The plastic material disposal has been rapidly increasing day by day. In the same way, the traffic density is also increasing. Due to this load bearing capacity on road is also increasing which leads to damage of pavement and also reduction of the life span of pavement. To overcome this damage, waste plastic material has been used as a replacement in flexible pavements. Waste plastics are mainly made up of compounds like Polyethylene, Polystyrene and Polypropylene. Plastic heated at temperatures between 120ËšC-160ËšC gives the softening point. They do not produce any toxic gases at this temperature but, these plastics have the tendency to form a layer over aggregate when it is heated at 160ËšC and can be further used for road construction. The aggregate coated plastics have higher strength when compared to normal aggregate. The use of this technology will not only strengthen the road construction but also increases the road life as well as help to improve the environment. The main significance of this paper is to discuss the plastic flexible pavement in terms of cost reduction, increase in strength and durability. The plastics are heated and coated upon the aggregates (160ËšC) to compensate the air voids with plastic and gets binded with aggregate to provide stability.

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in order to conceal certain specific information, a digital watermark is added in a signal. It is typically used to identify ownership or copyright of any signal. There are widely two domains in which digital watermarking is divided: spatial domain and transform domain. Few disadvantages of the spatial domain are that it alters the host image and cannot tolerate lossy compression. Hence transform domain digital watermarking is more popular. There are several method in transform domain like: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). In order to improve the robustness of digital watermarking, a novel method of DWT-SVD was introduced. This method helps in utilizing the advantages of both methods together. The results show that performance of DWT-SVD is better than performance of DWT and SVD alone. The method along with algorithm and results is discussed in the paper. Future work can be directed in order to reduce the computational complexity of this method.

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Cold formed steel in light steel framing design can serve as alternative for industrialized building system , by extending steel work construction into residential housing. There is a lack in depth of study on the joints behavior of cold formed steel structures by assuming that beam-to-column joints are either pinned or rigid. These assumptions allow a great simplification in structural analysis and design, but unfortunately the true behavior of the joints being neglected.. In steel structures, moment resisting steel frames are highly regarded for their seismic performance. This regard is based on their ductility and inelastic performance, since inelastic deformation is used to dissipate energy during major earthquakes. This dissipation of energy is predominantly required in the connections like beam column joints. This is carried out with the influence of stiffener. Such a study of the inelastic behavior of steel connections would help in an economical and simpler design of connections in steel frames. This project develops a three dimensional finite element model using ANSYS and the results are compared with the experimental results.

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Sub structure is an important part of any multi-storey building as it gives stability to the super-structure. Foundation is designed as per the reactions coming from the super structure. Therefore, as the structural system changes, base reactions are changed and it affects the foundation design. The varying sub-soil conditions also affect the foundation. In this study, analysis and design of raft foundation is done in SAFE 2012 for multi-storey (G+10, G+15 and G+20) buildings with different structural systems and for different sub-soil conditions and comparison has been made. Here, three types of structural systems - simple frame, frame with shear wall and frame with bracing and three types of sub-soils - soft (k = 15000 kN/m3, N<10), medium (k = 40000 kN/m3, 1030) have been taken. By the comparative study, we have concluded that for the frame with shear wall, the cost of foundation is maximum than other two systems. For frame with bracing, the cost is more than that of simple frame. Also, the cost of foundation increases as soil changes from hard to soft. For soft soil, the soil pressure is exceeding the limiting value so in that case, raft foundation is not possible.

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The algorithm described below is the 8 kb/s speech coding algorithm. The algorithm is based on a CS-ACELP (Conjugate-Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) coding technique. Short term synthesis filter is based on a 10th order Linear Prediction filter for every 10ms frame. This coder is designed to operate with a digital signal obtained by first performing telephone bandwidth filtering of the analogue input signal, then sampling it at 8000 Hz, followed by conversion to 16-bit linear PCM for the input to the encoder. The output of the decoder should be converted back to an analogue signal by similar means. The idea of the algorithm is to predict the next coming signals by means of linear prediction. It also uses statistical data to distinguish the resemblance of the signal to special signals in its codebook. It uses the fixed codebook and adaptive codebook. Long-term pitch synthesis filter is implemented using the adaptive-code book. The codec delivers quality of speech equivalent to that of 32 kb/s ADPCM (Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation) for most operating conditions. This algorithm gives the reduced bit rates at the cost of lower quality. The coder structure will be discussed in detail and also the reasons behind certain design choices.

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this paper describes an eye tracking system for drowsiness detection of a driver. It is based on an IR sensor. By placing an IR sensor on the goggles, we can monitor the face of the driver and look for the eye-movements which indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to driver is no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning signal should be issued.

