Most of the infrastructure projects in India run into trouble due to managerial factors rather than technical problems. The negligence in the overall management strategies not only affects the project time and cost but also to the community and the surrounding environment. Construction of large infrastructure project like Metro Rail Project is of prolonged duration of 10-15 years in an upcoming metro city. We all know that these projects are for social welfare through providing public transport facilities but for such a long tenure of actual execution work on roads, we totally neglect about systematic management strategies not to cause inconvenience to the commuters around. In this research paper we are going to analyze the freeway and arterial road congestion and the out turns of execution work to the surrounding society experiencing actual site conditions. Traffic characteristics and the standards designed will support this research work. Hence as a duty of civil engineer, suggesting some traffic diversion strategies as well as following some other useful norms can help to curtail the current trouble faced.

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Data hiding is the key factor in secure communication today, Because of duplication and data manipulation. With the help of data hiding, that we can make our personal and important data will ensure against activities without authentication. Due to the availability of low-cost editing tools, any user can easily copy, modify, and retransmit digital data over the network. It could also cause a social disorder if digital media content, such as confidential government documents, court evidence or other important information, is maliciously manipulated. To effectively support the growth of multimedia communications, it is essential to develop tools that protect and authenticate digital information. Steganography, watermarking and cryptography of such types of methods are used to hide data in secret communications. In this proposed work use a lossless data hiding technique using watermarking and steganography together, so that achieve high security that provides a higher level of security and authentication of data without loss. Combination of watermarking and steganography techniques used to get multiple layers for hiding personal information. With the help of watermarking algorithm we are embedding the user personal information within the image. The embedding and detection method of the watermark technique used the DWT transformation. Watermarked image and secret image hide within the original cover image through steganography. The most Common use of steganography is to hide a file in another file. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method is used to obtain frequency domain analysis of the image.

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As we tend to all apprehend that our planet earth is in solar system that is at intervals a galaxy referred to as "Milky Way". Our solar system includes sun and its eight planets that are believed to own been developed as result of condensation of gases and Mars seems ruby red from earth as result of presence of iron oxides. Its skinny atmosphere comprise of nitrogen and argon. Mars movement among and seasonal cycles among are likewise almost like those of the planet. Of all the planets in our solar system, mars are possibly apart from earth to harbour liquid water. Radius of mars is 0.53 times of earth .its rotation time is 24.6 hours and revolution period is 687 days. A significant step in space exploration throughout the twenty first century is human settlement on mars. While thinking about human settlement on mars question arises in mind which construction material will be good and economical, Rather than transporting all the construction material from earth to the mars with improbably high price exploitation. So in this paper we have explained various construction materials and have compare their effect on earth and mars and also have tried also tried to explain which of them will show good effect with Martian soil and surface. Thus reviewing all the construction materials we have tried to conclude and explain which material will be good on mars and why it will be so.

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Clustering is a technique of grouping similar data objects in one group and dissimilar data objects in other group. Clustering or data grouping is the key technique of the data mining. It is an unsupervised learning task where one seeks to identify a finite set of categories termed clusters to describe the data. Grouping of data into clusters aims to maximize the intra class similarity and also minimize the inter class similarity. The clustering techniques can be categorized into partitioning methods, hierarchical methods, density-based methods and grid-based methods. This paper aims to provide a brief overview and complexities of various clustering algorithms.

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The most commonly used transportation is roadways. There are many vehicles passing day and night on roads. Since many are using the same way of transport, there is a risk of accidents everywhere. To safeguard the human's life from danger, the ambulance should be provided with a free path. Since the existing speed breaker system is not rotating, we have to slow down the speed of the ambulance near the speed breaker. It will not provide an easy path for the vehicle like the ambulance. It leads to delay in reaching the hospitals. The flat speed breaker system provides the brakeless path for the ambulance. This system consists of RF receiver and transmitter. The receiver receives the signal from the transmitter and makes the motor to rotate 180 degrees so that the flat path is formed for the ambulance and return back to normal position. Thus, the ambulance can reach the hospital very soon.

