In this paper, we discuss about the Seat Assignment Method (SAM), SAM is a derived method of 3 existing methods- Hungrian method, Northwest corner method, and Least cost method in a way that produces the easiest way among all methods that solve the seat assignment problem.

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The life span of humans depends heavily on health. Many countries use various technologies to prepare and store foods. Food preparation and storage becomes an essential part for every individual to maintain their health. Compartmentalisation of food based on color is largely used in food industry. Since the visual appearance of food and other biological products is a major factor in the judgment of quality, classification is an important part of quality control in these industries. This classification has historically been performed by use of the only “tool” available, the human eye. In this paper, we start with image acquisition and next, a technique of color image segmentation, which is most inexpensive, and then an in-depth analysis system for food samples. This method uses an edge detection segmentation algorithm in which the color images of food samples are grouped into similar color characteristics. Before the segmentation, the application of Gaussian Low pass filter becomes necessary for the image to blur sharp edges. After that, each part is individually analyzed with its characteristics of color and compared against a given appropriate profile for the particular food sample. Due to the false background of pixels, the algorithm was able to establish the amount of color changes in a given food sample with minuteness and with least error. In this paper, we also present a primary calibrated setup which we have carried out for food sample collection that is free from any effect on environmental lighting conditions. We have tested our segmentation and rejection process with several different food samples and compared the results with visual inspection results. The results of the comparison were quite good. In this paper, we have presented the result that we have obtained using a wheat bread.

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Discs with different diametral holes and slots are widely used in the construction of automobiles, flywheels, clutch plates, saw cutters, missiles, vehicles and ship structures. The knowledge of natural frequencies of components is of great interest in the study of response of structures to various excitations. Hence one of application of rotor disc is tile cutter with central hole, fixed at inner edge and free at outer edge is topic of interest and its dynamic response is investigated by many researchers. This research paper presents a brief review of literature on methodologies used for analysing the vibration characteristics such as natural frequency and mode shapes of circular discs. Till now, much of the research work has been conducted on the vibration analysis of these types of structures based on analytical, numerical and experimental methods. In this paper, efforts have been made to review this type of literature. Finally summary of review and gaps found for future research have been discussed.

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Attendance plays a major role in educational institutions. The most common means of taking attendance in the classroom is by calling out the roll numbers of students or asking the students to manually sign the attendance sheet, which is passed around during the lecture. The process of manually taking and maintaining the attendance records becomes more time consuming. Biometric systems have reached a sufficiently advanced stage wherein they can now be deployed in systems without hampering portability. With the recent development of various cloud based computing and storage systems, data can be securely stored and retrieved whenever required. Fingerprint attendance system aims to automate the attendance procedure of an educational institution using biometric technology. This will save time wasted on calling out names and it gives a full-proof method of attendance marking. GUI application in host computer helps the teacher to manage the device and attendance.

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The construction project are one of the most important projects which plays an important role in the development of the country. It is generally found that multi storey (or high rise) building are the most important part of the construction industry for the greater development. The major part of the construction industry leads to the multi storey building. Hence risk involved in this part also rates higher in the construction industry. Risk in the construction project is considered as one of the most common problem causing multitude of negative effect on the construction project. The purpose of the study is to identify the construction execution risk of the particular selected sites of multi-storey building and with the help of relationship among them by a questionnaire survey and interdependency can be found. Diagraphs can be generated from the data analysis using the appropriate methods. Which gives clear idea about high to low risk in the construction activity and it is helpful to minimize the risk easily.

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In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. The primary component of a condenser is typically the condenser coil, through which the refrigerant flows and fins are provided for better transfer and rejection of heat. In this work heat transfer by convection in air cooled condensers is studied and improved along with study of heat distribution over fins. The assessment has been carried out on an air-cooled finned-tube condenser of a vapour compression cycle for air conditioning system. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the potential benefit of fin distribution on the heat flux and thermal gradient for the same length without failing the load conditions. This paper reviews the different methods researched for improving the heat transfer through fins.