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Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is the method which uses visual data to find the images from a huge database on the foundation of user’s input in conditions of query image and usually some effective features for color string, HSV histogram, edge orientation and intensity map are extracted. This study proposes an picture characteristic illustration manner centered on Color Coding-Multi-Trend Structure Descriptor (CMTSD) and Pattern Recognition Neural Network (PRNN). We overview the outcome on Corel dataset which includes a thousand and 5000 pictures. And the experimental results based on precision, accuracy and feature extraction (FE) time. The proposed algorithm is in similarity with MTSD procedure and it is better than MTSD approach. The distance between two matrixes is calculated using different similarity measures, namely, L1, Euclidean distance (ED), ChebyChev, Hamming and Jaccard distance. Neural network (NN) is used for categorization of query picture as per training database. At first NN is trained about the image features in the database. The training is done by using pattern network algorithm. This trained database is used for classification of the query image. According to retrieved image class further CMTSD based CBIR is used for retrieving similar images.

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Digital image watermarking (DIW) is one of the ways that is resilient to various attacks on the image based digital media where data authentication is done with the aid of embedding a watermark in picture traits. This work incorporates a new approach for DIW using 3level lifting wavelet transform (3LWT)-Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT)-Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in YCbCr color gap. Extensive experiments exhibit that the proposed watermarking algorithm has a good imperceptibility and high robustness to quite a lot of long-established image processing attacks, similar to motion blurring, and usual attack. To evaluate the effectivity of the algorithm and the fine of the extracted watermark image (WI), we used commonly recognized photo pleasant operate measurements, comparable to Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), executing time for embedding and root mean square error (RMSE). Effect point out the acceptable invisibility of the removed WI (PSNR = 64.4765 dB), as good as quality watermark extraction (PSNR = 23.4101).

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QR codes have recently been expanding throughout the world targeting all aspects of marketing. With this, the use of the QR Code spread globally. This quick response code is a simply 2D barcode as it is evolved from barcode. The sole purpose of the QR code is to direct the user to a particular link. Since the use of mobile phones has increased and also they come at much affordable prices which facilitates the use of mobile phones among variety of user including student population. In this paper, we are proposing a new and improved way of managing educational system by using QR code. We are suggesting a system where the student profile is managed by the administrators. Basically, a student profile is communication or any other purpose. In consideration of that, the QR code started making its way in the field of education. The QR codes are very easy to scan as they can be captured from any angle. For scanning a QR code, a QR code scanner is required or they can be easily scanned by any mobile device containing a QR code scanning application. Nowadays, inbuilt QR code scanning applications are by various mobile companies. SO it is not always necessary to go to the play store and download the QR code scanner.

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this study was carried out in BIT Campus and closed populated villages of BIT Campus to assess the some groundwater quality parameters of selected India Mark-II and shallow depth hand pumps. A total number of 7 samples collected such as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S7 and were tested for pH, total hardness, alkalinity, acidity, chloride, Total Dissolved Solids and fluoride and the results are compared with IS 10500:2012. The study was carried out during September 2016 and October 2016 and all collected samples subjected to test for Physical and chemical analysis.

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the need for conservation of energy and reducing harmful emissions has become an important issue in the developing world. Air conditioners or AC begins a new technological revolution few years back. It becomes a vital part in buildings and houses. This work is an extension to the design of currently used air coolers. The compact air cooler uses less electricity and prevents harmful emissions by using normal cold water and wooden strips.

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internal combustion engines especially of the compression ignition (CI)-type play a major role in transportation, industrial power generation and in the agricultural area. There is a need to search and find ways of using alternative more fuels, which are preferably renewable and also emit low levels of gaseous and particulate pollutants in internal combustion engines, low emission of waste gases the rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. The present objective of this project is to check various performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine, that whether Jatropha, Thumba and Undi oils can be a possible replacement to current diesel crises. The performance and emission evaluation was conducted on a diesel engine using blends of Jatropha, Thumba, Undi biodiesels and neat preheated Jatropha, Thumba and Undi biodiesels and the taken exhaust gas emissions of NOx, CO, CO2, and HC were analyzed under different load.

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a server side protection from client based HTTP attacks on multilevel proxy. HTTP attacks are continuously sent the threat to the network applications. Attackers create a huge the whole sum of traffic and forces it to the network. This induces significant injury to the victim server. In a computer network client sent an HTTP request to the server for asking application resources through a proxy server. The proxy has protected and monitoring the applications against such HTTP attacks. But the client can access the server through different web proxies to getting application resource. For the reason that considering a proxy to server traffic, proxy have the client information and server knows only the information of proxy. An existing system, finding of attacks is based only the proxy server and client system behavior rather than the actual client user. In such cases, an innocent web proxy or a whole client system may block. So this case may affect the many innocent users on the client system. To avoid this problem, a user based approach is used for finding locality behaviors of the user's system with enhanced http protocol. Proposed a threshold based algorithm (TBAD) with encryption, decryption algorithms for revamp the suspicious request to normal request. This method can protect the quality of service to the legitimate users of client system.

