Concrete filled steel tube column has got many leads associated with the reinforced concrete member. Concrete filled steel tubes are often used for piers, profound foundations, caissons and columns because of its high compressive strength and stiffness. Analytical Study and Reliability analysis of Hollow Steel Tube with concrete filled of different grades under monotonic loading is offered in this study. The nonlinear behavior of the columns is perceived by using finite element software ABAQUS 6.10- The outcomes from non-linear finite element analyses is attained and is substantiated with Euro code Part-4 and Reliability analysis. This study was carried out to examine the effect of numerous parameters such as thickness of tube (3.2mm), Diameter of steel tube (26.90mm, 33.70mm & 42.40mm) Slenderness ratio & Reliability and Also to find Ultimate load carrying ability of hollow and composite column on compressive response under axis loading was assessed. The main parameters are: (1) Slenderness ratio (2) Thickness -steel tube (3) compressive strength of concrete. Properties of above variables mentioned on the behavior of columns are weighed. Catastrophe modes and deformed shape of the columns is also demonstrated. From this study, it is decided that, the advanced finite element model gives nearer perfection and shows the nonlinear behavior well with 5-10% error. Also the nonlinear behavior is inspected initially only steel tube is loaded then on concrete is loaded and when both is loaded and the combination of both steel tube and infill concrete give greater load carrying capacity. The diagnosed results are well authenticated with preceding researchers too.

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This paper explores the concept of software development consisting of multiple collaborating units that introduce challenges and risks causing failure in project development even when risk monitoring is controlled. Software project risk management consists of risk identification; analysis and mitigation methods which help project managers either entirely avoid or curb the repercussions of the risks encountered during development of a project. The risks may have been identified on other projects as well as in earlier stages or tasks of the current project. The main objective of the paper is to present an overview of the specifics of risk management and discuss existing risk management systems and further provide the future work to be done.

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This article is intended to link BowTie Analysis to Risk Management. Linking of operational risk to Bow-Tie diagrams provides an organization with greater visibility and understanding. Experience show that Bow-Tie is ideal for structured assessment and communication of risks, clearly demonstrates the link between control measures and management system arrangements and can be used to quantitatively assess and demonstrate control of all types of risk. Use of Bow-Tie analysis enables companies to streamline their risk management documentation, as the amount of information which can be included on a single Bow-Tie diagram would require several pages if presented in text or tabular format. Tips for success while using Bow-Tie analysis is to involve people from different levels in development, making sure that control responsibilities don’t finish up at manager level, verifying control measures and tasks. Thus, the method helps to ensure that risks are managed rather than just analyzed.

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Data mining is the process of extracting important and useful information from large sets of data. The goal of the data mining process is to extract knowledge from an existing data set and transform it into a unique human understandable format for some advance use. Through data mining, we can able to effectively extract data in the form of knowledge discovery which provides useful helping guide for information processing that can be utilized in varieties of applications. It is the most seeking field in recent framework and its importance cannot be ignored at all as effective data analysis outputs to extensive information utilization in almost all the fields and a proper data mining provides the appropriate and effective result. Different types of data mining techniques are augmented for powerful data mining applications that can ranges from Super market data to science, research, medical, media, web, entertainment and a lot of other fields which are implemented through data warehouses and Online Analytical Processing along with different data mining models. In this paper we have focused on data mining works with respect to current research approaches in variety of fields.

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GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) composite materials are used in many engineering applications because of its high strength to weight ratio. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate mechanical properties of GFRP rotor blades which are used in cooling towers. These blades are manufactured by pressure bag molding process by using suitable mould. Before installation (Delivery), the blade must be tested for mechanical properties. For this testing, GFRP laminate is made by hand layup technique. Epoxy resin is used as matrix in manufacturing of the GFRP laminate. Axial flow fans are large capacity air moving devices suitable for mine ventilations and air heat exchangers. The conventional cast aluminum blades have a complex design with a higher power consumption and lower performance efficiency. The aim of proposed work is to fabricate, design, and analyze the epoxy based glass fiber composite, compare these results with experimental and theoretical values.

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Risks are very common in construction sector. It is also a fact that risk management in construction projects is still very ineffective and the main cause of this situation is the lack of knowledge. Many construction projects fail because project companies assume that all the projects would succeed and they therefore do not identify, analyze, and provide solutions to the risk elements involved in the project. One of the major roles undertaken by a project manager is the management of the risk of a project. However, this duty is complex and inefficient if good risk management has not been done from the beginning of the project. A proper and systematic methodology is required for an effective and efficient risk management approach and, more importantly, knowledge and experience. Project managers are being pressurized to minimize the chance of project failure. This increasing pressure for performance suggests that it is essential for anyone involved in a project to be concerned about the associated risks and how they can be effectively managed. Basically, Performance of a project is analyzed on the criteria of quality, budget and time of completion. This paper aims at enlisting various risks and challenges involved in construction project and various risk management techniques which can be used for the successful completion of project.

