Today in the current global scenario, the prime question in every girl’s mind, taking into account the ever rising increase of issues on women harassment in recent past, is only about her safety and security. This paper suggests a new perspective to use technology to protect women. The system resembles a normal belt which when activated, tracks the location of the victim using GPS and sends emergency messages using GSM, to three emergency contacts and the police control room. The system also incorporates a screaming alarm that uses real-time clock, to call out for help and also generates an electric shock to injure the attacker for self defense. The main advantage of this system is that the user does not require a Smartphone unlike other applications that have been developed earlier. The belt provides with all the features which will leave no stone unturned to help the victim in any kind of emergency situations. Kids, aged people & ladies mostly not able to fight to criminal for self security. Sometime government security may not give on time support. For developing smart system two factors has been considered i.e. prevention of incident & cure of incident.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are useful in environment where fixed network infrastructure is unavailable. To function normally, MANETs demand an efficient and distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol. However, characteristics of MANETs such as radio link vulnerability, mobility, limited power pose great challenges on MAC design. In the IEEE 802 reference model of computer networking, the medium access control or media access control (MAC) layer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. Changes are needed at various levels of the protocol stack, most importantly at the medium access layer(MAC).The medium access mechanism in multihop wireless networks should minimize collisions, and take care of the hidden and exposed problems. This chapter deals with the problem of designing and effectively utilizing wireless communication channels. Since the wireless medium is inherently a shared resource, controlling channel access becomes a central theme that determines the fundamental capacity of the wireless network and has a dramatic impact on system complexity and cost. Therefore, our primary focus will be the design and implementation of Media Access Control (MAC) protocols for mobile wireless networks. This work discusses architecture and working of the dual MAC. Performance results of the network using MAC are presented, and compared with that of pure DCF operation.

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NOCT stand for Nominal operating cell Temperature as per IEC 61215 & IS 14286 standard, ”NOCT” defined as the cell temperature within an open rack mounted in the following standard reference environment condition : Tilt angle: 45̊ ±5 From the horizontal Total irradiance:800-900 W/m2 Ambient temperature: 20 ±15̊ C Wind speed: 1 m/s Electrical load: open circuit or specified condition.

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Steganography provides secret and secure communication whose goal is to make communication unintelligible to those whose do not possess the right keys. Steganography techniques like Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Bitplane Complexity Segmentation are given and its PSNA and MSQE are calculated using Matlab program and tabulated. In this project the program was tested on mat lab tool, the parameters to be obtained such as the PSNR and MSQE were obtained for various transformation techniques. It was found that minimum mean square quantization error is said to be very minimum for BPCS than compared with DCT. PSNR calculated for BPCS is greater than DCT.

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Pervious concrete is an ideal sustainable solution continuing to gain popularity as a viable paving material and a tool of sustainable development because of its environmental benefits. It has been considered as an environmental friendly building material which is quickly gaining recognition as a green building component. Many researches has been conducted to investigate the possibility of replacing the environmentally unfriendly Portland cement by supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash, silica fume, cement kiln dust (CKD) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and coarse aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate to enhance the environmental benefits of pervious concrete. The main aim of this study is to review the performance of pervious concrete with these sustainable materials replacing or partially replacing cement and aggregate. It was found that substituting the natural aggregate with recycled aggregate resulted in a considerable increase of permeability coefficient whereas the mechanical properties of such concretes were adversely affected up to a certain degree. It is also observed that partially replacement of cement with cementitious materials fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, cement kiln dust and furnace slag can lead to enhancing the compressive strength of pervious concrete and permeability of pervious concrete. It is concluded that waste materials significantly contribute to improving of the environmental friendliness of pervious concrete.

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Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of the storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. In high rise building or multi storey building, soft storey construction is a typical feature because of urbanization and the space occupancy considerations. These provisions reduce the stiffness of the lateral load resisting system and a progressive collapse becomes unavoidable in a severe earthquake for such buildings due to soft storey. This storey level containing the concrete columns which were unable to provide adequate shear resistance, hence damage and collapse are most often observed in soft story buildings during the earthquake. Infill wall plays an important role in providing lateral stiffness to the building. In this paper an industrial building is selected for the study, to study the seismic performance of soft storey buildings, there are 6 3D mathematical models have been developed using ETABS. The following parameters have been studied, storey drift, storey displacement, time period, storey shear and modes shapes. Subsequently adopting the control measures to reduce the effect of soft storey in terms..