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In these times of globalization, acceptance of technology is quite difficult for people with physical disabilities compared to people with normal abilities. The advancement in mobile based accessible applications has opened up several different avenues for the visually challenged across the globe. Texting, calling, reminder and navigation is important function of any Mobile phone and we know by looking at the facts that usage of a devices like mobile phone has risen all over the world and as a result of this there has been a great level of development and innovation in the field of mobile phone technology. In this paper we evaluate the issues of blind users while using smart phone and for the Differently-able set of humans who may have difficulty in using mobile phone for day to day activities like messaging. This paper will describes the idea called as Blind Eye basically will be an artificial intelligence based human interaction application that assists the visually impaired people in using their basic cell phone functionalities like making a call, sending a text message and assists the blind person to go from one place to another by a two way interaction method using speech as the source of input. Blind Eye will act like a personal assistance for the blind using simple techniques like speech-to-text, and text-to-speech. Also there is a lot of future scope to this system like including responses in different regional languages, and many more features can be added later on. Blind Eye will be supported on smart phone devices specifically android based operating system.

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Cotton seed oil, in its pure form persists some problematic properties which make it impossible to be used as a fuel in the conventional IC engines. Thus, after extraction of the oil, it is Trans-esterified to extract the fatty acids and other unwanted components from the oil. After Trans-esterification, the oil is ready in the form of Bio diesel to be used in the Engine. This Bio diesel, in specific blend with the Conventional diesel, to be tested in the Convention Diesel IC Engine. The testing includes engine performance evaluation and emission testing from zero to full load conditions, step by step. Along with the testing, deep study of the manufacturing process, costing for production of Bio diesel and commercial analysis of usage of biodiesel with respect to its effects on engine performance, specific fuel consumption and emission analysis.

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Data mining plays a role for uncovering new trends in healthcare organization which helpful for all the patient associated with this field. The healthcare environment is still information rich but knowledge poor. In this system the patient searches for the disease according to the symptoms entered by the user. After this it will predict the disease from the database of the system and will suggest a particular disease from the system if available or else no data found. Doctors can also view disease and patient. In this system admin has the major role. The whole system is handle by admin like add no of doctors, add no of diseases according to their symptoms. Admin can view the feedback send by the patient/user.

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Diabetic Retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. It occurs when small blood vessels gets damaged in the retina due to high glucose level. As it progresses the vision of the patient starts deteriorating, leading to diabetic retinopathy. Early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy can prevent vision loss in patients with long term diabetes. Exudates is the major symptom of diabetic retinopathy. It is the first clinically observable symptom indicating diabetic retinopathy. Detecting retinal diseases in early stage helps the ophthalmologists to apply proper treatments which in turn eliminates the disease or decreases the severity level of the disease. In this proposed method automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy is done by detecting the exudates in the retinal images. Here SVM classifier is used to detect the severity level of the disease, which provides the conclusion about whether the patient is moderately affected or severely affected.

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The DC motor has been popular in the industry control area for a long time, because they have many good characteristics, for example: high start torque characteristics, high response performance and easier to be linear control. DC motor has good speed control response, wide speed control range. And it is widely used in speed control systems which need high control requirements, such as rolling mill, double-hulled tanker, high precision digital tools, etc. There is difficulty when using the traditional or conventional method because those methods cannot deal with any application that using complex mathematical model. However, a working knowledge of PID does not require the operator to be familiar with advanced mathematical developments.

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Power systems are interconnected through the long distance tie lines. Transmission line is used to transfer or exchange a large amount of electric power. Due to restriction on building new line, transmission lines of power systems are becoming increasingly stressed. Due to stressed system, power system losing its stability. So for maintaining power system reliability, Security and good performance the rotor angle stability improvement is essential. The paper entitled simulating a model of a complete WSCC9 bus system with PSS (Power System Stabilizer) and TCSC (Thyristor control series capacitor). Generic PSS is used on all three generators. Simulation of complete WSCC9 bus system with generic PSS and TCSC is done in MATLAB (R2012b) software. Fault should not lead to tripping of generating unit due to loss of synchronism. When electrical load is suddenly changes then mechanical power cannot change instantaneously because of its moment of inertia. Therefore, in a small duration generator rotor feels an oscillation that have to be damp. PSS (Power system oscillation) and TCSC (Thyristor controlled series capacitor) controller is used to damp such kind of oscillations in multi machine system. Thus simulation of WSCC9 bus system with PSS and TCSC controller is modelled. Thus one can reduce damping in WSCC9 (western system co-ordinate council) bus system in MATLAB software.