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The project includes the design and manufacturing of pneumatic based six axis material handling system. Material handling can be defined as an integrated system involving such activities as moving, handling, storing and controlling of materials by means of gravity, manual effort or power activated machinery. Moving materials utilize time and space. Material handling is a necessary, but wasteful and expensive activity in manufacturing and distributing. Material handling is a specialized activity for a modern manufacturing concern. It has been estimated that about 60-70% of the cost production is spent in material handling activities. Insufficient material handling accounts for additional costs in two main ways: idle time and cost of labour. Effective material handling solutions can reduce a production or distribution cost by significant amounts. The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and space robots. Certain characteristics of compressed air have made this medium quite suitable for used in modern manufacturing and production industries. The air is compressed in an air compressor and from the compressor plant the flow medium is transmitted to the pneumatic cylinder through a well laid pipe line system. To maintain optimum efficiency of pneumatic system, it is of vital importance that pressure drop between generation and consumption of compressed air is kept very low. Automated material handling (AMH) systems improve efficiency of transportation.

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Many systems use servers to manage and store their data, sometimes the servers are slowed down because of multiple user requests. Most of which are attackers or unauthorized users and some are genuine users. In computing, a denial-of-service (DoS) attack is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) is where the attack source is more than one, often thousands of unique IP addresses. Flooding is one of the typical DDoS attacks that exploit normal TCP connections between a client and a target web server. In this project we are trying to devise a DDoS anomaly detection method on Hadoop that implements a Map Reduce-based detection algorithm against the Flooding attacks.

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The quality and quantity of crop production reduces significantly if leaf is defective because of disease. Severity calculation of crop is measured with the help of k means clustering and thresholding. Early detection of severity which helps to protect quality and quantity of crop. This paper proposes a model to identify the severity of certain spot disease which appears on leaves based on segmented spot.

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Fade is the term used to indicate a loss of braking effectiveness at elevated temperatures because of a reduction in the kinetic friction coefficient (μ). The fade phenomenon in friction materials represents a deviation from law of friction and its occurrence reduces braking efficiency and reliability. Three primary attributes governing brake fade have been identified as load fade, speed fade and temperature fade. High interfacial temperatures can lead to a decrease in shear strength of the pad and consequently a decrease in frictional force which induces fade. This paper deals with application of full face liner for effective braking on band brake system. This is expected to improve brake torque; brake power absorbed and reduced brake wear. Material of brake liner for full face liner is FTL098.

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Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. It is one of the oldest of the natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history, such as the babylonoans, greek, Indians, Egyptians, Nubians, Iranians, Chinese, maya and many ancient indigenous peoples of the Americas performed methodical observations of the night sky. Historically astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry celestial navigation observational astronomy and the making of calendres. Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north south position of a point on the earth’s surface. A circumpo alar star is a star as viewed from given latitude on earth that never sets below the horizon due to its apparent proximity to one of the celestial poles. In this paper we would propose how circumpolar star on meridian serves as in finding latitude of places and how this concept plays an vital roles in astronomy.

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The effective design and the construction of earthquake resistant structures have much greater importance in all over the world. The behavior of GFRG building and regular RC building of G+5 multi stories building under earth quake is complex and it varies of wind loads are assumed to act simultaneously with earth quake loads. In this paper the seismic analysis by the response spectrum method will be done to the GFRG building and regular RC building of calculating various responses in different zones by using ETABS software, so that the both results be compared. The Glass fibre reinforced gypsum (GFRG) walls are gypsum panels with hallow cores or cavities which can be filled with concrete. GFRG walls are in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. GFRG panels are a composite material consisting of gypsum plaster and glass fibers. The gypsum is industrial by product waste the product is not only ecofriendly, but also resistant to water and fire. IIT madras has been involved, since 2003 with the development of building system especially earthquake resistant design for use in India. Our India is still developing country fighting with huge shortage of houses for every year. To meet this challenge, India requires innovative, energy efficient, strong and durable in fast method of construction at economical cost. The main aim of this paper is to find out the different responses like Storey drift, Storey displacements, Base shear and Storey shear and Modal periods and Frequencies of both the GFRG and regular RC buildings. It is found that the GFRG are economical in design and construction in sub urban and low rise building constructions. But Displacements will be increasing with increase in number of storeys.

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In this paper we are going to propose a methodology for determining traffic congestion on roads using image processing techniques and a model for controlling traffic signals based on information received from images of vehicle present on the roads taken by video camera. In a video frame instead of calculating number of vehicle we are going to calculate the area occupied by the vehicle on the road in the terms of pixels. Variable traffic cycle and weighted time these two parameters are considered for each road based on density of vehicle and sequence of control traffic lights.

