Building sector consume a significant amount of natural resources and have a wide range of environmental, economical and social impacts. These concerns are key drivers behind the sustainable design movement in construction sector. Various estimates indicate that buildings sector use more than 40 % of the raw materials and generate 35% of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions annually. Considering what buildings are made of steel, concrete, glass and other energy intensive materials. Buildings have a high level of embodied energy. Applying sustainable designing can significantly reduce these impacts. The main objective of this paper is how the sustainable design is benefit to Economical, Environmental and Social factors.

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The “INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT SYSTEM” helps the people who cannot walk due to physiological or physical illness, injury or any disability. Recent development promises a wide scope in developing smart wheelchairs. Our project can operate through various modes like:- 1) By using user voice commands 2) By using hand gestures 3) By using optical type (eye tracking). The target of this project is to encourage the development of individuals who are impaired or disabled and elderly individuals who are not ready to move well. The aftereffect of this outline will permit certain individuals to carry on with an existence with less reliance on others. The proposed model is a conceivable option. With a specific end goal to help physically crippled people, we built up a voice controlled wheelchair. The framework is intended to control a wheelchair utilizing the voice of user. Discourse acknowledgement innovation is a key which may give another method for human association with machines or apparatuses. Another technique to guide and control the wheelchair for incapacitated individuals in view of 'Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), it utilizes Micro-electromechanical frameworks (MEMS) innovation by that a client can control its wheelchair utilizing hand motions. In this project, we utilize the optical-sort eye following system to control a controlled wheel chair. User’s eye development is meant screen position utilizing the optical sort eye following system. At the point when user takes a gander at suitable edge, then PC input system will send charge to the product in light of the edge of turn of pupil i.e., (push ahead), (move left), (move right) in all different cases wheel seat will stop. Once the image has been handled it moves onto the second part, our chip will respond as indicated by its yield. • Eye Recognition: In this system controlling of wheelchair is rely on upon eye developments and central switch. Camera is mounted on wheelchair before the individual, for catch the image of eye and tracks the position of eye understudy by utilizing some image preparing methods. As per eye pupil position of user, motors will be move in required heading, for example, left, right and forward. Ultrasonic sensor is mounted in front of wheelchair for safety to detect static or mobile barriers and stop the wheelchair movement automatically. A central switch is also mounted on wheelchair for emergency purpose and stop to move in require direction if any one call to stop and someone require attention on themselves. This is independent and cost effective wheelchair system. A raspberry pi board is used to control whole system.

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Micro strip antennas are used as integrated antennas in wireless devices such as mobile phones, and also employed in Satellite communications. The Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) finds immense applications [17] in mobile and satellite communication, Global Positioning System, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), WiMax, RADAR, Rectenna, telemedicine applications, etc. The advantages of MPA are low weight, low profile, both linear and circular polarization, easy feeding. The main disadvantage of MPA is its low bandwidth [17].A Microstrip Teeth-Like Patch Slot Antenna is proposed, designed, fabricated and tested. The proposed antenna operates in the desired C-Band and maintains its radiation characteristics in it. The antenna gain and directivity vary as 2-4 dB and 5.5-6.5 dBi respectively. The proposed antenna can find applications in Defense Applications, Satellite Applications (6.425-6.725 GHz i.e., the Uplink frequencies for MEASAT etc.).

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Friction Stir Welding process is widely being used for joining aluminium alloys for aerospace, marine, automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. In this study, the experiments have been conducted on vertical milling machine (model 3KS) on AA 5052 and AA 6061. The tool used for FSW process is of cylindrical shape of H13 high speed steel (HSS) material. From the experiment work it is concluded that the process parameters tool pin profile (cylindrical), rotational speed (1200 rpm) and welding speed (55, 34 and 22 mm/min) which are taken into consideration affects the mechanical properties of the welding joint. In this study there are two output variables are calculated which are Rockwell hardness, tensile strength. Friction Stir welding (FSW) is a fairly recent technique that utilizes a non-consumable rotating welding tool to generate frictional heat and plastic deformation at the welding location, thereby affecting the formation of a joint while the material is in the solid state. The principal advantages of FSW, being a solid-state process, are low distortion, absence of melt-related defects and high joint strength, even in those alloys that are considered non-weld able by conventional techniques. The result for the tensile strength shows that there is a significant amount of effect of tool rotational speed on the welded joint and their mechanical properties. The high tool rotation speed results in improved tensile strength of the welded joint.

