper presents WBC segmentation using different image segmentation methods such as watershed transform and level set method for nucleus segmentation and Mathematical Morphology(MM) operator and Granulometric analysis for cytoplasm segmentation Self-dual Multiscale Morphological Toggle (SMMT) operator is used as preprocessing algorithm for image simplification. Total of 46 non-overlapping and 10 overlapping WBC images obtained from internet and tested using four segmentation methods. For nucleus segmentation watershed transform has resulted into 87% of accuracy for non-overlapping images & 50% for overlapping images. The accuracy of watershed transform for non-overlapping images is 10/20% more than that of granulometric analysis method results. Also for cytoplasm segmentation MM Operator is 58% more accurate than Granulometric analysis for non-overlapping images. However Granulometric analysis is found to be 10% more accurate than MM Operator for overlapping WBC images. Watershed transform gives 10.9% more accuracy than level set method for nucleus segmentation whereas MM operator is 58% more accurate than Granulometric analysis for cytoplasm segmentation.

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Air pollution monitoring is extremely important as air pollution has a direct impact on human health and environment. The level of pollution has increased with time by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle use, industrialization and urbanization which results in harmful effects on human wellbeing by directly affecting health of population exposed to it. The parameters of the environment to be monitored are chosen as temperature, humidity, volume of CO, volume of ammonia, detection of leakage of gases like - smoke, alcohol and LPG. The additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the gases if the gas level reaches below the threshold limit of gas then alerts the consumer about the leak by sending SMS to the authorized person through the GSM and an alarm is generated immediately.

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Solar energy is a glowing light and heat from the sun that is hardnessed using a variety of ever-developing technologies for instance solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. The heat pipe is a modern device capable of transfer large quantities of heat throughout relatively small cross-sectional areas, and with very little temperature differences. Evacuated tube is the Most vacuum tube collectors in use in middle Europe use heat pipes for their core instead of passing liquid directly through them Direct flow is more widespread in China. Evacuated heat pipe tubes (EHPTs) are composed of various evacuated glass tubes each containing an absorber plate attached to a heat pipe. The heat is transferred to the fluid (water or an antifreeze mix—stereotypically propylene glycol) of a domestic hot water or hydronic space heating system in a heat exchanger called a "manifold". The manifold is wrapped in insulation and enclosed by a protective sheet metal or plastic case. The vacuum in the internal portion of the evacuated tube collectors have been confirmed to preceding more than 25 years, the reflective coating designed for encapsulated in the vacuum inside of the tube, which will not damage until the vacuum is lost.

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The basic need of any human is water, without water there is no life. In the world there is 97% of water total water is in sea and only 2% is available for drinking. Since this time more than 125 countries having problem of water and its quality and quantity also in Middle East the liter of water is more expensive than a liter of gasoline.so we are trying to solve the water crisis by using sea water .for it we are using organic materials. By which we can produce drinkable water from sea water. For that no RO (reverse osmosis) or heat transfer system is used. We try to make a simple filtration system in which the filter only produces the pure water.

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Glass Fibre Reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a recent introduction in the field of concrete technology. It has been extensively used in over 100 countries since its introduction in 1980’s. This product is covered by international standards and has been practiced all over the world. Glass Fibre Reinforced concrete (GFRC) has advantage of being light weight and thereby reducing the overall cost of construction there by bringing economy in construction. Glass Fibre Reinforced concrete (GFRC) derives its strength from a high dosage of Alkali resistant glass fibers and a high dosage of acrylic polymer. While compressive strength of Glass Fibre Reinforced concrete (GFRC) can be quite high due to low water to cement ratios and high cement contents, it is the very high flexural and tensile strengths that make it superior to ordinary concrete. While the structural properties of GFRC itself are superior to unreinforced concrete, properly designed steel reinforcing will significantly increase the strength of objects cast with either ordinary concrete or GFRC. This is important when dependable strength is required, such as with cantilever overhangs, and other critical members where visible cracks are not tolerable. GFRC does not replace reinforced concrete when true load carrying capacity is required. It’s best used for complex, three dimensional shells where loads are light. While the weight savings due to reduced thickness is maintained, the effort of forming, mixing and casting are similar or the same In present investigation concrete with addition of glass fiber and various proportions is studied to find the optimum dosage of Glass fiber for concrete. The results of Glass fiber reinforced specimens with various dosages of glass fiber are compared with control specimens to study the behavior of glass fiber reinforced concrete properties.