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A construction company’s organizational structure refers to both the arrangement of job roles and the reporting and operational relationships between and within these roles. Different types of roles and responsibilities depending upon type of department, function or area of work are necessary so as to make a most appropriate organizational design. The various work areas can be marketing, purchasing, planning, human resources, surveying, finance, pre-construction tasks and construction operations. Construction work requires a proper order of roles and responsibilities so that managers can reduce risk involved in project, proper management and safety at workplace can be maintained. Proper order is required to clear roles for each individual, which makes it possible for construction jobs to be completed on schedule without compromising the budget or safety of on-site workers. This paper aims at describing organizational structure and the respective job roles so as to execute the required project in scheduled budget and time.

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The concept of Delay Tolerant networks (DTN) makes the use of store carry and forward mechanism [1] in which first of all, the message to be sent to any node has to be stored or buffered in the form of bundle. Routing provides more priority to the messages destined to the contact node. This paper presents a performance evaluation based on the total size of delivery messages, delivery probability and overhead ratio. Further, the impact of the scenarios on the evaluation result is analyzed. For the simulation, we have used Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) Simulator.

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Software testing is considered as one of the key phases in the software-development life cycle (SDLC). The main objective of software testing is to detect the faults either through manual testing or with automated testing approach. The most commonly adopted software testing approach in industries is test case based testing (TCBT) which is usually done manually. TCBT is mainly used by the software testers to formalize and guide their testing activities and set theoretical principals for testing. Model based testing (MBT) is widely used automation software testing technique to generate and execute the tests. Black-box testing, on the other hand is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application based on the specifications. All the three techniques are showing their prominence in real time with some pros and cons. However, there is no formal comparison available among these three techniques. The main objective of this paper is to find out the difference in test cases in TCBT, MBT and Black-box in terms of providing better test coverage (Statement, Branch and Path), requirement, traceability, cost and time.

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Concrete is one of the most vital and common materials used in the construction field. The current area of research in the concrete was introducing waste foundry sand (WFS) and waste ceramic tiles in the ordinary concrete. Waste foundry sand is the byproduct of metal casting industries which causes environmental problems because of its improper disposal. Construction industries requires huge amount of ceramic tiles and other ceramic for architectural appearance, the productions of which are drastically increased, due to this waste is also produce during handling and usage of ceramic tiles. An experimental investigation was carried out on concrete containing waste foundry sand (WFS) in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% and waste ceramic tiles (WCT) in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight for M-25 grade concrete. Concrete was produced, tested and compared with conventional concrete in plastic state as well as in harden state for workability, compressive strength & split tensile strength. These tests were carried out on standard cube, cylinder for 7 and 28 days to determine the properties of concrete.

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For high capacity transmission such as broadband we require high speed. Therefore a combination of radio frequency with optical fiber is proposed known as radio over fiber. [1, 2] With the advent of this technique the system cost reduces because there is no need to design uplink and downlink. The application of radio over fiber includes cable television, network design, and uplink and downlink design and in satellite base station. In this paper, we design a Radio over fiber communication link with suppressed carrier amplitude modulated RF signal. After modulation signal is transmitted to the optical fiber of 50 km. For simulation Optisystem 13 is used. The results are compared and analyzed with the help of eye pattern generated by the BER analyzer. The input and output optical spectrum is studied with the help of optical analyzer whereas the RF signal is analyzed with the help of RF analyzer.

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Outlier Mining is an important task of discovering the data records which have an exceptional behavior comparing with other records in the remaining dataset. Outliers do not follow with other data objects in the dataset. There are many effective approaches to detect outliers in numerical data. Most of the earliest work on outlier detection was performed by the statistics community on numeric data. But for categorical dataset there are limited approaches By using memory efficient incremental local outlier (MiLOF) detection algorithm and ROAD (Ranking-based Outlier Analysis and Detection algorithm).

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We create a new access method known as the spatial inverted index that stretches the traditional inverted index to deal with multidimensional data, and includes calculations that may answer nearest neighbor queries with key phrases instantly. Today, many modern programs demand novel types of queries that goal to locate objects satisfying both a spatial predicate, along with a predicate on their own connected texts. A spatial database manages multidimensional objects, and offers immediate access to individuals objects according to different selection criteria. Our goal would be to let each block of the inverted list be directly a leaf node within the R-tree. This really is as opposed to the choice approach of creating an R-tree that shares nothing using the inverted list, which wastes space by duplicating each reason for the inverted list. For instance, rather than thinking about all of the restaurants, a nearest neighbor query would rather request district that's the nearest among individuals whose menus contain “steak, spaghetti, brandy” all simultaneously. Conventional spatial queries, for example range search and nearest neighbor retrieval, involve only conditions on objects’ geometric qualities. Presently the very best means to fix such queries is dependent on the IR2-tree, which, as proven within this paper, includes a couple of deficiencies that seriously impact its efficiency. As verified by experiments, the suggested techniques outshine the IR2-tree in query response time considerably, frequently with a factor of orders of magnitude.

