To meet the power demands, an alternative source of energy is essential to produce power. Sun being renewable energy, it is used. Photons from the sun light are incident on the solar panel and LDRs which are fixed near the panel. The solar tracking is done using arduino which is interfaced with LDRs. When the light falls on LDRs the intensity changes, based on the higher intensity side the solar panel is titled with the help of DC motor using relay circuits to move in forward and backward directions. Thus the lead acid battery is charged by the energy from the panel. Furthermore the secondary battery is utilised for loads when the primary battery is drained . By switching operation the bypassing of batteries is done. For monitoring the panel and controlling the batteries the real values from the panel and the batteries are given to arduino and it is interfaced with labview.

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Robots are playing a vital role in works related to automation. This reduces human error and also increases the productivity. This project is designed for rescuing purpose in the natural disasters or in the bomb blasts and also act as a spy robot. We are using the computer in this project to control the robot and also to visualize the control. For controlling the robot, the signal is generated by the microcontroller. The generated signal is transmitted through ZIGBEE. This project addresses the need for minimum mobility constraint security system. Present day security systems are costly and require complicated installation process. Presently there are two basic types of security systems-(1)wired system and (2) wireless system. The installation of a wired system is tiresome and requires special expertise. Another drawback of the wired system is that it has motion constraints. Even though the components for the wireless system are costly they are mobile. The disadvantage of wireless system is that it is battery driven and hence requires replacement of batteries more often. The proposed system consists of a single unit which will monitor the indoor parameters and report it to the controlling pc via ZIGBEE. The signal is given to the microcontroller, which is a programmable IC, which can be programmed to control the motors according to signal from the computer. The system utilize wireless transmitter in the camera to transmit the video signal. Using temperature sensor, gas sensor, proximity sensor, sound sensor, the activities of the robot can be monitored through the computer.

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Image processing is rapidly evolving field with growing application on science and engineering. During the last two decades, image processing has grown into a subject in its own right with application spanning all areas of human endeavour, from documents to astronomy and theory utilizing all branches of mathematics. Main aim of image processing is to extract important data from images. Using this extracted information description, interpretation and understanding of the scene can be provided by the machine.

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It was recently presented that the Reluctance Synchronous Motor (RSM) is well suited for variable gear electric as well as for hybrid electric vehicles. This paper deeply investigates the capabilities of a Reluctance Synchronous Motor and proposes a multi parameter estimation scheme for Reluctance Synchronous Motor under variable-speed control. The proposed control evaluation model is fully efficient and has taken into account the estimation and compensation of voltage-source-inverter nonlinearity. The RSM will work under variable speed control, and the proposed estimation model is calculated using the recorded two sets of machine data corresponding to two sets of different rotor speeds. The proposed estimation model can be solved by using a conventional Quantum Genetic Algorithm. The drawback of adopting permanent magnets is the possible demagnetization of the magnets themselves. This can greatly limit the maximum overload capability of the motor, which is a salient requirement of a traction motor. The salient requirement of a traction motor can greatly limit the maximum overload capability of the motor. The Reluctance Synchronous Motor improves its capabilities by avoiding the use of rare-earth permanent magnets.

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Robocup is a competition for robots playing soccer in a simulated field and has been since 1997.This paper is about robotic soccer and various strategies have been focused on. The algorithms surveyed from simple strategies adapted from different domains. The team members, motion, their activities and ball movement is considered for detail analysis. The prominent challenges lay in efficient coordination methods to help win the team. A complete view of the most pertinent coordination techniques proposed that is simulated in soccer field. As learning is a necessity for the behavior to be intelligent the report presents different algorithms that is existing and has been used in robotic soccer.

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In India one of the major problem faced by the farmers is the constant efforts they have to put into their field to reduce the damage that is caused due to the growth of undesirable weed along with the crop. Due to this the production of the crop and the income of the farmers is affected. In this paper we are going to use an arduino controlled robot to spray herbicides on the weed affected area.

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In the earlier days, the food grain when finished at the field was sun dried and then kept inside the air tight underground pit and was closed within the ground with air tight lid and kept in that form for few days and month. This was to reduce the moisture content of the food grain and retain that it in that form for few days which will increase the shelf life and dis-infest. Now-a-days we are not doing so due to lack of time and patience. Now we finish the food grain at the field and send it to the whole sale market which instantly comes to the retail market and we buy back and consume ending up with lots of pulmonary disorders since the moisture content is more which is unsafe for human consumption. Therefore, heat/ thermal disinfestations of food grains can be a simple alternative. Vibro Thermal Disinfestor (VTD) is a simple electricity operated device for disinfestations of food grains. here we are increase a efficiency of Vibro Thermal Disinfestor (VTD) and reduction of heat and noise.