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In early years a Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is Gaining Popularity in research topics. It is possible to use Mobile Adhoc Network in various critical mission applications such as military due to its characteristics like mobility, scalability and self configuring ability. As MANET is infrastructure less system and due to this open medium structure MANET is vulnerable to malicious attackers. In this case it is necessary to develop network security of MANET and in order to fulfill this requirement there is need to develop effective and efficient intrusion detection system to protect MANET from attackers in order to enhance the applications of MANET in Industrial area also. Here in the proposed work a secure acknowledgement based Intrusion detection system will be designed for MANET using digital signature technique. It will give higher malicious behavior detection rates in certain circumstances while maintaining the improved throughput and minimum network overhead.

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This paper manages enhancing the voltage nature of delicate burdens from voltage droops utilizing a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The higher dynamic power prerequisite connected with voltage stage hop pay has created a generous ascent in size and cost of the dc interface vitality stockpiling arrangement of DVR. The current control systems either moderate the stage bounce or enhance the use of dc connection vitality by the accompanying: 1) lessening the sufficiency of the infused voltage or 2) improving the dc transport vitality bolster. In this paper, an upgraded hang pay system is proposed, which mitigates the stage hop in the peak voltage while enhancing the general droop remuneration time. An explanatory study demonstrates that the proposed technique fundamentally builds the DVR droop bolster time (more than half) contrasted and the current stage hop pay strategies. This upgrade can likewise be viewed as a significant lessening in dc interface capacitor measure for new establishment. The execution of the proposed strategy is assessed utilizing re-enactment consider lastly confirmed tentatively on a scaled lab prototype.

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A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns without the use of beams. Reinforced concrete flat slabs are one of the most popular floor systems used in residential buildings, car parks and many other structures. They represent elegant and easy-to-construct floor systems. Flat slabs are favored by both architects and clients because of their aesthetic appeal and economic advantage. Now taking into consideration the Earthquake is one of the natural disasters which the world is facing time to time. Based on previous earthquakes data, loss of human lives and properties which ultimately affects the national economy. The structure should possess namely simple and regular configuration, adequate lateral strength, stiffness and ductility to accomplish well under Earthquake. Structures with simple regular geometry and uniformly distributed mass and stiffness in plan as well as in elevation are considered to suffer much lesser damage than structures with irregular forms. But nowadays, irregular buildings are preferred due to their functional and aesthetic considerations are evident from examples of realistic existing irregular buildings. As per IS 1893(part1):2002 enlists the irregularity in buildings. These irregularities are categorised as follows 1) Vertical irregularities referring to sudden change of strength, stiffness, geometry and mass results in irregular distribution of forces or distribution over the height of the building. 2) Plan irregularities which refer to asymmetrical plan shapes (L-,T-,U-,F-) or discontinuities in the horizontal resting elements (diaphragms) such as cut-outs, large openings, re-entrant corners and other abrupt changes resulting in torsion, diaphragm deformations and stress concentration. Present work is carried out to investigate the performance of irregular flat slab with column drops subjected to lateral loads i.e, earthquake and wind loads in seismic zone V soil type III using ETABS 2015 Software. The study is restricted to diaphragm discontinuity and vertical discontinuity. The flat slab building is analyzed for models with a regular plan without any discontinuity, model with Re-entrant corners, model with Re-entrant corners L-shape, model with vertical irregularity on one side, model with vertical irregularity on two side, model with rectangular shape as diaphragm discontinuity, model with inverse T as diaphragm irregularity. Linear static and dynamic analysis is performed for seismic forces and the building is also analyzed for wind loading. The effect of irregularity on the flat slab building is examined for various parameters.. The main parameters considered in the study are Base shear, Time Period, Lateral displacement and Storey drift. Present study provides a good source of information on all the parameters considered. Conclusions are woven based on the obtained results.