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The developing biodiesel field almost reached good height in the transport sector and it is more in advanced studies in transport sector. The foot print of biodiesel in domestic applications will have huge changes in the fuel economy. The replacement of kerosene with biodiesel will be the one best option. This paper contains the work for designing biodiesel burning pressure stove. This pressure stove can reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. This paper contains experiments and results that deal with comparison of kerosene stove and biodiesel. The design of the biodiesel burner was proposed in this paper.

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Harmonic is a most severe problem in power system. With wide use of power electronics devices at industries, commercial, residential electrical load there is a serious problem relating to power quality. One of such problem is generation of current and voltage harmonics. Traditionally it was suppress by LC filters known as passive filters. On another way newly developed active filters are universally suppressing the harmonics. Active filters are comparatively superior to conventional passive filters. In this paper the active shunt filter control strategies for harmonic mitigation is reviewed.

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To provide high quality content-based search services over huge volume of image collections, both efficiency and effectiveness are important issues. Advanced indexing structure is essential to scale the big data space and facilitate accurate search. The most naive approach for CBIR is to sequentially compare query image with each sample stored in the database. Its linear complexity leads to the poor efficiency and low scalability in real environment. Also, visual features usually have high dimensions. How to solve the curse of dimensionality is still an open research question, which has not been addressed properly. In most real CBIR applications, approximate retrieval results can sufficiently satisfy user’s information needs. An rising technology to support scalable content-based image retrieval (CBIR), hashing has been recently received great attention and became a very active study domain. In this study, to propose a novel unsupervised visual hashing method is known as semantic-assisted visual hashing (SAVH). Renowned from semi-supervised and supervised visual hashing, its core design is to effectively extract the rich semantics latently embedded in auxiliary texts of images to enhance the usefulness of visual hashing without any explicit semantic labels. To achieve the target, a unified unsupervised skeleton is developed to learn hash codes by concurrently preserving visual similarities of images, integrating the semantic assistance from assisting texts on modeling high-order relationships of inter-images and characterizing the correlations linking images and documents.

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The objective of the paper is to provide the precise solution for speed control of three phase induction motor for high speed variable speed drives. The performance of indirect vector control induction motor drive is enhanced using different controller & comparative performance has been presented & analyzed in this work. The proposed work includes a voltage source PWM inverter-fed indirect vector control system of induction motor. Traditional indirect vector control system of induction motor introduces conventional PI regulator in outer speed loop. Because of the simplicity and stability, it is proven that the low precision of the speed regulator debases the performance of the whole system. To overcome this problem, replacement of PI controller by an intelligent Controller based on fuzzy set theory is proposed. The Fuzzy logic controller provides an effective solution for achieving better performance compared to PI controller. The performance of the intelligent controller is designed and simulated through digital simulation using MATLAB-SIMULINK under varying operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed controller is better than that of the conventional PI controller.

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The key function of milling machine is to produce flat surfaces in any curved or irregular surfaces. The functions are accomplished by slowly feeding the work piece with the help of reciprocating adjustable worktable against the circular cutting tool rotating at moderately high speed. This research is based on the requirement of Pragati industries. The industry is in need of Gear cutting machine. The gear hobbing machine is very expensive and occupies large space. The industry has a conventional milling machine. So, we design a special purpose fixure for cutting gear on milling machine to fulfill the need of company.