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Telecommunication and information technology in healthcare can substantially improve the quality of care delivery system. Use of these technologies can help to change the approach from reactive to proactive healthcare. Further, bounds of distance and cost are reduced to cater more number of people at affordable costs. Incubators and radiant warmers are very common medical equipment used in neonatal hospitals. These are primarily heating devices that are used to keep newborn babies warm and help them to achieve thermoregulation in order to prevent diseases related to hypothermia. In this paper, design of a low-cost system for monitoring and control of incubator and radiant warmer is discussed. Vital parameters like air and body temperature, heart rate and humidity level are continuously measured. On basis of this a servocontrol is implemented to regulate the heat output of the heating element in the machine to maintain a constant temperature. Facility is provided to monitoring and control the machine locally using a touch screen based operators console as well as remotely over internet. A dedicated web server maintains the data in real time and give access to doctor or any authorized medical personal to monitor and control the machine. Facility is also provided to generate alarm both locally in terms audible notification and remotely in terms of a SMS. Completed system has been designed on Arduino Mega platform. Proposed system does not incur substantial rise in the cost compared to cost of existing machines without such facilities and is certainly a cheaper solution compared to such high-end machines available in market.

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Social media sharing sites like Flickr permit users to clarify images with free tags, which fundamentally add to the advancement of the web image retrieval and association. Tag-based image pursuit is a vital technique to discover images contributed by social users in such social sites. Notwithstanding, how to make the top positioned result significant and with assorted qualities is challenging. In this paper, we propose a social re-ranking framework for tag-based image retrieval with the thought of image's pertinence and assorted qualities. We go for re-ranking images as indicated by their visual data, semantic data and social clues. The underlying results incorporate images contributed by various social users. Typically every user contributes a few images. In the first place we sort these images by inter-user re-ranking. Users that have higher commitment to the given query rank higher. At that point we successively execute intra-user re-ranking on the positioned user's image set, and just the most significant image from every user's image set is chosen. These chose images form the last recovered results. We assemble an upset file structure for the social image dataset to quicken the looking procedure.

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Catastrophes concerning fire are an inordinate risk to human life and property. Ascribed to the lack of knowledge on fire safety among people, building fire safety at the present has progressively established its significance. Several approaches to avert fire have been undertaken. Fire safety systems such as automatic fire alarms deliver instantaneous automated surveillance and monitoring of the fire accidents, triggering an alarm indicating fire while fire extinguishers put off fire instantaneously. The fire alarm systems detect the signs of fire such as smoke and generate correspondingly a prompt alarm triggering an evacuation immediately and employing fire extinguishers such as water sprinklers or a call to the fire safety personnel, thus aiding in reduction of the damage caused to human lives as well as the buildings. Attributed to rapid urbanization, a myriad number of buildings are on a rise necessitating a large amount of fire safety systems to be devised that regularly check for smoke and an increase in temperature. This paper reviews and emphasises the use of fire safety systems and emergency response systems that must be adopted leading to a safe environment.

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Image segmentation algorithm plays a role in biomedical imaging applications such as the quantification of tissue volumes diagnosis, localization of pathology study of anatomical structure, treatment planning, partial volume correction of functional imaging data, and computer integrated surgery. Various image segmentation techniques are discussed in this paper. Results of various segmentation techniques are compared. Multi atlas based methods gives best segmentation results.

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Textual documents made and appropriated on the Internet are perpetually changing in different structures. The vast majority of existing works are committed to theme demonstrating and the development of individual topics, while consecutive relations of topics in progressive documents distributed by a particular user are overlooked. In this paper, so as to describe and recognize customized and abnormal behaviors of Internet users, we propose Sequential Topic Patterns (STPs) and plan the issue of mining User-mindful Rare Sequential Topic Patterns (URSTPs) in document streams on the Internet. They are uncommon overall yet generally visit for particular users, so can be connected in some real-world situations, for example, real-time observing on abnormal user behaviors. We exhibit a gathering of algorithms to explain this imaginative mining issue through three stages: preprocessing to separate probabilistic topics and distinguish sessions for various users, creating all the STP applicants with (expected) bolster values for every user by example development, and selecting URSTPs by making user-aware rarity analysis on determined STPs.

