There is an urgent need for improving security in banking region. With the advent of ATM though banking became a lot easier it even became a lot vulnerable. The chances of misuse of this much hyped 'insecure' baby product (ATM) are manifold due to the exponential growth of 'intelligent' criminals day by day. ATM systems today use no more than an access card and PIN for identity verification. This situation is unfortunate since tremendous progress has been made in biometric identification techniques, including finger printing, retina scanning, and facial recognition. This paper proposes the development of a system that integrates facial recognition technology into the identity verification process used in ATMs. The development of such a system would serve to protect consumers and financial institutions alike from fraud and other breaches of security.

Read More...

Digital microprocessor based protective relays that makes use of negative sequence current magnitude as well as phase difference between the primary and secondary side of the transformer are used for protection purpose. By making use of the information obtained from this data it becomes possible to detect turn-to-turn fault in transformers. However, this method involves the use of current based data for fault detection which becomes insensitive when no current flows through any one of the windings of the transformer. Such situation occurs during transformer energization during which current flows only in primary winding and no current-flow is observed in the secondary winding. Thus, the current based algorithm has some limitations and hence this paper presents development of voltage based algorithm so as to cope up with conditions of no-current flow. In voltage based algorithm, magnitude and phase angle information of voltages on both the sides of the transformer is used to detect the turn-to-turn fault during the condition of no-current flow and it is used in conjunction with the negative sequence current based algorithm which improves the reliability of the relay operating system.

Read More...

The usage of cementitious materials is getting more and more intense with the advanced development in infrastructure area. In order to reduce usage of cement in concrete, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) can be used as the replacement material [1]. GGBS is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam to produce a glassy, a granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. The effects of various percentages of GGBS (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 & 40) were investigated. The fresh and hardened properties of GGBS concrete is then compared with Normal Concrete (M35). GGBS Concrete with 5% Replacement results in higher strength.

Read More...

Image compression is a key technology in transmission and storage of digital images because of vast data associated with them. This research suggests a new image compression scheme with pruning proposal based on discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). The effectiveness of the algorithm has been justified over some real images, and the performance of the algorithm has been compared with other common compression standards. The algorithm has been implemented using Visual C++ and tested on a Pentium Core 2 Duo 2.1 GHz PC with 1 GB RAM. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique provides sufficient high compression ratios compared to other compression techniques.

Read More...

Voltage sag is a common and undesirable power quality phenomenon in the distribution systems which put sensitive loads under the risk. An effective solution to mitigate this phenomenon is to use dynamic voltage restorers and consequently, protect sensitive loads. Four basics compensation methods were proposed in the research community to eliminate the voltage sags and minimize the voltage disturbances at load side. This paper provides a review of those voltage compensation strategies with detailed discussions and comparisons to highlight their advantages and disadvantages. This paper describes the performance and efficiency of interline dynamic voltage restorer (IDVR) depends upon the control technique. Control technique plays a very important role in DVR. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and sinusoidal pulse width modulation are two distinct control technique have been presented in this paper depending upon the performance and characteristics. Among these two techniques SVPWM finds the most effective technique because of easier digital realization and reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) created by rapid switching inherent to these algorithm. The approach of this paper to the implementation of SVPWM and SPWM in IDVR and these methods investigated through the computer simulation by using MATLAB software.

Read More...

Microblogging is becoming people's most attractive choice for getting the information and expressing opinions because of the developing universality and small frame. Messages got by a user mainly rely on whom user follows. Therefore, recommending user with related interest may enhance the experience quality for information receiving. Since messages posted by Microblogging users reflect their hobbies or interest and the important keywords in the messages show their primary focus to a huge extent, we can find users' interest by investigating the user generated contents. Besides, user's hobbies, interest are not static; despite what might be required, they change as time changes. In light of such instincts, we proposed a LDA model in microblogging system for friend recommendation to analyze user's possible behavior’s and predict their potential friends in Microblogging. The model takes into users’ potential preferences by extracting keywords from aggregated messages over a period of time using a topic model, and after that, the effect of time is considered to deal interest.

