The purpose of this report is to study analytical geometry in sphere is used in real life application. The basic elements of Euclidean plane geometry are points and lines. On the sphere, points are defined in the usual sense. The analogue of the "lines" is the geodetic which is the great circle, the defining characteristic of the great circle is that the plane containing all its points also passes through the center of the sphere.

Read More...

Soft clay formations are extensively located in many areas around the world. The significant high compressibility and low shear strength of these formations impose challenging engineering problems. Major problem that zinc manufacturing industries face today is the disposal of jarosite waste. When it is mixed with 2 % lime and 10 % cement, the resulting stable material is called Jarofix. Presently, utilization of these waste materials is much more crucial and concern in India due to large amount of production and having very limited application. This study depicts the experimental investigations into the effect of jarofix content on the compressibility parameter of clayey soil. Recently studies shown that the addition of jarofix resulted in enhanced properties of soil. A series of laboratory tests were carried out considering, additive contents of 2, 4, 6%. One dimensional consolidation and laboratory cassagrandes test were carried out. The aim of this paper is to study the consolidation characteristics of jarofix stabilized soil from consolidation test and empirical correlation proposed by terzaghi.

Read More...

Herein, we employed oxidation polymerization to fabricate the polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers having five different concentrations (0.03, 0.07, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.15 M). In order to reveal the formation and structure of these PANI nanofibers, range of experimental methods namely, Ultra-Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized. We discuss the influence of concentration of PANI on the formation and structure of PANI nanofibers based on the results obtained from these experiments.

Read More...

In the Textile Sector the Visual Merchandising Design covers every space, environment, and visually stimulating factor. This includes not only the architectural appearance but interior, graphic sign boards, window display, layout, store appliances, lighting, and even the looks and service attitude that sales employees have and show to customers. Visual merchandising is the practice in the retail industry of developing floor plans and three-dimensional displays in order to maximize sales. Both goods and services can be displayed to highlight their features and benefits. The purpose of such visual merchandising is to attract, engage, and motivate the customer towards making a purchase. Visual merchandising commonly occurs in retail spaces such as stores. Even if good quality merchandise and design hit the shelf of the store, but customers don’t visit the store, those merchandise are not sold. The Visual Merchandising Department aims to display merchandise in multiple ways to heighten brand images; to steadily lure many customers to the store. In this Study we are going to focus the attributes of visual merchandising in which it attracts the consumer for purchasing. The researcher undergoes the study with the tools like Chi – Square with the Store displays to improve the Purchasing factor in the Retail Outlet.

Read More...

The modern day technology requires high data rate to enhance transmission speed. Multi carrier CDMA system is a promising technique which enhances the transmission speed over single carrier technique. However, there is a major challenge in MC-CDMA system due to multi carrier interference. Literature shown multiple of techniques proposed to compensate for multi carrier interference. Genetic algorithm is technique used in many areas for complex optimization problem. We proposed a novel method of reducing MCI for multi carrier CDMA systems using multi objective optimization scheme based on genetic algorithm. Another purpose to estimate the signal from multiple user and thereby improving the BER rate.

Read More...

Most of the existing building which do not fulfill the current seismic requirements may suffer extensive damage or even collapse of the structure during earthquake. So as to mitigate the effects of earthquake on the structure, the Base Isolation technique is the best alternative as a seismic protective system. The main motive of base isolation system is to reduce the earthquake induced inertia force by increasing the life of the structure. The (G+8) storied RC frame structure was analysed using SAP2000v16 software for two cases i.e. Fixed base RC structure and Base Isolation RC structure. High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB) is used as base isolation system for the analysis, as it is having efficient results. Models are designed as per IS 1893:2002 and is used for analysis. The final result shows that the storey drift, storey acceleration, storey velocity, story displacement are reduced and time period of the structure is increased by using the HDRB base isolators as compared with the fixed base condition.

Read More...

As if we saw that the technology comes into the nanometer range so that the ground bounce noise and noise immunity are becalmed very important factor of comparable importance to leakage current, active power, delay and area for the design and analysis and the design of complex arithmetic logic circuits. In this research thesis we have proposed A low leakage 1bit full adder cells for various mobile applications with very low ground bounce noise and a very good technique has been put forward with improved a new staggered phase damping technique for the further reduction in the peak of ground bounce noise. We also found that the noise immunity is carefully calculated and considered so that the significant value of the threshold current and low threshold voltage transition are becomes more susceptible to noise. We shows and put forward a new transistor resizing approach for 1bit full adder cells to determine how to optimize a size of sleep transistor which reduce the leakage power and ground bounce noise. The final simulation results shows that the output forwarded design also have a very effective 1bit full adder cells in terms of standby leakage power and an active powered, ground bounce noise and noise margin.