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The paper reveals the information regarding sea water desalination process by organic material in which some basic organic components, aggregates, chemical compounds are added to purify sea water without requirement of any sources which can be a beneficial term for them who do not have any sources for gain pure drinkable water. There are many systems available in the market which purifies the sea water but some of are costly or unaffordable by a common person thus we developed setup which solve the water crisis by using sea water, which is affordable and cheaper than any other setup. In contrasting we developed the simple filtration system in which the filter only produce the pure water by combining of both solar panel system and RO membrane in addition to this another important parameter is cost which is low compared to other system.

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The advancement of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites has been an essential region of research enthusiasm for Material Science, since critical change of properties, for example, high particular quality, damping proportion, particular modulus and wear protection as accomplished, contrasted with unreinforced amalgams. The need of Metal network composites has ideally expanded in the field of aviation, car and electronic ventures. Be that as it may, because of their high cost, tests are typically done to diminish the cost of composites and economical materials are used for metal framework composites. Fly Ash being distinguished as a standout amongst the most economical and low thickness intermittent dispersoids is utilized as fortifications. It is subsequently expected that the fuse of Fly Ash particles in Aluminum amalgam will advance yet another utilization of this ease squander by item and in the meantime has the potential for monitoring vitality escalated Aluminum. In perspective of this, the present Investigation concentrates on the advancement of Al-WC-Fly-fiery remains Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite by blend throwing strategy. The mechanical properties of Al 7075, for example, Tensile quality, stretching, hardness, within the sight of Tungsten Carbide and Fly-cinder are assessed in precisely outlined research center that duplicate as almost as conceivable to benefit conditions. The microstructure of Al-Metal Matrix Composites is examined under SEM Test.

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In regular retail shop the shopkeeper may predict the behaviour of customers using their facial expressions which can results in increase in their sell. However, while considering online shopping it is not possible to see and analyse customer behaviour such as facial expressions, products they check or touch etc. In this case, click streams or the mouse movements of E-Customers may provide some hints about their buying behaviour. In this, we have presented a model to collect, analyse click streams of E-Customers and extract information and make predictions about their shopping behaviour on an online shopping market place. The model we present predicts category of most likely bought products on a digital market place by the customer and according to that it gives recommendations of products to the E-customers. We are also going to provide offers on items added in basket of most likely bought category by customer through basket analysis. For analysis and prediction we are going to use Naive Bayes algorithm. Result of this analysis can be used in Customer Relationship Management and Business Intelligence.

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Tungsten arc welding processes are being employed widely for the precision joining of critical components which require controlled heat inputs. The small intense heat sources provided by the tungsten arc are ideally suited to the controlled melting of the material. Flux is an inorganic compound suspended in a volatile medium to increases the penetration and provide arc constriction. A variant of the TIG process by using flux called Activated-TIG process. The surface of the work piece is covered with a thin layer of the flux, which is usually a metal oxide. This layer will act as an insulation barrier to the arc current. Temperature at the centre of the weld pool will be sufficient to melt the flux so that the electric current can penetrate the flux to the weld pool and work piece.

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Taguchi Method is a statistical approach to optimize the process parameters and improve the quality of components that are manufactured. The orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance are employed to study the performance characteristics of single lap joint. Thus the objective of this work is to obtain optimal values of joining process parameters such as surface texture pattern type, adhesive thickness, adherent overlap length, concentration of surface textures for each adhesive material separately for optimizing shear stress values of the joint under same loading conditions. Since here four factors at three levels i.e. 34 experiments were taken. Average Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for each factor at different level is determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed for percentage of contribution of different factor. The factor that has much influence on response variable is identified through the percentage of contribution. The factor, which has more percentage of contribution, is the significant factor.