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Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is an emergent technique in India, and the use of RAP is step by step gaining popularity. Using RAP does not only help in minimizing the cost of construction project but also ascertain proper utilization of resources. The objective of this study is to understand the significant of using RAP for the road construction of bituminous pavements. From in this study and from previous research papers it can be resolve that using RAP is advantageous as RAP materials mixes can yield value results equal or even higher than pure mixes. If tabulated and implemented appropriately Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement mixes have a constructive outcome on various parameters like Marshall Stability test, moisture resistance test and density test. This paper presents the significant of using RAP mixes.

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Coastal studies is a wide field, which mainly indicates the changes in the earth surface easily and clearly due to the actions that take place in its surface and subsurface rapidly due to various parameters like wind, wave, tides, eruption, faulting etc. All these help in, identifying the proper changes that take place in the area frequently. In the present study, the erosion and depositional activities that happened along the coastline from Thoothukudi to Vembar was studied in detail with the help of Geology, Geomorphology and Bathymetry and the Digital Shoreline Change Analysis technique and the shoreline changes for a time period of 22 years in the study area. From the field study the area under high erosion was noted and the area that has undergone deposition was determined. The area where remedial measures has to be taken is been noted and the places where vegetation has to be raised were also identified. Remedial measures include beach nourishment and dune grass planting in the study are suitable for the reduction of the erosion in the place. From the study, it is been confirmed that erosion occurs at a higher rate when compared with accretion in the area.

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In this present paper on statistically convergent sequences of Real numbers, convergent of a sequence and Cauchy’s convergent theorem and convergent of monotonic sequences and generalization of Cauchy’s criterion.

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A multilevel inverter topology for a four-pole Induction motor drive is exhibited in this paper, which is fabricated using the enrolment engine stator winding course of action. A single dc source with a less magnitude when differentiated and conventional five-level inverter topologies is used as a piece of this topology. As needs be, control altering issues (which are critical troubles in standard multilevel inverters) are minimized. As this game plan livelihoods a solitary dc source, it gives an approach to zero-gathering streams in light of the zero-gathering voltages show in the yield, which will travel through the engine organize winding likewise, control electronic switches. To minimize these zero-courses of action streams, sine–triangle pulse width regulation (SPWM) is used, which will move the lower mastermind sounds near trading repeat in the immediate tweak region. Regardless, by virtue of over modulation, harmonic voltages will be familiar close with the significant repeat. In this regard, a changed SPWM technique is proposed in this paper to work the drive in the over modulation locale up to the tweak rundown of 2/√3. The proposed quad two-level inverter topology is likely affirmed with an examination office demonstrate on a four-post 5-hp acknowledgment engine. Exploratory results show the sufficiency of the proposed topology in the aggregate straight regulation region additionally, the over balance territory.

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Wear is an undesirable loss of material from the operating surface of body occurring as a result of relative motion at its surfaces. Aluminium alloy-7075 grade is an aluminium alloy with zinc as primary alloying element and it has high fatigue strength. Al 7075 grade is mostly used in transport applications, automotive and industrial use due to their good fatigue strength. In this experimental study, wear behaviour of aluminium alloy-7075 grade (5.6-6.1% zinc, 2.1-2.5% magnesium, 1.2-1.6% copper) is examined on Pin-on Disc configuration, and performed at wear and friction monitor machine. Influence of wear parameters sliding speed varying from 1.5 to 3.5 m/s contact distance varying from 1000-2000 m and applied load varying from 20-40 N was examined. Output results of experiments showed that reduction in pin weight (gms) in dry and wet (lubricating) conditions. Results also indicated that sliding distance has the highest influence followed by load and sliding speed. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results and microscopic studies were done on wear surfaces.