Read More...

The aim of the present study in hand is to get an insight about how quality control in the industries create a special impact. This study has been conducted with special reference to the Indian context. It is crucial for all the companies to set quality standards and the quality control mechanism in the industries ensures the same. Quality impacts an industry in several ways. This could be profitability, productivity, public perception and customer satisfaction. One of the major components of quality control is inspection. Inspection refers to an evaluation of the activities conducted. In India ISO 9000 is one of the standards set by the government for quality control measures. In inspection, the outcomes are generally contrasted with indicated necessities and gauges for deciding if the thing or movement is in accordance with these objectives, frequently with a Standard Inspection Procedure set up to guarantee predictable checking. Investigations are normally non-dangerous. In the production process inspection includes examining, measuring, testing, gauging realted to the few characteristics of the products in the process. Quality control standards ensure standardisation and eliminates discrepencies making production truly homogenous. Furthermore increasing production efficiency and effectiveness leading to the production according to the Bill of Material (BOM).

Read More...

Rice Husk Ash (RHA)is a by-product of the agricultural industry which contains high amount of silicon dioxide(SiO2). In this research, for the first time in the Middle East, in order to supply typical RHA, a special furnace was designed and constructed in Amir kabir University of Technology. Afterwards, XRD and XRF technique were used to determine the amorphous silica content of the burnt rise husk. Attempts were made to determine the optimum temperature and duration of burning. Results show that temperature of 650 degrees centigrade and 60 minutes burning time are the best combination. Then various experiments were carried out to determine properties of concretes in corporating optimum RHA. Tests include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water permeability and rapid chloride permeability test. Results show that concrete incorporating RHA had higher compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity at various ages compared with that of the control concrete. In addition, results show that RHA as an artificial pozzolanic material has enhanced the durability of RHA as an artificial pozzolanic material has enhanced the durability of RHA concretes and reduced the chloride diffusion.

Read More...

Gi-Fi will helps to push wireless communications to faster drive. For many years cables ruled the world. Optical fibers played a dominant role for its higher bit rates and faster transmission. But the installation of cables caused a greater difficulty and thus led to wireless access. The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts. Wi-Fi followed it having coverage area of 91mts. No doubt, introduction of Wi-Fi wireless networks has proved a revolutionary solution to “last mile” problem. However, the standard's original limitations for data exchange rate and range, number of channels, high cost of the infrastructure have not yet made it possible for Wi-Fi to become a total threat to cellular networks on the one hand, and hard-wire networks. But the man’s continuous quest for even better technology despite the substantial advantages of present technologies led to the introduction of new, more up-to-date standards for data exchange rate i.e., Gi-Fi. Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world's first transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates at 60GHz on the CMOS process. It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost, usually within a range of 10 meters. It utilizes a 5mm square chip and a 1mm wide antenna burning less than 2 watts of power to transmit data wirelessly over short distances, much like Bluetooth. The development will enable the truly wireless office and home of the future. As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality.

Read More...

The purpose of the project is to design, fabricate and manufacture of coconut kernel cutting machine. The design concept is that meat cutting of the coconut is accomplished by pneumatic press. The machine consists of five main parts such as: Machine frame, Vertical slab, Double acting cylinder, Pneumatic system and Tanks receiving coconut juice and cut fruits. The machine parts contacting edible parts of the coconut are made of food-grade stainless steel. In this operation, a young coconut is allowed to fall from the hopper on the cutting base and the pneumatic control is switched on, so that the double acting cylinder gets actuated and hence the coconut is automatically moved to the pressing unit and it gets crushed. The coconut juice flows down to the tank while the cut coconut meats are separated and moved into the other tank. The machine is found to operate safely without damage to the coconut meats.

Read More...