Read More...

Today, the transmission of information takes place mainly through digital images and videos, but the images obtained after transmission is often corrupted with noise. It is necessary to clean or denoise the received image for its further use. In this work a new image denoising algorithm by using a non-parametric statistical model of wavelet coefficient is presented. The proposed non-parametric statistical model is more suitable than conventional models to formulate the marginal distribution of wavelet coefficients, which exploits MAP estimation-based image denoising algorithm, which further exploits the proposed non-parametric model as the prior image model.

Read More...

Being one of most destructive disasters, earthquake causes an adverse effect on human, properties and life on earth in various ways. These devastating effects of earthquake are needed to be control on a very serious note. Keeping the modern techniques apart which are well documented in codes of practice, there are some other earthquake resistance techniques which have proved to be effective for resisting earthquake loading and are cost effective with easy constructability as well. In this paper we have discuss the methods of prevent the earthquake and solution which can be applied in order to overcome these effects and to strengthen the structure elements are also explain. The retrofitting, jacketing and shear wall method are explained. The present paper deals with the base isolation and seismic damper methods. The paper explained the frames which help in resisting earthquake as well.

Read More...

This paper to establish a model of photovoltaic system with MPPT function and algorithm. This system is developed by combining the models of established solar module and DC-DC buck-boost converter with the algorithms of perturbation and observation P&O. The system is simulated under different climate conditions and MPPT algorithms. According to the comparisons of the simulation results, it can be observed that the photovoltaic simulation system can track the maximum power accurately using the MPPT algorithms discussed in this paper. P&Q MPPT algorithm possesses fast dynamic response and well regulated PV output voltage. This paper aims to presents the design and development of a photovoltaic system based on the enhanced P&O algorithm that allows improving efficiency, stability and accuracy of solar systems.

Read More...

With the growing of demand of electrical power, the distribution system is increasing ceaselessly. This ends up in the high level of short-circuit currents. Therefore, the electrical cost like devices, installation, operation and maintenance will increase step by step. Moreover, the high level of short current becomes the intense downside. It’s going to injury the electrical devices or impact on operation. Continuity of power offer systems is extremely low as a result of operations of protecting devices underneath faulted conditions. Mechanical circuit breakers in power distribution systems provides a safe handling of short-circuits underneath restricted short-circuit power of the grid. Victimization delayed turn-off times; the circuit breakers will be coordinated with another protecting instrumentation. Hence, a high availableness of the grid will be expected. However, once the short event happens in an exceedingly medium-voltage distribution feeder, voltages on the path area unit suddenly sagged. Sensitive hundreds like computers or electronic-control instrumentation can fail even though the voltage returns among a number of seconds. A solid-state fuse is in a position to modify at terribly high speed as quick as voltage or current sensing devices will response to the faulty signal. This methodology proposes detail of formulating solid-state breakers (SSB) in electrical power distribution systems by victimization GUI-based surroundings of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Utilization of MATLAB computer code simplifies downside resolution complexness and conjointly reduces operating time. During this methodology, a 22-kV power distribution feeder with a load having the SSB for defense is placed. A thyristor-based fuse is shapely. Detail of the facility circuit and its firing management half is incontestable in graphical diagrams victimization parts of the MATLAB’s power System Blockset (PSB). Take a look at against a fault condition to verify its use is meted out. The results show that, with a moderate sensing technique to observe voltage and current of the protected feeder, the SSB will interrupt fault outright.

Read More...