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The ultimate purpose of the project is to manufacture a composite shaft using lathe machine (conventional method). For this process, we have designed a special lathe attachment over which our fiber will be worn over. We use a E- glass fiber and the solution is a epoxy resin mixed with hardner. Intially the fiber is taken to the required amount and weighed. The equitant amount of epoxy resin is weighed. Then 10% of weight of hardener to epoxy resin is mixed. The lathe attachment consists of a resin bath in which the resin is poured. The fiber is made to dip into the resin bath, so that the fiber is completely covered with resin. On the other end of the attachment , the fiber with resin is taken out and rolled over the mandrel ( stainless steel rod of required dimension ) .The mandrel is imtially wound with butter paper and coated with wax ( For easy removal). As the fiber to the rolled over the mandrel with engage the tool post with lead screw. The required gear attachment for the lead screw speed is set. The Lathe is rotated at the least speed. The required number of windings on the mandrel is given by moving it back and forth. Them the mandrel is removed from the chuck and made to dry. After this process, the mandrel is removed by taking out the butter paper. We get a hallow shaft which is made by compound material i.e. fiber and epoxy resin. The product is of improved strength and is used for the replacement of propeller shafts. This is a conventional way of fabricating a composite shaft with the help of lathe machine. The design of part of it is the special lathe attachment.

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In the wireless sensor network the protocol are desired to be designed with security in mind from scratch. Regarding the limited nature of the network nodes, the protocol design should include the efficient reserve careful method and data route security. In the incidence of stochastic errors such algorithm should produce estimate which are close sense. To identify the collusion and compromised attack based on the iterative filtering algorithm. It should be supposed to be close up to the difference of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). Iterative filtering is done followed by bias and variance estimation. However, such assessment should be achieved with no supplying to the algorithm the variances of the sensors, engaged in practice. Proposed iterative filtering algorithm should give the reliable measures in the attendance of non-stochastic errors, such as faults and malicious attacks inside aggregating data; such algorithm should also provide an assessment of the dependability and fidelity of the data received from the sensor nodes to the optimal ones in information theoretic. This algorithm is implemented in the deployed sensor network for against the compromised attacker present in the network that can more vulnerable to the network.

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Video streaming applications depend cloud storage for operating geo distributed services. So that live video traffic can be relayed between end users at higher throughput. Inter data center wide area network is used for this purpose. Inter data center networks are not only used for relaying live video traffic but also used for storage and email services. Unlike prior work that mainly aims to optimize delay of video traffic routing, this work aims to improve user’s quality of experience and minimize total cost of video distribution.

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Demand in electric energy is increasing day by day. The production cost is also increasing. The biggest task is how to minimize electric energy production cost. Economic load dispatch is one of the solution. Economic load dispatch gives solution, how to schedule generation for required load demand so the fuel cost should be minimum. The economic load dispatch problem is a highly nonlinear constrained optimization problem, constraints are equality and inequality both. In this paper evolutionary methods are applied to find out generation schedule using Bare-Bone Particle swarm optimization, Teaching Learning based and Jaya optimization algorithms are applied to find out solution of economic load dispatch problem and their results are compared.

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With the increasing demand of internet, communication engineers move forward to new communication system known as optical communication. With the advent of optical communication we are able to design a high speed internet with a minimum speed of 10Gbps/sec and the maximum speed up to 160Gbps/sec. (1, 2) The challenge is to handle the issue of chromatic dispersion and attenuation. Another important issue to design a WDM system is cabling. To overcome these cable problems we can move forward to free space optics (FSO) which gives high data rates and also low costs and having easy maintenance which gives as an end user solution. The goal of this paper to design a free space optical link for 32×40Gbps (1Tbps) system with dispersion compensation mechanism over 5 km. The analysis is done on the basis of eye pattern obtained after simulation on Optisystem software. In this paper we design a free space link with 32 channels and also controlled chromatic dispersion by introducing pre compensation and fiber Bragg grating.

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Various methods are used to remove the noise from the digital images, such as Median filtering, mean filtering, Gaussian filtering anisotropic filtering, Vectorial total Variation (VTV), etc. Many of the algorithms removes the fine detail and structure of the noise along with the noise because assumption are made about frequency content of an image. In this paper, non-local means algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawback of existing methods. Non-Local means algorithm take the value of group of pixels surrounding the target pixel to smooth an image. The performance of non-local means algorithm compared with the existing method.

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The review paper describes a new era of devices based on spintronics. Spintronics devices exploit the electron’s spin or magnetic moment to perform their functions. Unlike conventional charge based semiconductor electronic devices, which works on charge injection, transport, and controlled manipulation, spintronics device specifically exploits spin properties. These properties are exploited by adding the spin degree of freedom to conventional charge based electronic devices or using spin alone to yield potential advantage of non-volatility, increased data processing speed, decreased power consumption, and increased integration densities.

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