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from the old experiences of few earthquakes, like Bhuj earthquake in India elevated water tanks were heavily harmed or failed. Liquid loads behave very differently to dry loads at the time of earthquake. When the liquid starts to slosh in the tank, it causes huge weight shifts. Elevated water tank must remain functional after earthquake as it is useful to provide water and firefighting system, Therefore it is important to study in detail. This paper presents study of earthquake analysis of elevated water tank for different staging height having the same capacity. It is necessary to have a control system for effectively reducing slosh. The purpose of this study is to know the behavior of liquid under motion or vibration by comparing sloshing frequency numerically, experimentally and by ANSYS. And also to analyze model of water tank with different bracing patterns, staging heights to know the minimum deflections.

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the automobile industry has shown increased interest in the replacement of steel spring with fibre glass composite leaf spring due to high strength to weight ratio. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Weight reduction is also given due importance by automobile manufacturers. The automobile industry has shown increased interest in the use of composite leaf spring in the place of conventional steel leaf spring due to its high strength to weight ratio. The introduction of composite materials has made it possible to reduce the weight of the leaf spring without any reduction in load carrying capacity and stiffness. The objective is to estimate the mode frequency, deflection and stress in the leaf spring of most commonly used light commercial vehicle Tata magic. First the modal analysis is performed to determine the mode shapes and natural frequencies, stress and deflection analysis is carried out to determine the von-misses stresses and deflection when steel leaves are replaced by fibrous composite leaves. Leaf spring will modelled in ANSYS. The conventional steel leaf spring and the composite leaf spring will be analyzed under similar conditions using ANSYS software and the results are presented.

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Hydraulic systems are generally encountered in various engineering applications. Hydraulic cylinders are very common components of the hydraulic systems used in many engineering applications like; power transmitting device, hydraulic breaking systems etc. The vibrations produced under dynamic conditions affect many important design parameters such as strength, production costs, productivity. Under this title we study, the modal and structural analysis of a double acting hydraulic cylinder subjected to dynamic loads. Computer aided engineering (CAE) procedures are used to analyse the dynamic response of the cylinder walls. The finite element methods used in the analysis are applied by a computer aided design and analysis software ANSYS. The studies on the moving load are extended to the hydraulic cylinder .The finite element model of the cylinder is created. The numerical solution presents first five mode shapes and corresponding frequencies. The main objective of this research work is to study the effect of mechanical properties of materials on mode shape of double acting cylinder. Material mechanical properties play an important role for evaluation of frequency, deformation, and stress and strain. Free vibration study was performed for the vibration response study of double acting cylinder. The free vibration study of cylinder was performed using finite element simulation. The vibration response for all materials shows the variation of natural frequency in Hz and various vibrations mode five modes were studied. The used material is steel, Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), S glass epoxy (fiber glass composite) and E glass epoxy.

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the civil engineering community is becoming highly interested in the monitoring of the structural behaviour and response of the structure to the external loads. The monitoring of the structure is done by using variety of sensors like strain gauge, thermocouple, etc., The latest advancement in the health monitoring field is the invention of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor which is resistive to electromagnetic induction, corrosion, etc., In this paper it is aimed at to describe the application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensor in health monitoring of the structure by embedding them on the structure. The main aspects dealt in this paper are the application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensor in monitoring of corrosion, monitoring of bridges and monitoring of interfacial strain in the repaired and rehabilitated structures.

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X-ray K-absorption spectroscopic studies have been carried out on two copper (II) mixed-ligand complexes .The complexes are: [Cu(L2)2](CH3COO)2 and [Cu2(L3)2(H2O)8](CH3COO)2. The ligand L2=(P-methyl anilino)- P-methoxy phenyl acetonitrile and L3 =(P-methoxy anilino)-P- methoxy phenyl acetonitrile were synthesized. The two ligands were prepared by Strecker's procedure which included the reaction of p-methoxybenzaldehyde with p-toluidine and p-anisidine respectively. XANES spectra have been recorded at the K-edge of Cu using the dispersive beam line at 2.5GeV Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source RRCAT(Raja Ramanna Center for Advance Technology ), Indore, India. Various X-ray absorption parameters e.g., chemical shift, edge-width and shift of the principal absorption maximum have been obtained in the present study. The studies establish significant correlation between various parameters for these complexes. XANES data have been analysed using the computer software Origin 6.0 professional and Athena.

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This paper studies an electrical phenomenon (PV)-module embedded power-electronics topology derived from electric battery equalizer. The planned topology eliminates the multiple most electric outlet peaks common to partial shading in PV modules. The topology will therefore by equalizing the general energy of the PV module through the utilization of only 1 inductive storage element. A theoretical study is dole out to explain the physical equations of the topology. Supported it, an image is intended and built. It's tested with a part shaded PV module, raising its power output by nearly four-hundredth at the best. The results area unit compared to similar topologies dedicated to mitigate partial shading in PV applications.

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