Idea of Firewall is the most essential thing in arrange and the movement which is going through system edge needs to be separating the activity that will go through it. In this way there is potential hazard in this procedure. As every bundle should be checked with every firewall manage to locate the coordinating tenets. 'Geometric Efficient Matching Algorithm ' is one of the computational geometry calculation which gives for all intents and purposes better answer to find the control which precisely coordinates. Considering the fact that firewalls need to filter all of the visitors crossing the internet work perimeter, they need to be capable of maintain a completely high throughput, or threat becoming a bottleneck. Firewall packet matching may be considered as a point area trouble: each packet (point) has five fields (dimensions), which want to be checked towards each firewall rule so that you can locate the primary matching rule. Hence, algorithms from computational geometry can be implemented. in this paper we bear in mind a classical set of rules that we tailored to the firewall domain. We name the resulting algorithm “Geometric Efficient Matching” (GEM). The GEM set of rules enjoys a logarithmic matching time performance. But, the set of rules’ theoretical worst-case space complexity is O(n4 ) for a rule-base with n policies. Due to this perceived excessive space complexity, GEM-like algorithms had been rejected as impractical with the aid of in advance works. Contrary to this end, this paper suggests that GEM is certainly an awesome desire. Primarily based on records from real firewall rule-bases, we create d a perimeter guidelines model that generates random, but non-uniform, rule-bases. We evaluated GEM through extensive simulation using the perimeter guidelines model. Our simulations show that on such rule-bases, GEM uses close to linear space and most effective needs about 13MB of area for rule-bases of 5,000 guidelines. Moreover, with use of extra area enhancing heuristics, we have been able to lessen the space requirement to 2-3MB for 5,000 policies. But most importantly, we included GEM into the code of the Linux iptables open-supply firewall, and examined it on real site visitor’s masses. Our GEM-iptables implementation controlled to filter out over 30,000 packets-according to-second on a widespread pc, despite 10,000 policies. Therefore, we consider that GEM is a good, and sensible, algorithm for firewall packet matching.

Read More...

Concrete, the most common material used in construction. Concrete has high compressive strength but it is weak in tension as the cement holding the aggregate in place can crack, allowing the structure to fail. Concrete when exposed to elevated temperatures become ductile and cracks. To improve the ductility we add basalt fibers can withhold the concrete without cracking at elevated temperatures due to their high elastic modulus, resulting in excellent tensile strength. The major objective of this research is to evaluate mechanical properties like compressive strength and split tensile strength of basalt fibre concrete at elevated temperatures expose to 27áµ’C to 600áµ’C for every 200áµ’C interval and is maintained for 3 hours duration. In this study M65 grade of concrete is considered and basalt fibers are added at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 percent by volume. The parameters tested are compressive strength and split tensile strength. The specimens of size 100mm X 100mm X 100mm cubes were casted for compression test and cylinders of size 300mm length X 150mm diameter were casted for split tensile strength test and are cured for 7 and 28 days. The heated specimens are cooled to room temperature to determine the residual compressive strength and split tensile strength of basalt fibre concrete. Addition of basalt fibre in concrete reduces the compressive strength gradually and increases split tensile strength up to 0.2% addition of basalt content at all temperatures, residual split tensile strength of basalt fibre reinforced concrete increased. Addition of 0.2% basalt fibre content resists the micro cracks which are developed under applied stress resulting in high tensile strength of concrete. By visual observation the spalling of basalt reinforced concrete is less when compared to conventional concrete.

Read More...

Sand is a prime material used for preparation of mortar and concrete plays a major role in mix design. The construction industry demands only specific type of sand, for making mortar and concrete. This has led to a huge demand and degradation of natural sources. Shortage river sand has greater impact on construction industry. Hence there is a need alternative material to river sand such as GGBS, copper slag, quarry dust, foundry sand may be alternative for river sand. Ground granulated blast furnace slags are one of the promising sustainable solid wastes generated by industry. In order to address the scarcity of sand GBFS can be used as an alternative material. Present experimental work explores the possibility of using GBFS as replacement of natural sand in cement mortar. The main objective of the present work is to study drying shrinkage of mortar of ratios 1:3 and 1:4 by replacing the fine aggregate with GBFS at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with w/c ratios of 0.45&0.56 respectively. A total no of 30 specimens of size hardly25 % is being used mostly in cement production. Hence, using GGBFS in place of sand may reduce the environment affects and also may give solution to scarcity of sand. The feasibility of the usage of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as percentage substitutes for fine aggregate in cement mortar is proposed in this study. Drying shrinkage is defined as the contracting of a hardened concrete mixture due to the loss of capillary water. This shrinkage causes an increase in tensile stress, which may lead to cracking, internal warping, and external deflection, before the concrete is subjected to any kind of loading. Evaporation of gel water changes the surface energy of the solid phase and causes further shrinkage. However, if the environment is wet or moist, the flow of moist will be spread from the environment to the specimen, the result being a volume increase or swelling. All Portland cement concrete undergoes drying shrinkage or hydral volume change as the concrete ages. (25x25x25) mm are tested for drying shrinkage using The hydral volume change in concrete is very important length comparator after 28 days of curing period. The optimum percentage replacement of sand with GGBS for 1:3 and 1:4 mix proportions were determined. Drying shrinkage of specimens with 1:3 and 1:4 ratios increased up to 75% replacement of fine aggregate with GBFS. Ground blast furnace slag is recommended to use as an alternative material to natural sand.