Buildings, as we all can rightly agree to, are the measuring blocks for any development. The Development of any country largely depends upon the building of structures. From modifying the conventional buildings, the trend has now wholly shifted to a whole new concept of Green Buildings. Green building, refers to both the structure and the process involved that are environmentally accountable and amenity efficient throughout the lifestyle of the building. For the past more than half-a-century, many researchers and scholars have done the research for the development and improvement of green building construction and related technologies around the globe. Considering the environmental conditions, India has become the world second largest emitter of greenhouse gases. The initial economic consumption of a green building may seem to be a matter of concern for some, but for a long run loop, say for after 50 years, it would prove to be most economically efficient building involving all the ecological measures. The study consummates that as much as 40-50% energy saving is possible in green buildings. This paper deliberates about the aspect of energy efficient buildings, i.e. Green Buildings in India's aspect to diminish energy usage besides climate changes over greenhouse gases. Finally, the author would emphasise on the necessity of Green Buildings.

Read More...

Soil stabilization is the methods of improvement of the engineering property of the soil and thus making more stable. Soil is not suitable for construction purpose. In its broadest Sense, stabilization includes compaction, preconsolidation, drainage and many other such processes. Soil stabilization is generally restricted to the processes which alter the soil material itself for improvement of its properties. The construction work is needed for all time low cost material and environment sociable and suitable for construction work. Road are such as important key of connectivity in India and Highway Roads are always a need low cost material and maintenance free roads. Due to smaller availability of fund use of waste material from industries and agricultural fields is much in use. This practically work in brief describes the use of locally available waste plastic in soil stabilization. Stabilization of soil using plastic waste strips is an economically and easy methods to dispose the plastic waste. Due to increase of population and urbanization and also increase the production of plastics material but recycling of these plastics is a smaller amount compared to its production. In present work the plastics is made in to strips mixed with black cotton soil is studied carrying different test on black cotton soil. The plastics strips are added by different proportion by dry weight (1.0% to 5 %) of the soil. The soil sample used is clay which requires to be strengthened due to presence of high plasticity, this soil sample is strengthened by using varying proportion of plastic. Various tests were conducted to analyze the effect of plastic strips on optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio. From the results increase the maximum dry density and decrease the optimum moisture content, Along with increase in unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio, from the observations it can be seen that 3% of plastic strips results in maximum improvement in desired soil properties. Due to its low cost and effectiveness in increasing the California bearing ratio of soil this method of soil stabilization is strongly recommended In this practical work the increase the strength and CBR value of added a plastic strips. These methods are useful for different pavement and most usefully for village road and also reduced pavement thickness of the road.

Read More...

Solar distillation is a simple experiment of converting saline water into pure potable water. Since solar energy is a low price option, heat source from the sun is used for purification in the present work. In solar distillation, water is evaporated using the irradiation from the sun and then the evaporated water vapour is allowed to condensate as distilled water. This process eliminates salts and other impurities. In the work, double slope single basin solar still has been fabricated using the cheaply available material. In this solar still aluminium is used as a basin material. Aluminium is used because it has good thermal conductivity of 205 w/mk. An extensive study was made to evaluate the effect of water depth in the basin on the productivity of the stills. The results clearly states that the productivity of the system is inversely proportional to the water depth in the basin.

Read More...

Denial of service attack is one of the major problems faced by the internet today. According to the existing internet architecture, any host can disrupt legitimate traffic by flooding a link between any other hosts. When the traffic send through a link becomes more than the bandwidth of the link, then the router will drop the excess traffic it receives, as the forward link is filled with traffic. As a result, the legitimate traffic may be dropped and in turn the valid user will not be able to access the server and make avail its service. This paper explains the mechanism which is used to mitigate the flooding attacks in the internet. The sender before sending data to the receiver has to obtain the permission to send, from the receiver. This permission is called as capability. Once the permission is obtained, the sender attaches the capability to the data it sends. The routers will check the validity of the capability and the amount of data allowed in a particular time, which will be mentioned in the capability. The routers will process the packet and the check whether the packets are valid or not according to the information available in capability. If the packets are valid the router will forward otherwise will discard the packet. We introduce this mechanism in inter ISP, with one ISP acting as centralized control. When a router in an ISP detects an attack, it will send alert message to the centralized ISP. When the centralized ISP receives the same alert message from different ISP, it will conclude that distributed denial of service attack has occurred. The centralize ISP, then send control messages to other ISPs about the attack and the victim and also inform to reduce the data rate to that victim. Thus, this method will provide a better way to limit denial of service attack and thereby also limit distributed denial of service attack.