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The aggregates and cement were replaced by the mixture of saw dust ash (5-12%) and coal dust (5-12%) respectively. The saw dust ash was used earlier for replacing the mixture of cement by maximum 25%. But in this project we are replacing the aggregate with saw dust ash and coal. Here as the surface area of the aggregate increases, the water demands increases and the strength of the concrete decreases. But the saw dust ash has less area as compared to that much volume of coal so it may increases the strength with the help of coal and cement. Our aim is to reduce the cost of construction attaining the strength by replacing the saw dust ash and coal dust by construction material. And after this we would find out the areas where the concrete (contain the saw dust ash and coal dust) can be used economically.

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The Wireless sensor network is a self-organized wireless network system constituted by numbers of energy-limited micro sensors under the banner of industrial application (IA). In this project, a secure and efficient cost aware securer routing protocol to address two conflicting issues: they are lifetime optimization and security. Through the energy balance control and random walking the conflicting issues are addressed. Then discover the energy consumption, is several disproportional to the uniform energy deployment for the given network topology, which greatly reduces the lifetime of the sensor networks. To solve this problem an efficient non-uniform energy deployment strategy is used to optimize the lifetime and message delivery ratio under the same energy resource and security requirement. It is also to provide a quantitative security analysis on the proposed routing protocol. We also demonstrate that the proposed CASER protocol can achieve a high message delivery ratio while preventing routing traceback attacks.

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Recently, handful of attempts started considering more realistic situations by enabling multiple cloud clients to alter data with integrity assurance. Nevertheless, these attempts continue being definitely not practical due to the tremendous computational cost on cloud clients, especially when high error recognition probability is required with the system. In this particular paper, we advise a manuscript integrity auditing arrange for cloud data talking about services characterized by multi-user modification, public auditing, high error recognition probability, efficient user revocation additionally to practical computational/ communication auditing performance. Our recommended plan's featured by salient characteristics of public integrity auditing and constant computational cost round the user side. We make this happen through our innovative design on polynomial-based authentication tags which allow aggregation of tags of numerous data blocks. Our novel design allows secure delegation of user revocation methods for the cloud by getting a competent fundamental design plus an advanced design with enhanced reliability.

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A suppression method for the resonance oscillation in the AC side of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source converter. The converter is operated with the PWM switching pattern. The resonance current, caused by the LC low pass filter at the step change of the pattern, can be effectively suppressed by one pulse control of the pattern. This method does not need to have the feedback loop of the current/voltage and does not offer the switching stress of the devices. The switching timing of the control is determined by pre-calculation of the off-line in consideration of the circuit constants. The circuit diagram for PWM current source converter and the PWM waveform generation circuit is drawn and simulated by using MATLAB.

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The quality of power is the major issue in the power system. The issues related to power quality are more attentive in microgrid system. So the power value is very much affected by the magnitude and phase disturbances of three phase voltage and current respectively. So the design of smart meter is applicable to look over these values and control the situation. This device successfully used for almost most of the disturbances such as harmonics in voltage and current, unbalancing in voltage and current, voltage lead and lag etc. The optimization techniques to improve the Power Quality in the transmission and distribution system for microgrid using smart meter is analyzed and studied first by observing on MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation.

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Nowadays industries are more focused on the development of System On-Chip (SOC) which integrates all the electronic components on single IC with reusable IP cores. As per the De Moore’s law the integration of transistors goes on increasing, hence it is required to provide efficient lossless on chip communication for these reusable IP cores. The AMBA protocol from ARM Ltd. is designed to overcome this issue. The AMBA AHB protocol provides the high bandwidth data bus for the IP cores on SOC devices. In this paper the design and synthesis of AMBA AHB protocol using HDL Verilog in Xilinx ISE tools are explained.