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These work carried out in the field of fluid flow and heat transfer through wavy and corrugated channel. Using computation CFD software namely ANSYS Fluent to solving the governing equation. The corrugated and wavy surface is mainly used in compact heat exchanger where advantage of different surface texture has been undertaken in order to enhance the thermal performance of the system. A CFD simulation have been performed for highly Turbulent flow and influence of surface texture has been visualized. The result clearly shows that the three channel straight, wavy, and corrugated, thermal performance and also shows the comparison between them, the wavy has better thermal performance.

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The main aim of this project is to develop a natural free ranging rearing system for chicken with automatic feeding and watering system. In the existing system the chickens are grown in a confined area in an artificial manner. We are proposing a movable on field coop, by which chickens are be reared naturally in open field and secured from predators using an enclosure. Pests and weeds in the field are controlled naturally by chickens rather than by using pesticides separately. Also the natural waste from the chickens goes as manure to the agricultural field which eliminates the need of using artificial pesticides and fertilizers to the field. Chicken manure is rich in nitrogen. Nitrogen is vital nutrient need for tree growth. The amount of feed needed for the chicken reduces eventually. The soil is naturally tilted by chickens and manure is directly applied to trees. In addition to this, automatic feeding and watering to the chickens is done without the use of electric power. After two days the chicken tractor is moved on to a new area, by this weed and pest control over entire field can be achieved. Having more number of similar system people can get natural protein rich food and it will increase the income of farmers.

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In existing security system there is authentication at user level user id & password submitted by user is verified at login process end if user id & password exist then user would be able to access system. But some smart user usually uses SQL injection in order to violate security of database using wild character of SQL. They sometime use SQL statement too in order to get login process confused. They pass sub query of SQL in password field instead of password in order to get confirmation. Here we have to develop a secure system for authentication access & apply SQL INJECTION attack to check its security.

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The conversion, utilization and recovery of energy in every industrial, commercial and domestic application involve a heat exchanger process some common example are steam generation and condensation in power and co-generation plants, sensible heating and cooling of viscous media in thermal processing of chemical, pharmaceutical and agricultural products, refrigerant evaporation and condensation in air conditioning and refrigeration gas flow heating in manufacturing and waste heat recovery air and liquid cooling of engine of electrical machine and electronic devices. improved heat exchange of standard practice can significantly improve the thermal efficiency in such application as well as the economically of their design and operation. Double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) is one of the most simple and application heat exchanger. This kind of heat exchanger is widely used in chemical food oil and gas industries. Double pipe heat exchanger is having a relatively small diameter and it is easy to fabricate as compare to helical tube and many more compact tube of heat exchanger. Commonly method used by the reaches to enhance the heat flow rate is active method, passive method and compound method and present work is based on passive method. In the present work experiment is carried out on plane double pipe heat exchanger and corrugated tube double pipe heat exchanger in which hot water is flowing though inner tube where cold water is flowing though the annulus and hot water to cold water heat exchange is taken in consideration. During the experiment cold water flow rate is kept constant at 45 LPH, where as hot water flow rate varies from 15 LPH to 75 LPH in all two cases........

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Mostly Users select the common passwords which is easy to guess and remember. Passwords are stored in the database in the form of cryptographic hash function and it's fully protected. There are many password cracking tools available which can easily crack these passwords when the passwords are weak. Weak passwords are not just the problem for hashing but also affect the security in Password-Based Encryption scheme where the message is encrypted through password. In this review paper we have studied Honey Encryption (HE) which is a new encryption scheme that provides flexibility and fix all the fails of AES against brute force attacks by ensuring that messages decrypted with invalid keys produce a valid-looking fake keys.

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The design of secure authentication protocols is reasonably tough, considering that varied types of root kits reside in Personal Computers (PCs) to appear at user's behaviour and to form PCs untrusted devices. Involving human in authentication protocols, whereas promising, is not easy due to their restricted capability of computation and learning. Therefore, wishing on users to spice up security basically degrades the usability. On the alternative hand, quiet assumptions and rigorous security vogue to boost the user experience can end in security breaches which is able to hurt the users’ trust. Throughout this paper, we've got an inclination to demonstrate but careful image vogue can enhance not entirely the protection but together the usability of authentication. To that end, we've got an inclination to propose a pair of visual authentication protocols: one could also be a one-time-password protocol, and additionally the choice could also be a password-based authentication protocol. Through rigorous analysis, we've got an inclination to verify that our protocols unit of measurement proof against many of the tough authentication attacks applicable among the literature. What's additional, exploitation AN intensive case study on a model of our protocols, we've got an inclination to spotlight the potential of our approach for real world deployment: we've got an inclination to be ready to deliver the products a high level of usability whereas satisfying tight security wants.