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Cooperative routing and range spectrum aggregation are two promising methods for channel sensing and switching. In this paper, we propose a Cognitive Radio Sensor Network (CRSNs) based cooperative routing protocol, termed as licensed channel, termed as cluster, for intra-cluster and inter- cluster. To the best of our insight, this is the first commitment on range accumulation based agreeable directing for CRSNs. The essential target of channel data transmission is to give higher vitality productivity, enhance throughput, and reduces system delay for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). A Cognitive Radio (CR) network (i.e., secondary network) opportunistically shares the radio resources with a network (i.e., Primary network). A CR-based cellular network where a cluster network shares a spectrum that belongs to an indoor system. Reducing the end-to-end delay channel is reduced. The analysis will highlight the impact of the multi-user diversity gain of both the primary and secondary users on the achievable spectral efficiency. The constraints on the reliability of sensing, the throughput and the delay of secondary User (SU) transmission. The optimal value of sensing time depends on SU waiting current channel. Found out to make the energy consumption of one data packet transmission minimized.

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Heat exchangers are a device that exchange the heat between two fluids of different temperatures that are separated by a solid wall. The temperature gradient, or the differences in temperature facilitate this transfer of heat. Transfer of heat happens by three principle means: radiation, conduction and convection. In the use of heat exchangers radiation does take place. However, in comparison to conduction and convection, radiation does not play a major role. Conduction occurs as the heat from the higher temperature fluid passes through the solid wall. The present work is based on industrial requirement. In the petroleum refinery after distillation different grade of oil comes out at different high temperature which comes in to a pump and supplied at required level. The heat exchanger data, temperature of hydrocarbon and required temperature rise of crude oil were Chosen. Therefore the objective of present work involves the study of refinery process and apply phenomena of heat transfer for aluminium material and different thickness for thermal design procedure of the counter flow heat exchanger. The inner pipe in which hot hydrocarbon flows and in outer annulus cold crude oil passes from opposite direction. The heat recovery from hot fluid is used to increase the temperature of cold fluid. Design was carried out based on the outlet temperature requirement of the cold fluid. With the help of computation fluid dynamics the study and unsteady simulation carried out for designed heat exchanger and based on the simulation results thermal analysis carried out.

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Water is a momentous natural resource for perpetuation life and environment but the last some decades the water quality has been deteriorated due to it’s over exploitation. Water quality is one of the most important criterions to determine its suitability for human beings. Water monitoring is needed for deterioration in water quality on regular basis. In this study we checked the physical and chemical quality of the Muncipal and underground water used by Vidisha city. Ten underground, municipal water samples collected from the study region and the samples were analyzed for different physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, Total hardness (TH), Total alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Slight deviation was observed in Pitalmil chouraha and Ahmadpur Chouraha with Hardness and BOD; COD values are also within the limit which indicates that less contaminants of wastes in the ground water.

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Power quality is a cruisal issue for modern electrical power system. With wide use of non linear load such as electrical drives, computers at industrial, commercial, residential electrical load there is a great challenge for power engineers relating to power quality. One of such problem is generation of current and voltage harmonics. Traditionally it was suppress by passive filters. After a lot of technical researches there are so many newly developed ways for harmonic suppression. Active filters are one of universal way for harmonic mitigation. Active filters are comparatively superior to conventional passive filters. In this paper the active shunt filter MATLAB/SIMULINK model is presented .Simulation result indicates that proposed active shunt filter can effectively reduce harmonic distortion level.

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Data mining offers a facility to find most demanding products from the number of products based on the customer satisfaction in a particular organization or company to improve production plans [1]. The main objective of this research is to improve the execution time from the previous method by eliminating the products which are not possible to enter top-k list using minimum support threshold concept in greedy algorithm.