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Clustering in wireless sensor network faces several challenges such as selection of an optimal group of sensor nodes as cluster, optimum selection of cluster head, energy balanced optimal strategy for rotating the role of cluster head in a cluster, maintaining intra and inter cluster connectivity and optimal data routing in the network. In this paper, we study a protocol supporting an energy efficient clustering, cluster head selection and data routing method to prolong the lifetime of sensor network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol prolongs network lifetime due to the use of efficient clustering, cluster head selection and data routing. The results of simulation show that at the end of some certain part of running the EECS and Fuzzy based clustering algorithm increases the number of alive nodes comparing with the LEACH and HEED methods and this can lead to an increase in sensor network lifetime. By using the EECS method the total number of messages received at base station is increased when compared with LEACH and HEED methods. The Fuzzy based clustering method compared with the K-Means Clustering by means of iteration count and time taken to die first node in wireless sensor network, as the result shows that the fuzzy based clustering method perform well than kmeans clustering methods.

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The DC-DC converter topologies have been widely used for high power and high performance applications from last few years. The advantages of DC-DC boost converters include increased efficiency, reduced size, faster transient response of system and improved reliability. The results of cascade boost converter are compared with two inductor boost converter. This paper compares the output waveform and the working of the two inductor boost converter and cascade boost converter used for fuel-cell and solar system applications. These are used for boosting the level of DC voltages.

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The leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other in several layers, often with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. There are mono leaf springs, or single-leaf springs, that consist of simply one plate of spring steel. These are usually thick in the middle and taper out toward the end, and they don't typically offer too much strength and suspension for towed vehicles. Drivers looking to tow heavier loads typically use multileaf springs, which consist of several leaf springs of varying length stacked on top of each other. Springs will fail from fatigue caused by the repeated flexing of the spring. We are also considering these cases also. (1) Modeling of Road Irregularity. (2) The life and safety of the vehicle on road. Presently used material for leaf spring is forged steel. In this project we are going to design leaf spring for the material composite material carbon. We are going to check the strength variations while changing reinforcement angle and layers. Structural Analysis is done on the leaf spring by using three different material carbon epoxy. Fatigue analysis is to find life and safety factor.

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The robotics is an important role in engineering study and practice. This is an internal cleaner robot which is specially designed for pipeline to clean, to cut the unwanted material. However there are many issues related to its function-ability occurs. Scale formation created inside the pipelines which are very dangerous and serious problem in thermal power plant, water treatment plant, in drainage industries etc. This scale formation creates the tremendous expense. To remove scale formation, choke up and avoid the problem expense go to high. To cut the expensive and costly pipeline or change the pipeline create highly expense to company. In this paper the simple design of internal cleaner robot carry the occupant safety in a crash environment and chokup reduction is considered. Design will provide an additional way to nullify some of above issues. Creating the design improves its working ability and its function-ability. This is the internal cleaner robot of pipeline but it can use in various areas for cleaning and removing of tiny particle. This is multi-mechanism system where we can change the number of cutting tools as per our application. The big machinery have not capacity to go inside in the small pipeline & cannot easily portable from one place to another place. This machine is very small, light and easy to handle. Aim of this project is to perform design to save the money and materials of company. It is very useful to improve the efficiency and performance of fluid flowing capacity of fluid materials.

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Fossil fuels are the main source of energy that can be extracted to other mechanical energies in less complicated format. Automobiles as well as industries utilize this energy transformation process for getting required energy. Internal combustion engines were developed with the aim that maximum energy must be used while certain fixed quantity of fuel is combusted. Compact design of engines helped to have efficiency above sixty percentages. But there had been waste products, when the fossil fuels are burnt. These were not eco-friendly. During first half of 20th century, there witnessed non eco-friendly gas amount at marginable limit. This resulted to have restriction of emission of certain gases into atmosphere. This project work is focused on oxidation of soot particles that may present in the diesel engine exhaust gas. Mostly soot particles are developed due to incomplete combustion of fuel. Several techniques introduced to control emission: Exhaust Gas Recirculation, Selective Catalytic Reduction etc. for further reduction of pollutants. But individual Technique has some range of temperature & pressure to give their best performance. Soot Particles are one among the component in Particulate Matter. They can be burnt into CO2 with additional energy.