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Digital signage is a varity of electronic display that shows information, advertising and messages in both public and private environments, as well as retail stores, hotels, and stations. Unlike an existing digital signage displayed at a fixed position, the proposed digital signage system can see in anytime and anywhere using smart-devices if you can use a network service. User can download and install the advertising smart phone application. Accessing the signage content through the application it download the signage content and delivers them to other users. GPS capability at the display panel ent will enable owner to lacalize devices. Thus it will become easy categorized and classify the advertisements areas according to location based methods.

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The main aim of this article is to introducing sub compatibility and sub sequential continuity in fuzzy metric space and proves some fixed point results related with these new concepts.

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This paper presents simulation results of a control scheme of a variable-speed wind turbine with a permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) integration into the utility grid. The problem of integration of wind is that it relies heavily on weather conditions and air speed. So, there is a necessity for developing control techniques for grid integration wind system including a method for voltage and current control that stabilises the voltage and current. The effectiveness of the PI controller in the system under different of weather and conditions is studied. A pitch angle controller module with PI control is developed in this work that is suitable for wind power conversion system. Then, the system behaviour and performance are studied. The system stability is also considered when there is a change in pitch angle or a fault in the system. This paper advocates that the proposed PI controller gives a good performance.

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Energy require intensely depends on the conventional sources. However, the constrained accessibility and enduring increment in the cost of conventional sources has moved the center toward renewable sources of energy. Among the accessible option sources of energy, wind energy is thought to be one of the demonstrated advancements. With a focused cost for power generation, wind energy change system (WECS) is these days sent for meeting both grid-associated and stand-alone load requests. In any case, wind stream by nature is discontinuous. With a specific end goal to guarantee ceaseless power supply, reasonable storage innovation is utilized as reinforcement. A storage system, for example, a battery bank might be utilized. In this proposition, the maintainability of a cross breed wind energy and battery system is researched for meeting the necessities of a stand-alone dc load. A charge controller for battery bank in light of turbine maximum power point tracking and battery state of charge is created to guarantee controlled charging and releasing of battery. The mechanical wellbeing of the wind energy change system is guaranteed by method for pitch control strategy. Both the control schemes are integrated and the efficiency is validated by testing it with various load and wind profiles in numerical computation software MATLAB. The MATLAB model is intended to simulate the behavior of wind turbine using synchronous generators and control the wind electrical energy conversion processes. Rotational speed and torque turn into the controlled factors in wind energy and mechanical energy transformation handle. Control plot has been created for exchanging DC-DC buck type converter.

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Diabetes has become a new global challenge. If not diagnosed and treated in time, diabetes can encourage other illnesses in the body of patients. Diabetes is a disease which occurs when the pancreas does not revealed enough insulin or the body is unable to process it properly. This disease influences slowly the circulatory system including that of the retina. As the diabetes progress, the vision of the patient may start to become worse and its lead to vision loss.Latest technological advances in the image processing helps auto detection of diabetes from the color retinal fundus image. The main goal of the proposed system is to diagnose the type of disease in the retina and to automatically detect the diabetes without human supervision or interaction. For the diagnosis, ophthalmologists use color retinal images of a patient from digital fundus camera.

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The utilization of solar energy will be more relevant for developing countries whose energy requirements are increasing rapidly as a result of large-scale industrialization covers a large area of multiple applications. Installations of Solar Flat plate collector for tapping solar energy to some useful energy are the most frequently used in various solar thermal systems. From the present work the performances of the system both with and without wind shield were evaluated and compared. In a present solar system by adding the wooden windshields along perimeter of the flat plate solar energy collector creating the heat convective film that minimize the top loss coefficient by increasing the energy gained results enhancement in the heat flow rate from absorber plate to riser tubes. Hence, the efficiency of proposed system is more than the conventional system.