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The modern world is experiencing a rapid increase in the growth rate of urban areas. Cities need to be more advance than ever to maintain the Quality of Life and the Quality of Services to the citizens. In this project, a three layered implementation model for smart city has been presented. Furthermore, a brief overview of smart city applications that is smart garbage collection, Solid Waste Management (SWM) and road network has been given. The smart city concept is a recent phenomenon that seems to be drawing so much attention from both academia and industry. With a rapid and alarming influx of migrants into urban areas the service delivery, traffic congestion to and from the city, Garbage Collection and Solid Waste Management has become a burning issue for both city managers and management. We are proposing the system which will help us to promote smart city concept. The proposed system is the first system in which user is also included. This system consists of User, Administrator, Contractor and news reporter or media. User will capture the image of issues (Garbage collection, Solid Waste and Issues related to road). After capturing image user will share that image with the Administrator. Administrator will take action on that issue that is tells contractor to resolve the issue. Contractor will send response to Administrator about the work done and that response will be sent to user by administrator. If Administrator doesn't send response in particular day's user will send information of issue to media. The proposed system is useful for promoting smart city concept.

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Different from the traditional embedded gadget or the real-time system, Cyber-Physical System (CPS) integrates computation with physical entities, making it smooth for humans to engage with the world that we stay. With the improvement of CPS, extra gadgets may be incorporated into the internet, specifically in the discipline of Environment Monitoring. Thus, the control and far off manage of gadgets motive issues for CPSs. Towards this end, we broaden a CPS via featuring a scalable, bendy structure in Environment tracking. The environment monitoring machine (EMS) includes 3 layers: bodily sensing layer, data delivery layer, records management layer. Generally, sensors and sensor hub which collects sensor information and transfer them to the upper layer make up of physical sensing layer. And the principle characteristic for records transport layer is to forward sensor records to the specified vacation spot. The ultimate layer is within the cloud, composed of a statistics processor and a understanding base. Data from bodily sensing layer can be analyzed because of the robust computation capacity of cloud computing.

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In the recent trends of the healthcare industry, data mining techniques play a significant role in prediction and diagnosis of the diseases. Generally, healthcare organizations generate and collect a large volume of data in patient details. So the increment of data volume automatically requires the data to be retrieved when the person needed. Usually, there are large numbers of data mining applications are found in the healthcare industry, such as medical device management systems, the pharmaceutical industry, and Hospital information management systems. The main purpose of the data mining applications in the healthcare industry is to find the useful and hidden knowledge from the database. This paper provides a detailed review of different data mining applications in the healthcare industry and to reduce the complexity of the study of the healthcare data transactions. This paper also gives a detailed comparative analysis of various data mining techniques which are concerned for extracting knowledge from the databases generate in the healthcare industry.

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Road transportation plays necessary role within the move, good transportation, varied import and export sectors. But, these days there is a vast rush within the toll plazas so as to pay the toll tax. thus so as to reduce the hold up and to save lots of time conjointly to cut back the economical loss of India upto three hundred large integer rupees per annum, we are able to style the advance toll assortment system that accommodates automation in toll tax payment victimization RFID. The system can build the automation of piece of ground victimization combination of small controller, RFID, Load cell technology. The implantation of automation in piece of ground that could be a step towards rising the watching of vehicles, move in predetermine routes. The aim of our thought is to style a system, that mechanically identifies the approaching vehicles and record vehicles data that includes vehicle number, current time, owner’s information. If the vehicle is permitted, then the system mechanically opens the toll gate and bill of planned amount can mechanically fetch on house owners Web application. This translate to cut back holdup at toll plazas and helps in lower fuel consumption, scale back transportation time.

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