Read More...

Steel-Concrete composite constructions are nowadays very popular owing to their advantages over conventional Concrete and Steel constructions. Concrete structures are bulky and impart more seismic weight and less deflection whereas Steel structures instruct more deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake forces. Composite Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete along with lesser cost, speedy construction, fire protection etc. Hence, the aim of the present study is to compare Structural Parameters and cost of (G+12) storey RCC, Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite building frame situated in earthquake zone III. All frames are designed for same gravity loadings. Equivalent static method and Response Spectrum method are used. A 3D Modelling and analysis of the structures are carried out with the help of ETAB 2015 software and results are compared. The result is compare in terms of natural period, frequency, story displacement, story drift, story shear, story moment, story stiffness, bending moment, shear force and axial force for all three models. Cost effectiveness is only based on material cost for all types of building frames are determined.

Read More...

Many attempts have been made to incorporate wastes into production of building material. It is a practical solution to reduce cost expenditure on waste management and its effects on environment. The sewage treatment process as well as many industries which using effluent treatment plant generates a sludge, that must be disposed in environmentally sound manner among all disposal options. The use of sludge in producing constructional elements is considered to be the most economic and environmentally sound option. Advancing solid waste management results in alternative construction material like, brick, block, aggregate and cement to safe guard environment. This study reviews various attempts that have been made to use sludge from different plants in construction industry.

Read More...

Forging process commonly used in industry and affected by the process defects like folds or laps, unfelling, cracks size variations prevalent in forging process. The Suspension arm are made by different material. The significant parameters such as stock size, cut length, cut weight, billet temperature. Forging defects of suspension Arm under different manufacturing condition successfully analysed by different total length of job and weight of job, rolled cross section job temperature of job.

Read More...

The deep foundations are generally preferred when heavy structural loads have to be transferred through weak sub soils which have low bearing capacity. Generation of excessive stresses may cause failure of foundations but it is mainly caused by excessive displacement and this results in the failure of structure. In this paper vertical settlement is estimated in three different foundations in sandy and clayey soil. Three different models, in which four storied framed structure rests on column footing, single under-reamed friction pile and single under-reamed friction pile with square footing are taken and vertical displacement is estimated on the basis of dead load and live load of the structure. 3D finite element software ANSYS Workbench is used for the modelling and analysis. The aim of this research is to identify the enhancement in the performance of pile foundation by adding a shallow trapezoidal footing along with the single under-reamed friction pile in loose soil strata in static condition. It is observed that the single under-reamed pile which have footing with it has lower vertical settlement as compared to the pile without footing.

Read More...

As we know, there are three basic AC Circuits namely purely resistive A.C. circuits, purely inductive & purely capacitive A.C. circuits having different properties along with their voltage equations current equations, circuit diagram, waveform & phase diagram. Here in this paper three mentioned circuits with their appropriate description have been explained. This Paper will be useful for those who need to know about these basic A.C. circuits.

Read More...

The Shape memory alloys (SMA's) are having the ability to remember the original shape and can retain to their previous shape or size when subjected to certain stimulus like thermo-mechanical variations. The researchers have been showing their attention and interest in this new alloy SMA from few years back. And has found this field has a broad range of commercial applications, because of their unique properties. This unique property of smart materials attracts researchers to do work on it and motivates them to find new innovations. Basically in this work author tries to describe various applications developed in the past researches and its associated limitations.

Read More...