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In the pursuit of attaining cutting technologies it is a prudent and efficient way to have an airborne fuel station and in-fight refuelling feature added to the advanced generation of aircraft. The ‘in-flight’ refuelling system essentially consists of hose (flexible pipe), drogue chute, receptacle and the winding cage. The hose is integrated with the mother aircraft refueling system on the air platform structure which is kept in a rolled condition over a roller with guiding mechanism for uniform winding of the hose all over the roller width. The end of hose is connected to the mother aircraft refueling tank while the other end which comes out of the aircraft through a drogue chute. This drogue chute uses its aerodynamic drag in a moving air platform to the receiving which flies at little lower altitude so as to allow the hose in being unrolled to come in contact with to receiving ATF (aviation turbine fuel) through the mid air refuelling port. After the refuelling is complete the mother aircraft pulls back the mid air refueling hose to once again pack it on the roller through the guide mechanism. An operator of one of advanced generation aircraft having the feature of mid air refueling hose was stationed at DMSRDE Kanpur for a major defect / failure, making the hose unserviceable which occurred during one refueling exercise wherein the top most portion of the Elastomeric layer had given way to cleavage with exposed helical and braided reinforcement provided for avoiding formation of kink which was deformed and damaged. The assigned objective was to determine the cause of this failure and suggest design modification in hose construction to avoid recurrence of this kind of failure which has a very critical rolled to play from strategic angles . The aerodynamic assessment was done and the material was put to various test such as DSC, TGA, SEM, EDAX and we analysis. Based on the aerodynamic assessment it indicated that the maximum splashing of the hose occurred during rolled backed of the hose in view of roll back tendency against the G-effect (Gravitational effect) and the aerodynamic drag. The elastomeric covering also was studied in detail with the most advanced instrumental techniques having the likely hood of ageing phenomena. Although the elastomeric layer was found to be chemically in good compositional condition still the permanent set in the rubber lining which is under maximum stress during winding being the outer most lining was found to be significant and thus the permanently stressed zone leading to reduction in resilience of the elastomer . Further the compression set is a temperature dependent phenomenon, which is high in tropical country and thus is the most likely cause of failure. Also as the drag is proportional to the square of relative air speed therefore a reduction of the fuel transfer IAS (Indicative air speed) can prevent such a phenomenon. Therefore an improved rubber lining with lower drag coefficient and suiting Indian conditions where the average temperature are high as compared with the temperate conditions with lower platform cruise speed till the refueling hose winding is complete can prevent recurrence of such a phenomenon.

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Aluminium alloy materials found to be the best alternative with its unique capacity of designing the materials to give required properties. Aluminium alloy Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are gaining wide spread acceptance for automobile such as engine cylinders and pistons, industrial, aerospace and it is also useful in defence applications like torpedoes, manufacture of missile bodies, because of their low density, high strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity and good structural rigidity. Poor wear resistance of the alloys is major limitation for their use. Which also exhibit poor tribological properties is the drawback of this material. Hence the desire in the engineering community to developed a new material with greater wear resistance and better tribological properties without much compromising on the strength to weight ratio which led to the development of metal matrix composites. The matrix aluminium 2024 alloy was melted in a furnace and stirred to form a vertex, Tungsten carbide (WC) particles and graphite particles were added as reinforcement material to the periphery of vertex and the composite melt was solidified in a permanent mould casting. And hardness test, Tensile test, Wear test and microstructure analysis are carried out.

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The enhancement to the flow and heat transfer in a semi-circular protrusion fitted with fins is taking great prominence among the researchers. Understanding these kinds of pin fins which are used widely in industry are believed give a rich contribution to elucidation of the phenomena in normal and compact heat exchangers used in different application. It was, therefore, chosen to investigate the heat transfer and pressure drops characteristics in a channel containing semi-circular fins at both low and high Reynolds numbers. The present report deals with the numerical investigation of various aspects of single-phase convective heat transfer enhancement in a two dimensional semi-circular protrusion on fin surface at a constant heat flux (CHF) condition. By applying the conjugate heat transfer boundary conditions, numerical simulations close to the realistic working conditions were performed. Pressure, temperature and velocity profile were drawn for different inlet velocities for a protrusion arrangement, considering the flow to be laminar and turbulence. The working fluid considered here is air. Numerical study was done using Fluent software, for the same Reynolds number and under same boundary conditions by applying single protrusion of semi-circular shape on a longitudinal fin of inner tube and the results revealed that the same Nusselt number 20, results at Reynolds number of 300 with single protrusion using air as cooling fluid. Further numerical study has been done for the optimization of gap between the two protrusions for the maximum heat transfer and results reveal that at a gap of 4L the heat transfer is maximum and both protrusions dissipates equivalent amount of heat. The present work is undertaken to evaluate the performance of the vortex generator used to enhance the heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger. These vortex generators are mounted on the circular fins which are used as inserts between the plates. For detailed investigation a circular protrusion which produces vortex are considered. This work deals with the formulation of the present problem.