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Cleaning is the most Important thing in our world. The Robot Vacuum Cleaner is suitable for cleaning of different flooring (Bottle, tile, laminate, wood, short hair carpet) and it is able to clean up dirt almost as any conventional vacuum cleaner. It is a device that automatically (without your help) cleans the floor. Robot vacuum cleaner is small and compact. Robot Vacuum Cleaner is equipped with rotating brushes to lift dirt from the floor, one side brush for sweeping corners and a small vacuum cleaning unit. This device has an infrared sensor that secures its movement and orientation in a room–allows distinguishing the stairs or hollows. This Robot is to be Control by the Mobile Phone Using DTMF Module. And its having the display Segment for the purpose of message confirmation.

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Shearing machines are based on the principle of metal cutting by shearing action of a moving blade in relation to a fixed blade. It is a simple process which involves the cutting of metal sheet by two knives which are posed at an angle relative to each other. This project is based on the requirement of Daulat Industries, Nagpur. To design a shearing machine which is capable of cutting 5mm thick stainless steel sheets of 8ft wide and 4 ft length in size. In this research we will develop a CAD model of shearing machine and optimization of machine using FEA.

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In the manufacturing environment, quality improves reliability, increases productivity and customer satisfaction. Quality in manufacturing requires the practice of quality control. This internship report investigates the level of quality control in National Aerospace Laboratories, in Aircraft Prototype Manufacturing Facility. The study involves data collection of Base plate of Main landing gear on daily bases. The data was collected two times (morning and afternoon shifts) per day. This was done for 12 days. Some of the data was collected from department. The physical observations from the company were analyzed using statistical parameters. Here the Objective is to Find whether process is capable of meeting specification by constructing charts and finding Cp and Cpk values for different dimensions (key quality characteristics). Results depicted that Cp and Cpk values are less than 1.33. Finally Cause and Effect diagram is laid for understanding Causes and increasing the Cp and Cpk value to 1.33.

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The 2016 World Cities Report released by the economic and social affairs department of the United Nations states that the number of mega cities in India will go eight fold more from the current five by 2030. Delhi will continue to be the world's second most populous city adding 9.6 million people to its population. Currently, India has five mega cities with a population of over 10 million people. According to the report, the number of mega cities will go up to 41 with a population of 730 million people - 8.7 per cent of the world's population - by 2030. India, home to 18% of the world’s population, uses only 6% of the world’s primary energy. India’s energy consumption has almost doubled since 2000 and the potential for further rapid growth is enormous. India is set to contribute more than any other country to the projected rise in global energy demand, around one-quarter of the total. India’s power system needs to almost quadruple in size by 2040 to catch up and keep pace with electricity demand that – boosted by rising incomes and new connections to the grid – increases at almost 5% per year. An innovative and technological adaption for effective use of renewable energy sources while optimally tapping the available natural resources is one of the important factors for the environment as well as for sustainable business. This can be achieved by using proper solar tracking system; the generation will be improved roughly by 20% to 40% with incremental value of capital project cost. The aim of this paper is to suggest the maximum use of the solar energy through solar trackers for optimum generation and mainly focused on need for solar tracking system, major types and benefits associated with trackers in solar PV project.

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This work presents the vibrational characteristics of composite material that is formed by a jute fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite. An experimental model analysis was conducted on the composite material with cantilever beam structure to get the natural frequency, damping and mode shape. The experimental work is disbursed completely different for various layers of configuration by exciting the composite beam with different excitation frequencies by software model read package. The obtained mode shape reveals the deformation pattern of the structure like its natural frequency. Additionally the finite element modeling and analysis was disbursed by using ANSYS workbench for finding the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the finite element model of jute fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Finally the finite part model of jute fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite is valid with the obtained experimental results.