"A Fine Tuned Data Access Using ABE" mainly focuses on securing the access of file data for the authorized personnel within a group or within an organization. Its secured access of data can be achieved through one of the concepts of ABE. Since there is a huge amount of data being transferred within an organization, securing the data is very important to avoid misuse of data by an unauthorized person.

Read More...

In recent times, Computer Systems, Mobile devices as well as Internet connectivity have become an indispensable necessity of our daily routine. With the growing use of computer systems, cyber platforms and digital media by individuals and organizations, it is quite common to store important business related documents, company records and personal information in the hard drives or other digital medias (ie. External hard drives, pen drives etc.). On one hand, digital storage of transaction records and information provides us with greater ease of access, revision and manipulation of the information but on the other hand it poses serious threat to the information if a strong security framework is not in place or common security practices are not followed by the user. Figure 1 presents the number of internet users across the globe as per the data from www.internetworldstats.com [1]. Recent attacks of Wannacry, Petya, BadRabbit, DoubleLocker android and NotPetya ransomware brought the attention of the global community towards the rising threat of cyber extortion through the utilisation of ransomwares.

Read More...

Period of time abnormal driving behaviors observance could be a corner stone to improving driving safety. Existing works on driving behaviors observance using smart phones only offer a coarse-grained result, i.e. distinctive abnormal driving behaviors from traditional ones. to enhance drivers awareness of their driving habits thus as to stop potential car accidents, we need to think about a fine grained observance approach, that not only detects abnormal driving behaviors but also identifies specific forms of abnormal driving behaviors, i.e. Weaving, Swerving, side slipping, quick reverse, Turning with a large radius and fast braking. Through empirical studies of the 6-month driving traces collected from real driving environments, we discover that each one of the six forms of driving behaviors have their distinctive patterns on acceleration and orientation. Recognizing this observation, we have a tendency to additional propose a fine-grained abnormal Driving behavior Detection and identification system to perform real-time high correct abnormal driving behaviors observance using smart phone sensors. Propose system utilizes smartphone sensing of vehicle dynamics to determine driver phone use, which might facilitate several traffic safety applications. Our system uses embedded sensors in smartphones, i.e., accelerometers and gyroscopes, to capture variations in acceleration attributable to vehicle dynamics. These variations combined with angular speed will verify whether or not the accident occurred or not. Our low infrastructure approach is versatile with completely different driving speeds [1].

Read More...

This paper is an introduction to Virtual Private Network which extends to a private network through a public network, that is the internet. Through VPN the users can send and receive data across shared public network as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. This VPN services is fully dedicated to the small and medium size companies. VPNs can be categorized as Secure or Trusted VPNs, Client-based or Web-based VPNs, Customer Edge-based or Provider Edge-based VPNs, or Outsourced or In-house VPNs. These categories often overlap each other. In order to decide what VPN solutions to choose for different parts of the enterprise infrastructure, the chosen solution should be the one that best meets the requirements of the enterprise.

Read More...

Now days many aspects of speech recognition have been taken over by a deep and smart learning method called Long short-term memory (LSTM). There are many applications of the speech recognition now a days like ticketing system, wheel chair controlling for handicapped, smart data entry, hands free computing, dictation system, smart house appliance control, authentication system, change FM channel while driving a car etc. By use of Speech recognition system any person can handle the system using their voice. The foremost objective of this paper is to extract information from web by making interface between speech and the web. The information is about the data of weather of different cities and stocks of different companies respectively. In this paper we simulate different algorithms of speech processing in MATLAB. For better recognition of speech is performed by the coefficients MFCC (Mel-frequency-Cepstral Coefficients). The efficiency of speech recognition of different words is determined in case of still voice samples. Hidden Markov Model and cross-correlation Techniques are used in this system. The isolated words are record using microphone and simulations of the system done adaptively by using MATLAB. The recognition efficiency is 65% determined by cross-correlation plotting and recognition efficiency 91.60% has been gained by using 400 samples using Hidden Markov method.

Read More...