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In this paper a three-layer structure is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which contains the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employs circulated load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as ELBC-DDU. The objective is to complete good scalability, and low data collection expectancy. At the sensor layer, a distributed load balanced clustering (ELBC) algorithm is proposed for sensors to self-consolidate themselves into clusters. In contrast to existing clustering methods, the structure generates multiple cluster heads in each cluster to balance the work load and facilitate dual data uploading. At the cluster head layer, the bury-cluster transmission range is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Many cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving bury-cluster communications. Through bury-cluster transmissions, cluster head information is forwarded to SenCar for its moving trajectory planning. At the mobile gatherer layer, SenCar is equipped with two antennas, which enables two cluster heads to synchronously upload data to SenCar in each time by applying multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) procedure. The trajectory planning for SenCar is improved to fully utilize dual data uploading capability by correctly selecting polling points in each cluster. By visiting each selected polling point, SenCar can efficiently collect data from cluster heads and transport the data to the fixed data sink. Extensive simulations are conducted to calculate the success of the proposed scheme. The results show that when each cluster has atmost two cluster heads, the scheme achieves over more drive saving per node and more energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data gathering through multi-hop relay to the static data sink.

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Solar energy is the most efficient source of renewable energy, in which solar panel are used to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar energy travels from the sun to the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation, these radiations are used to produce electricity through solar cells (photovoltaics). The use of solar energy resources is increasing rapidly. The Gujarat state has commissioned Asia's largest solar park at Charanka village. The project is spread over 4900 acres of land acquired by the government from farmers. The major drawback of a conventional solar plant is the requirement of large amount of land. In this project we design a structure (float) which can be installed over a water body on which the solar panels can be mounted. And analyse the design of the structure using analysis FEA software to validate and optimize the design. This project is involving designing and analysing of floating solar farm for Narayani Electricals Works, Koradi, Nagpur.

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This paper discusses the design of slot loaded rectangular patch antenna for dual band operations. In this dual band operation is obtained by embedding the slots in the radiating patch. These slots may be rectangular, circular so that the gain, VSWR, Return Loss, Bandwidth can be improved. Furthermore antenna characteristics such as gain, resonant frequency, Return Loss are analyzed and comparative results and measurements are presented.

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The sheet metal production process could be streamlined to deliver good quality components through discrete planning for the trials. The process parameters, namely – Blank holding pressure, Blank size and/or profile, Radius on the Die-block are identified as the crucial parameters for this work. These parameters shall be manipulated by varying their input values as per the ‘Orthogonal Array’ in the ‘Design-of-Experiments’. The combination of values shall be tried to effect the outcome in the form of realizing a good quality component. Statistical tools shall be used to treat the data generated during the trials while identifying the most significant parameter relevant to the operation. Taguchi method shall help determine the optimum values for setting the operation for the best response. The response shall be considered as the magnitude of ‘thinning’ observed over the component. The optimal values determined by the statistical technique shall be validated by performing experiment with the corresponding inputs.

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An attempt was made in this work to synthesis a polytype of alumina i.e, γ-alumina by solution combustion method using aluminium nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO3)3.9H2O as a oxidizer and a mixture of urea and citric acid C6H8O7 fuel as reducer. In order to alter the exothermicity of the redox reaction between aluminium nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO3)3.9H2O and urea CO(NH2)2, urea was taken as stoichiometric fuel and citric acid was added as excess fuel. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, SEM for microstructure and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) for the chemical compositional purity of as synthesized γ-Al2O3 powders. γ -Al2O3 formation was confirmed by comparing the XRD pattern of obtained powder with peaks of standard XRD pattern of JCPDS Card No-29-0063.

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A rear view camera is an automotive technology for preventing a vehicle from collision while reversing and to provide vision to an unobserved area adjacent to rear bumper. These cameras are coupled with Inner Rear View Mirrors with LCD displays. In this study, vehicle data was collected for various types viz., Sedan/ Hatchback/ SUV/ LUV/ MPV and a statistical analysis of bumper height, bumper surface pattern and its inclination with respect to ground was done. Several CAD models for IP67 casing were developed by benchmarking existing OEM models. Geometrical mapping for horizon level was aptly analysed and corresponding camera axis angle was computed. CAD models were subjected to FEM computational analysis for snap calculations and fatigue/ failure conditions.

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