Read More...

Since mining frequent patterns from transactional databases involves an exponential mining space and generates a huge number of patterns, efficient discovery of user interest based frequent pattern set becomes the first priority for mining algorithm. A frequent pattern can be said periodic frequent if it appears at a regular interval given by user in given database. The novel concept of mining frequent patterns from databases. It can be mine using an efficient tree based structure, called periodic frequent pattern tree, that captures the database contents in highly compact manner and enables a pattern growth mining techniques to generate the complete set of periodic-frequent patterns.

Read More...

The goal of this undertaking is to enhance the speed of procurement by utilizing RFID. This undertaking is intended to utilize the RFID based security framework application in the shopping trolley. This task is utilized as a part of shopping complex to buy the items. In this undertaking RFID card is utilized as security access for the item. On the off chance that the item is placed into the trolley implies it will demonstrate the sum and furthermore the aggregate sum. Be that as it may, in this venture RFID card is utilized for getting to the items. So this undertaking enhances the security execution and furthermore the speed.

Read More...

This paper allows the doctors to view the details of a patient such as the actual examination of the patient by the doctor, recording of history, and Diet Preparation for the Patient, Preparing the Treatment Plan. Using the Treatment Preparation feature, doctors can process and report clinical service details and consultation notes. It also allows access to a patient’s medical record and treatment details. Doctors can give restrictions and Special instructions to Patients through this module. It allows doctors to prescribe medicines for the in patients. However, doctors can view the information and he can easily collect the necessary information from the guest here. Once the guest is admitted we can reuse the complete details of the customer for life long.

Read More...

Speed control of three phase induction motor is important for industry. For speed control of induction motor mainly three control methods are employed namely Scalar control, Field oriented control (FOC) and Direct Torque control (DTC). Scalar control method is generally not used in application, where accurate torque response will be required. In this paper Review of advanced control methods of three phase Induction motor have done.

Read More...

Reversible data hiding is a type of data hiding techniques whereby the host image can be recovered exactly. Being lossless makes this technique suitable for medical and military applications. Recently, as a new trend, some researchers exploited reversible data embedding techniques to deliberately degrade image quality to a desirable level of distortion. In this paper, a unified data embedding-scrambling technique called UES is proposed. This technique received more attention because of its high payload and adaptive scalable quality degradation. The aim of this paper is to present a review of USE data hiding techniques proposed so far in order apply and analyze this technique on the 7 images (each of dimension 512×512 pixels) from the USC-SIPI standard test image dataset. Validation of proposed USE technique is considered by two parameters such as image quality i.e is measured in terms of SSIM value and by visual inspection. Along with that, USE technique is functionally compared with other various exiting data hiding techniques.

Read More...

Most of the steel structures in India are made of conventional steel sections (such as angle, channel and beam sections). However, new hollow steel sections (such as square and rectangular hollow sections) are gaining popularity in recent steel constructions due to a number of advantages such as its higher strength to weight ratio, better fire resistance properties, higher radius of gyration, lesser surface area, etc. This type of hollow sections can save cost up to 30 to 50% over the conventional steel sections (Tata Steel brochure, 2012). But unlike the conventional steel sections these hollow sections do not have standard connection details available in design code or in published literature. To overcome this problem the objective of the present study was identified to develop a suitable and economic connection detail between two square hollow sections which should be capable of transmitting forces smoothly and easy to be fabricated. To achieve the above objective, a square hollow beam to square hollow column connection was selected and modeled in commercial finite element software ABAQUS. This model was analyzed for nonlinear static (pushover) analysis considering a number of connection details. Following four alternative scheme of connection details were selected for this study: (i) using end-plate, (ii) using angle section, (iii) using channel sections, and (iv) using collar plates. The base model (rectangular hollow beam welded to one face of the rectangular hollow column) is also studied for reference. The performance of the selected connection details are compared and the best performing connection details is recommended for rectangular hollow beam-to- rectangular hollow column joints. The result shows that the load carrying capacity of the joint and the maximum deformation capacity is highly sensitive to the type of connection used. Also, the location of formation of plastic hinges in the structure (which can be at joint or at beam) depends highly on the type of connection used.