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Nanotechnology has a huge impact on modern industry where nanomaterials are applied for numerous application and thus increasing the efficiency of any system to maximum possibilities. Nanofluids, which are prepared by dispersing nanoparticle into a base fluid, have huge potential in industrial application. Low cost additives like nanoparticle play a vital role in modern industry. This review on nanofluids consisting nanoparticle made of titanium, copper, aluminum, silver, Iron, Single Wall Nanotube (SWNT), Multi Wall Nanotube (MWNT) and many more as base elements .These are currently in application for lubrication, Refrigeration, automobile, coating, heat transfer, machining of various materials and electronics. Researches have substituted conventional fluid with nanofluids and briefly mention about various Industrial application and potential scope for contribution of nanofluid technology in research centers, academics centers, and industrial sectors. This study will also mention the challenges for implementation of nanofluid in various applications.

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Cryptography plays a predominant role in network security. LFSR (Linear Feedback Carry Shift Register) are widely used in order to generate pseudo random sequence, the linear function of its previous state is given as input bit. The total number of random states produced by LFSR depends on feedback polynomial. The output taken from few shift register with Boolean function, form the feedback path which could generate (2^n) - 1 random sequence. In this paper we have designed Galois LFSR and Fibonacci LFSR for generating pseudo random sequence using VHDL to analyze its performance and behavior of its randomness.

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The present investigation is mainly focused on finding the short term mechanical properties of M20 grade hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) mixes with different fibers blending. Crimped steel and chopped mat glass fibers are blended in different proportions (0:0, 0.25:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.75 and 1:1) by percentage of volume of concrete and weight of cement. Coarse aggregates of size 20 mm and 10 mm are blended in 60:40 proportions by percentage of weight of total coarse aggregate. Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53(OPC) was used as a binding material. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength (STS) were studied after 7, 28 and 90 days of curing period. Impact strength and sorptivity were also studied after 28 and 45 days of curing. From the results, it is revealed that the mechanical properties were increased till fibers blending of 0.75:0.75 and decreasing trend has been observed at 1:1 fibers blending. Impact strength and sorptivity results have shown improvement till the fibers blending of 1:1. It is concluded that optimum fiber blending was 0.75:0.75 by percentage of volume of concrete and weight of cement.

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The concept of bigdata is based on grid computing and its essential features i.e. six (6) V's. The aim of BPT leveraging big data is to take action – to make more accurate decisions and to produce smaller data sets for analysis so quickly. The study of bigdata processing has been carried on the areas like generation and interpretation of bigdata, large volume of data beyond capacity and unstructured data. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms are being applied profusely in BPT. These unsupervised learning is used for finding the hidden structure from the unlabelled datasets. Since the datasets are not labelled, there will be no error while evaluating for potential solutions. The objective of this paper is to present a comparative study of different bigdata processing techniques.

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The performance and emission characteristics of a constant speed single cylinder four stroke diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel (B100) are studied and compared with base diesel. The biodiesel is produced from Karanja oil by transesterification process has been used in this study. Experiments has been conducted at 100% load and at compression ratios of 18:1, 19:1 and 20:1. The impact of compression ratio on performance and exhaust gas emissions has been studied and presented. Best compression ratio which gives better performance and less emission has been identified. The results indicate higher brake thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption and increasing trend in NOx emission.

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The main aim of this article is to illustrate the major drawbacks of public distribution system (PDS) in India, through various studies conducted in the country. The performance and problems of PDS varies regionally based on the implication of system by state governments and union territories, hence this article would give a holistic picture of major problems in public distribution system in the country. The assessment of previous studies represents; corruption, poor quality and less quantity of entitlements, incorrect classification of below and above poverty households, bogus cards and inadequate functioning of the fair price shops are the major problems in system, therefore this article intensely discuss about the existing problems in PDS.

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