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The main aim of software industry is to deliver high quality software product to its end user. To ensure that the software product is of high quality, testing the software is necessary. Software testing is one of the important aspects of software development lifecycle (SDLC). Testing can be done manually as well as automated. Manual testing is done without using any tool and automated testing is done with help of testing tools. There are a number of automated testing tools are available in the software market, but it is important to choose the best tool for testing. The objective of this paper is to study the comparative analysis of automated testing tools such as Selenium, HP Quick Test professional, Test Complete, Watir, Telerik which helps the users to select an appropriate tool as per their requirements.

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Clustering is one of the most popular fields in the domain of data mining. In big data analysis, lots of computational efforts are required for clustering. Traditionally, there are several approaches have been proposed for clustering of data such as K-means. It is the most popular clustering algorithm. However, existing techniques of cluster required ‘k’ parameter in advanced which puts limit on outcomes of clusters where, ‘k’ is the input parameter assign by user or it is the “ideal” number of cluster. In existing RLClu algorithm user have to pre-assign two minimum thresholds of the local density and the minimum density-based distance. Practically, it is difficult to determine the number of clusters in advance. Therefore, efficient technique is required to detect clustering centers and also to address limitations of previous techniques.

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In this paper a two-stage channel estimation technique for high rate ultra-wideband communication system is proposed. In the preamble-stage, channel estimation is done using least square approach followed by frequency-domain smoothing operation. Channel estimated at this stage is then windowed by a rectangular window whose length is optimized by the Hannan–Quinn criteria. The channel estimated from the previous stage is further refined by applying time- and frequency-redundancy in a decision-directed manner followed by smoothing and windowing. Link level simulation shows that the two-stage method with fixed window size provides a good estimation performance close to that of the minimum-mean-square-estimation (MMSE) scheme with significant reduction in computational cost.

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Construction projects are unique in character and do not lend themselves to standardization. The construction project of dynamic nature, with many seasonal and cyclical ups and downs. Hence, each construction project requires a lot of care in handling. Also, construction activity consists a number of agencies i.e. the client, consultant and the contractor. In order to establish the duties, obligations, rights, responsibilities among the various agencies, a contract is required to be made between them which will establish a mutual relationship to do a work. The growth of the construction sector in India has been relatively slow compared with the industrial and manufacturing sectors. The energy shortage, an inadequate transportation network, and an insufficient water supply system have caused a bottleneck in the country’s economic growth. In adequate transport infrastructure has been recognized as an impediment to the industrial and economic progress of any country. Governments worldwide invariably must cope with the widening gap between needed investments and available budgetary resources. They increasingly attempt to involve the private sector in the financing, design, construction, and operation of major infrastructure projects, with a view to exploit the private initiatives to implement public projects. There are tremendous opportunities for foreign investors. However, undertaking infrastructure business in India involves many risks and problems that are mainly due to differences in legal systems, market conditions and culture. An infrastructure development project, due to its very nature, is more prone to risks than ordinary industrial projects. Risks, consequently, have the ability to adversely affect the implementation of an infrastructure project and make it completely unviable. A crucial aspect of a successful infrastructure project development and project finance transaction is, therefore, the suitable identification, allocation and management of risks.

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Different natural phenomena such as haze, fog, mist, rain etc. can reduce the quality of images and diminish the visibility. During these conditions, captured image have degraded contrast. when we apply current image processing applications to these images, it become very sensitive and error prone. This paper is an efficient single-image enhancement algorithm for day time fog detection. It uses two concept for obtaining fog free images: one is the detection of fog with minimum entropy and other is the contrast restoration using exponential function. This paper is a mathematical model for computing atmospheric veil by taking variation of fog density with respect to distance. By using these methods, we are able to obtain the superior reconstruction of original fog free images. This mathematical model is more suitable for contrast restoration in both homogeneous and heterogeneous fog conditions in real time for both color and grey scale images.