Read More...

The phototherapy in the medical terminology has been an effective treatment Methodology to treat neonatal jaundice with the exposure of light. The existing phototherapy device to cure jaundice in neonates uses fluorescent lamp, halogen lamp etc. The need for a new technology arises to fulfill certain drawbacks in the current technology which includes high energy consumption [100 Watts] and it costs around Rs.23000. The basic idea behind this project is to develop a low cost which costs around Rs.10000 and low power LED based phototherapy unit which consumes 10 Watts to provide uniform light distribution intensity over a specified area of interest, portable and an effective treatment. Using a 455 nm wavelength of blue band light, this device will help to reduce the bilirubin content in the neonates affected with jaundice which is prevailing in every 50-60 percent of new born babies. The photo therapy treatment depends on the intensity of light and its surface area of Exposure.

Read More...

Nowadays, if a person wants to get a doctor's appointment he has to go to the doctor's clinic or need to call, to book an appointment. This consumes the precious time of the patient. Also if the doctor cancels his/her schedule, the patient does not come to know about it unless he/she goes to the clinic. The objective of this project is to build a system that will ease the process of booking appointment of the doctor. The patient will book the appointment through his/her mobile phone. The doctor will come to know the number of patients he has to attend in a day. The system will save patient's as well as doctor's time. It will save the paperwork of both doctor and patient. The system will prove to be useful for a doctor as he can check his appointments whenever and from wherever he wants from his mobile phone. It also contains the functionality to connect with doctor online, for suggestions and counseling.

Read More...

The advent of modern technologies at the establishment of the last century has brought in development of various technologies, which has substantially increased the harvests of various crops. Kisan is an agricultural portal which gives resolutions to the farmers and students of agricultural studies in India. The major focus of Agriculture region presently in the in this portal, is pertaining to Agricultural Acknowledgment, Policies & Schemes, Agricultural Bank loans, Market Information, Agricultural Best Practices, On & Off Farm Enterprises and various Products & Services. Today, India ranks second global in farm output. Agriculture and linked sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 16.5% of the GDP in 2007, employed 61% of the total workforce and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, is still the largest commercial sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. It is readily accepted that increased information flow has an optimistic effect on the agricultural sector and individual firms. However, collecting and distributing information is often difficult and costly. Information Technology (IT) offers the ability to increase the amount of information provided to all applicants in the agricultural sector and to decrease the cost of distributing the information. An understanding of the factors associated with IT approval and use in agriculture will enable the development of strategies to promote IT approval and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of information used in agriculture.

Read More...

The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. Safety aspect in automotive engineering has been considered as a number one priority in development of new vehicle. Disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses during routine braking. The main cause of this paper is to minimize the thermal stresses with best suited material, best suited design & give optimized result. The work considers heat and temperature distribution on disc brake rotor. The main of aim of this review work is to study various researches done in past to improve heat transfer rate of disc brake by changing vane geometry and material.

Read More...

A Chatbot is a service, which are governed by certain indispensable rules that are based majorly on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning algorithms that you use to interact with a chat interface. The Chatbot which is to be implemented accepts natural language input(text or speech) from users, navigates through the Information Repository and responds with student information in natural language on a University environment which is particularly useful for students looking for information regarding admission for various courses offered by the university. Students are guided by the Chatbot to choose their courses judiciously by asking questions essential in achieving the intent or goal of the system, which are further analyzed, appropriate keywords are searched, and an output is generated thereby fulfilling the intent. He Chatbot has the ability to garner more information by itself, by leveraging the properties of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to the fullest, and hence can be labelled as self-learning. A system so developed enables the students to select a befitting career generated as per their interest and capability, which they can follow.

Read More...