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In this paper, an accurate image processing algorithm for determination of volume and surface area of egg is developed. The proposed machine vision system consists of two CCTV cameras, an appropriate heavy light system and a computer. The cameras are placed at right angle to each other in order to give two perpendicular views of the image of the egg. Initially, the algorithm segments the background and divides the image into a number of frustums of right elliptical cone. The volume and surface area of each frustum are then computed by the segmentation method. The total volume and surface area of the egg is approximated as the sum of all elementary frustums. The difference between the computed volumes and surface areas obtained by the image processing method and measured by water displacement and tape method, orderly, are not statistically significant at the 5% level. The Bland-Altman results show that the egg size has no effect on the accuracy of estimated volume and surface area found by the image processing technique. The regression formula, M=0.62VIP+39, between the computed volume and the measured mass of eggs is found to be highly correlated with R2=0.95.

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To enrich the properties of concrete and to study the performance of concrete polypropylene fiber and silica fume were used in this study. In this experimental work using of 2 different materials polypropylene fiber and silica fume fiber with different mix proportion of hybrid ratios to form the hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. silica fume and polypropylene fibers have altered properties and these properties will increases the flexural, tensile, impact strength of concrete. Shrinkage, Initial cracks can be resisted by using of polypropylene fibers. By this strength parameters also increases. In this work has been carried for M25 and M30 grade concrete according to IS 10262:2009 with five various proportions are added with concrete in gradients. The proportion of silica fume and polypropylene fiber is varying with different hybridization ratios i.e. 0%,0%, 1.0 %, 1.5% 2.0% and silica fume added by vol. of replacement of cement and polypropylene is added by the weight of cement. The tests were conducted on concrete such as slump cone test on fresh concrete, compressive test, flexural test, split tensile test and the modulus of elasticity on hardened concrete. These tests were done to analyze the hardened properties of concrete for 7& 28 days for compressive strength, 7 &28days for, split tensile strength, flexural strength. To evaluate the strength parameters different tests are conducted and results are tabulated. From experimental work and results it can be concluded addition of fiber gives maximum results in all the strength parameters compare to other different ratios.

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Cloud computing is one of evolving technology nowadays, giving versatile services. But secure data sharing is susceptible in cloud computing environment. Full lifecycle privacy security is not implemented in Cloud, access control is challenging task to share sensitive data on cloud servers. One of novel approach for secure data self-destructing scheme is Key Policy Attribute Based Encryption with Time Specified attributes i.e. (KP-TSABE).The cipher text is labeled with time interval and private key is associated with particular time instant.KP-TSABE supports user defined authorization period by providing fine grained access control during the period. After User specified expiration time the data will be securely self-destructed.KP-TSABE scheme is secure under the decision l-bilinear Diffie-Hellman inversion assumption.

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Twenty one genotypes of radish were evaluated in Rabi seasons of 2014-15 for different horticultural traits. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were found moderate for root weight without leafs, leaf weight, root weight with leafs, root diameter and root length. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain observed for root length, root weight with leafs, root weight without leafs, leaf weight and root diameter. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients among different characters showed that marketable root yield per hectare had positive and significant association with root weight without leaf, root weight with leaf, root length, number of leaves and length of whole plant. The path coefficient analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect towards root yield per plant was contributed by root weight without leaf, length of whole plant, root weight with leaf, number of leaves, thereby indicating the importance of these traits for yield improvement in radish through direct or indirect selection.

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Five different methods of the non-zero integral solutions of the homogeneous biquadratic Diophantine equation with five unknowns 8(x2 + y2) - 15xy = 40z4 are determined. Introducing the linear transformations x = u + v, y = u – v, u v 0 in 8(x2 + y2) -15xy = 40z4, it reduces to u2 +27v2 = 31z4. We are solved the above equation through various choices and are obtained the different methods of solutions which are satisfied it. Some interesting relations among the special numbers and the solutions are exposed.

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