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As all know the fuel price is especially the petrol is rising staidly day by day. Again pollution due to vehicles in metro cites at urban areas is increasing continuously to overcome this problems, the effort is made to search some other alternative sources energy for the vehicles again, it is also not affordable to purchase vehicles like mopeds, scooter or motor cycle. Keeping this in mind, a search for some way to cater these economically poor people as well as to provide a solution for the environmental pollution was in progress. The Solar bicycle developed is driven by DC motor feed in front or rear axle housing and operated by solar energy. The solar panels mounted on the carriage will charge the battery & which in turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle, the solar panel will charge the battery. This arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box & the fuel tank in case of a two wheeler or a chain sprocket, chain & gear shifting arrangement of a conventional bicycle being used by most common man.

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Image processing is processing of images using mathematical operations for which the input can be an image, a series of images, or a video and the output may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Inpainting is the process of removing particular areas and filling those missing areas. It is an art of reconstructing the missing regions of an image in order to make it more legible and to restore its unity. There are several inpainting methods. In ancient times, Image inpainting was done manually for removing defect from paintings and photographs. It is an ancient art and is a research topic in image processing. It rejuvenates the corrupted and the lost data in an undetectable manner. Here in this study, we have reviewed on some latest inpainting and super resolution techniques and tried to derive a mechanism for inpainting by combining early inpainting methods and super resolution methods. It finds numerous applications such as glaucoma detection, restoration of old damaged films.

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In India the emergency medical response are lagging behind the other countries. This is due to the lack of technology implementation at ground zero. For this we are introducing smart ambulance system using IoT for addressing this issue. It would help India to competitive position in emergency services around the globe. Over the last few years there is a revolutionary development in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). It can be used widely in large number of system where a large amount of data can be accessed and processed easily. IoT and smartphone technologies helps in building a platform for serving every smartphone user. The efficiently managed ambulance services in the areas will fulfill this need and will bridge the existing gap. The ambulance going along the path that time all possible medical data of patient will send to doctors. This is done by upgrading technology called Internet of Things. IoT means that the components are connected to the internet and those components can be controlled via internet from other places. This IoT has significance since the object that represents itself digitally making itself something greater than the object by itself. To overcome the drawback of existing system, we have to implement the new system in which there all basic body test report will send to hospital. The expectation is that around 50 to 100 billion things will be connected to internet in next ten years and we are now experiencing paradigm shift where in which the objects we use every day have become interconnected and smart. On a broader scale the IoT is applied to things for reducing waste and increase the efficiency of the things by reducing the energy usage. The scenario is operated by intelligent ambulance. The tele medical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters, e.g. Heart rate, pulse oximetry, temperature and humidity. The proposed system presents a personal healthcare system which is both flexible and scalable.

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The importance of various forms of heat treatment operations on alloy steel in order to forester the problem that may arise in making a wrong choice of these steel materials, which may give rise to serious disruption in terms of human safety, higher cost and ultimately failure of the rails. This paper reports investigation made on effects of heat treatment on the micro-structural and mechanical property of alloy steel. The method of a steel rail includes, heating of steel to austenziation temperature them cooling the rail by hot water jet until a surface temperature not below 4200C and finally cooling the rail by an air jet at least to pearlite transformation temperature, thereby transforming the structure of a surface portion of the rail head into a uniform and fine pearlite structure. Conclusion of this paper is that heat treatment increases the service life of rails and various properties of alloy steel.

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The present paper deals with advanced public transport system. A conventional bus fare system is one that requires urgent up gradation and the system has to convenient for both the passengers and the bus personals. It proposes to have a smart card reader at the predefined entry and exit of the buses and the passengers are given smart cards. The passengers can pay the amount at a predefined place anytime and his card can be recharged depending upon the amount paid. A passenger is allowed inside after he inserts the card at the entry point and also there is a sufficient minimum balance at his card. Immediately the system notifies the passenger number from the card and makes a data entry. Further there is a GPS that keeps track of the distance traveled by the bus. This system gives data to the exit microcontroller that houses a smart card reader. At the exit point it reads the data from the smart card reader and the amount is deducted depending upon the distance traveled by the passenger. At the same time text message regarding travelled distance and total fare deducted is send to passenger through GSM module.