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The advance in the field of materials science and particularly the development of functional coatings by different techniques of deposition in the solid state, has improved the efficiency and safety of components and equipment that are subject of extreme conditions involving high temperatures and pressures of operation such as: heat exchangers, boilers, furnaces, as well as (Aeronautics) gas turbines blades. Steam turbines represent an area of interest for the development of coatings that not only can resist high temperatures, but would also be capable of withstanding exposure to corrosive environments and wear. Hardness is also the main important property which important for the service life of coating. This upcoming dissertation will give us the mechanical properties of material with & without coated surface also this dissertation includes micro hardness test & erosion behaviour of coated material by fluctuating input parameters viz. Powder feed rate, stand-off distance, Fuel flow rate etc.

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The purpose of this study is to find the extent of GGBS as a replacement material for cement and pond ash as a replacement material for fine aggregate in concrete without compromising the strength and durability of conventional concrete. The physical and chemical properties of GGBS and pond ash have been studied and it has been found that both the industrial wastes can replace the cement upto 50% and 30% respectively in concrete from literatures. Concrete mix design for M35 grade has been carried out with conventional ingredients. The specimens were tested for mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength on 7, 28 days. After determining the properties of the concrete mixes, the optimum percentage replacement levels for GGBS and pond ash has been found and reinforced concrete beams were cast to study the flexural behaviour and cubes to study the durability properties of the optimized concrete mix. It has been found that the mechanical properties of the concrete are affected in short run but the same mechanical properties and durability found to be better than the conventional OPC based concrete.

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The purpose of this project is to fabricate a solar water distillation system that can purify the water, which is impure by using a systematic arrangement must have low cost for manufacturing and works based on renewable energy of solar. There is less amount of water only left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 20 -25 years from today. 99% of Earth's water is in a solid state and other impure form and the remaining is in liquid form. Due to this reason, water purification is necessary. Because of this, purposes the solar still is constructed which will convert the impure water into pure water using the renewable solar energy. The incoming solar radiation from the sun is heating the water, which placed in the basin in impure form, and this water gets evaporated and condensed into pure drinkable water.

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In this thesis, commercially available synthetic fibers namely, nylon, coconut and steel fiber are used to study the effects of fiber used for reinforcing concrete mixes and to obtain basic strength. The compressive strength tests were performed by changing fiber weight content from 0% to 1.25% of the cement weight content. As a result, it was found that the use of nylon fiber considerably increases the tensile strength as the fiber content is increased.

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Now a day's certain actions are taken to improve the level of cleanliness in the country. People are getting more active in doing all the things possible to clean their surroundings. Various movements are also started by the government to increase cleanliness. We will try to build a system which will notify corporations to empty the bin on time. In this system, we will put a sensor on top of the garbage bin which will detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the total size of the bin. When the garbage will reach the maximum level, a notification will be sent to the corporate's office then the employees can take further actions to empty the bin. This system will help in cleaning the city in a better way. By using this system people do not have to check all the systems manually but they will get a notification when the bin will get filled.

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Air pollution has been tremendously increasing these days. The quality of air has been affected by various factors like industrial emissions, heavy usage of automobiles etc. The evolution of various technologies like Internet of Things, Raspberry Pi makes easier for us to deploy sensors and allows us to detect the quality of air in real time. Air Pollution monitoring system using raspberry pi provides an effective solution than others that are previously used. The working performance of the proposed model is evaluated using prototype implementation, consisting of raspberry pi, gas sensors like MQ135 and MQ2 for measuring NO2 and CO ppm levels in atmosphere, A/D converter, python software package and Thing Speak cloud services. The results obtained from these gas sensors are evaluated using Thing Speak cloud services.

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The new modern technology has increased the standard of living for the humans. Every one of us craves for a quality of product everything we use in our daily lives. So, this has resulted in a large number of crowds at shopping malls which have to lead to long lines at the billing counter because the cashier has to scan every product item and then enter it into the billing record. The prevailing billing system is a bit time -consuming process. So, we thought of inventing a remedial electronic product to catch-up with this problem. We call it "Smart Trolley for Shopping Malls using pic 18F458". This is based on the pic microcontroller fitted with an LCD and BARCODE scanner on a trolley and a wireless network to work even at long distance due to its wide range. The brief description of its operation is, when you pick a product from the mall and drop it into the trolley, the RFID scanner scans the product's unique code and its price. And it gets displayed on the LCD screen. So after a customer has finished with the shopping has to visit the counter and pay the bill as displayed on the LCD screen fitted on the trolley. This will save a lot of the time that was earlier being consumed to scan each item.

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