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there are several types of method available to control Induction motor in industries. To observe the steady state equivalent circuit model of an induction motor to implant the equation that aver the use of a constant V/f speed control of close loop and open loop control. The main purpose is to sustain the speed at fixed reference. Six step voltage source inverter (VSI) used to drive motor in open loop control. In this paper, six step generator generated variable frequency signals which fed to motor. Here, constant V/f ratio is maintained in order to get torque constant over the full operating range. To scrutinize the open loop control systems for supervisory induction machine, several outcome obtained at altered V/f ratio. By modification in V/f ratio in open loop approach speed ruling of three phase induction motor drive can be upgraded. For more enhancement in speed regulation, slip regulation is used in closed loop speed control. The slip is supplementary to the response speed signal to the frequency command. Various outcome are gained when modification in V/f ratio in close loop method. The work of this paper is to study, evaluation and comparison of Various V/f control technique applied to the induction motor drive through simulations. Simulation result shows that if open loop configuration, the effect of change in V/f ratio improves speed regulation and there is no remarkable effect in closed loop configuration. Open loop V/f control technique is simple and easy to implement. However if closed loop V/f control technique is adopted there is no change the V/f ratio as it not helps to obtain better result.

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Thousands of people worldwide are suffering from syndromes like “Locked-in Syndrome” and “Akinetic Mutism” rendering them disabled and dependent on others for each and every things in their lives. Additionally many are amputated due to injuries and lose their capabilities to move.They are mostly bed-ridden and have to be moved around in a wheelchair, always accompanied by atleast a person. Some might lose their capabilities to communicate and are only able to move their eyes. Brain- machine interface has been considered a salvation for such individuals. Considerable research has been done in this field both by private and government funded research centers. When we think or express emotions or any other feelings, the neurons are fired and this is captured from the scalp by EEG method using Brain Sensor. Each emotion has its own characteristic potential and it is used to differentiate between them. The output from EEG can be manipulated/processed to provide discreet set of values for each emotion/state of mind. The values are used to control machines and building a working Brain-Machine interface.

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Urban sprawl is an issue that has allocated many discussions to itself in academic, policy making and executive departments. Although sprawl is an American phenomena but it should be indicated that it is different by environmental, economic, social and political situations. Cities can be thought of as the absence of physical space between people and firms. As such, they exist to eliminate transportation costs for goods, people and transportation technologies dictate urban form. In the 21 century, urban growth has not been adopted with residents needs and as a result of this process, many lands have been utilized for construction. Urban sprawl is characterized by an unplanned and uneven pattern of growth driven by multitude of processes and leading to inefficient resource utilization. So, it is criticized for causing environmental degradation and intensifying segregation and undermining the vitality of existing urban areas and attacked on aesthetic grounds. The causes that force growth in urban areas are essentially important for analysis of urban growth. The paper is a modest attempt to discuss the results of sprawl by precise cognition of characteristics as well as causes responsible for undesirable pattern and also to analyze the impact of sprawl on environment. Although it is impossible to restrict sprawl, the paper introduces appropriate policies to control this uneven development.

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An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is one of the major tasks of NLP (Natural Language Processing). Sentiment analysis has gained much attention in recent years. In this paper, we aim to tackle the problem of sentiment polarity categorization, which is one of the fundamental problems of sentiment analysis. A general process for sentiment polarity categorization is proposed with detailed process descriptions.

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These works present the simulation and modeling of the IEEE 802.11 standards to improve the Quality of service. EDCF protocol to analyze and evaluate the performance of VOIP that based on wireless LAN by using encoding scheme G.711. The simulation modeling was simulated by OPNET software 17.5. Different parameters which represent the QoS like Media Access Delay, Load, Network Load, Data dropped (Retry Threshold Exceeded),Data Dropped (Buffer Overflow) are calculated and analyze as well as compared wlan jammer and wlan without jammer in Wireless LAN. Jammer which jams the signals and interferences.

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Induction motor are geographically spread and with the aid of Internet, it is possible to collect appropriate information from these motor to a central node for diagnostic purposes under the supervision of high voltage engineering experts. The aim of this paper is to show the main problems related to induction motor and to review mitigation methods for the monitoring and diagnosis of induction motor. Monitoring of ac motor is necessary for operating efficiently. There are many undesirable things In the present scenario induction motor plays an vital role in industrial and domestic application. The change in parameter such as voltage, current, temperature and frequency may effect the performance of induction motor. which may lead to the decrease the efficiency of induction motor . In view of this, the monitoring of such parameter are very essential. Since their project review that to detect and monitor the fault by microcontroller and which can be displayed by display unit.

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