in this work shows the procedure for preparing Nanofluids which is a suspension consisting of Copper oxide (CuO) and Ethylene Glycol added to Distill water with different ratios as a base fluid. There are eight samples are prepared to conduct the experiments (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 25:75, 15:85) and measured the Thermo physical properties of the Nanofluids such as viscosity, Density, thermal conductivity and PH Value of the nanofluids. Further, we illustrate the SEM images for nanoparticle dispersion the experiment was conducted on the situation of nanofluids flow through the heat exchanger and determined the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The practical design of heat exchanging system designed in ANSYS and determined the various values of the heat exchanger performance. We made the comparison between the experimental value and determined value from the Ansys. Finally concluded as which samples were conducted a more heat transfer and it is suitable for heat transfer application.

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In power transmission system gearing is the most critical component. There are various types of gear tooth failures such tooth breakage due to load attention along the tooth length, tooth wear results in the failure of the teeth, fatigue failure of the surface layers of the gear teeth is the most serious kind of tooth damage. This project is related to gear failure in induced draft fan gear box due to fatigue at DULOCOS CONVEYORS AND MOULDS PVT.LTD. The gear is failing prematurely. The life of the gear in the ID fan gear box is less than one month. There is a need to design a gear for fatigue failure to increase the gears life. In this paper, we demonstrate the FEA results of modified ID gear box.

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Automated Fare Collection and Estimation of Journey Using Spatial Validation Project is a real time project which is useful for the passengers who are facing problems with the current manual work of bus pass registration and renewal. It also increases the validity period, frequently notifies to the passengers before completion of his/her validity period by sending short message service or mails. His /Her Renewal or Registration can be done using email Id and Phone number and using credit card for paying money. Application will help people to save their time and renewal the bus passes without standing in a line for hours near counters. It also increases the validity period, and save time of passenger. In this paper, the proposed transport reservation framework was created utilizing Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Structure Query Language (SQL), Ajax, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and JavaScript.

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Electric power distribution system is a significant part of electrical power systems in rescue of electricity to customers. Automation in the distribution field allows utilities to realize flexible control of distribution systems, which can be use to improve efficiency, reliability, and quality of electric facility. By the help of this paper we present a model of automatic distribution system. In any substation when numbers of incoming feeders to any substation are more than one then we can transfer total output feeder to any number of incoming feeder without interrupting power supply in case of failure of any one or more than feeder. In this case, Incoming feeder must be design to carry total output feeder's current. In case of manual ON/OFF operations the time span between failures of supply at any incoming feeder to the transfer of load to another feeder is much more. So user can't get reliable power supply. So in this project I am working to get automatic operations of circuit breaker using Programmable Logic Control system. In this project, the bus coupler and circuit breaker of output feeder are Made ON/OFF by Programmable Logic Control system. Programmable Logic Control programming will be so that it will detect the failure of any incoming feeder and respectively the output feeders (circuit breakers) will operate.

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The hub confinement issue in portable sensor systems has gotten huge consideration. As of late, molecule channels adjusted from apply autonomy have delivered great limitation correctnesses in customary settings. Disregarding these victories, condition of the art arrangements endure fundamentally when utilized as a part of testing indoor and versatile situations portrayed by a high level of radio flag inconsistency. New arrangements are expected to address these difficulties. We propose a fluffy rationale based approach for versatile hub restriction in testing conditions. Confinement is figured as a fluffy multilateration issue. For scanty systems with couple of accessible grapples, we propose a fluffy network expectation plot. The fluffy rationale based limitation plan is actualized in a test system and contrasted with best in class arrangements. Broad reenactment comes about exhibit upgrades in the restriction precision from 20 to 40 percent when the radio inconsistency is high. An equipment execution running on Epic bits and transported by iRobot portable hosts affirms reproduction comes about and stretches out them to this present reality.

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A dual band band pass filter (BPF) using Split ring resonators has been designed and analyzed in this paper. In this filter, there are two section either open/short circuited Stepped Impedance Resonators (SIRs) are coupled in parallel with Uniform-impedance Resonator Ring as the basic filter block. The proposed circuit is classified into different parallel parts, the proper coupling between two SIRs and Ring resonators results in a band. Thus, there appears a reflection zero in each pass band and three transmission zeros appears both side of the desired pass band to improve the out-of-band rejection.

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The one of the most important part of a solar collector system is the solar tank. The solar collectors work daytime only, and its power depends on the weather. The hot water consumption in family houses is generally bigger in the evening and in the morning, so it is necessary to store the utilized energy. The collectors transform but not store the solar energy. The storage is necessary to accomplish in a heat-insulated tank, placed in tempered space. According the current architectural tendencies the boiler rooms are smaller, so the putting of the currently available solar tanks is very difficult. It is necessary to store the energy in a little space. The solution of the problem is the solar tank particularly filled with phase change material. This tank has smaller dimensions and bigger heat capacity than the conventional tanks. The other important advantage of a PCM solar tank is the possibility of the operating of the collectors at lower temperature. It could result a higher efficiency of the solar collector system. The storage system consists of two simultaneously functioning heat-absorbing units. One of them is a solar water heater and the other a heat storage unit consists of PCM. The solar water heater functions normally and supplies hot water during the day. The storage unit stores the heat in PCM.s during the day and supplies hot water during the night and overcast periods. The storage unit utilizes small cylinders made of filled with paraffin (PCM) as the heat storage medium and integrated with a solar collector to absorb solar energy. The performance of this PCM based thermal energy storage system is compared with conventional sensible heat storage system and the conclusions drawn from them are presented.

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This is based on survey of identification of classification of solar powered grass cutter. The solar grass cutter is a fully automated grass cutting robotic vehicle powered by solar energy that also avoids obstacles and is capable of fully automated grass cutting without the need of any human efforts. The system operated on 12V battery to power the vehicle and movement of motors as well as the grass cutter motor. We are also use a solar panel to charge the battery so that there is no need to charge the battery hence there is no need of charging it externally. The grass cutter and vehicle motors are interfaced to a PIC18F4550 that controls the working of all the motors. It is also interfaced to an obstacle sensor for object detection. The micro-controller continually moves the vehicle motors in forward direction in case no obstacle is detected. On obstacle detection the obstacle sensor monitors it and the micro-controller thus stops the grass cutter to avoid any damage to the object. Micro-controller then turns the robotic movement as long as it gets clear of the object and then turns the grass cutter in forward direction again.

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River Tungabhadra flowing near Harihar taluk in Karnataka (India), receives waste water discharges from villages on the bank of River and also waste water discharges from industries located in Harihar. The present study involves the implementation of QUAL2KW model to determine the water quality status of this polluted stretch of River. The River samples are collected for post monsoon and lab results are used for calibrating the model. Predicted values of the model are approximately in match with the observed values. Model results for post-monsoons indicate decreasing quality of water from upstream to downstream for the selected segment. . This is because of discharge of domestic waste water from Rajanahalli, Halasabalu and Nalawagal into River, agricultural surface runoff during rain and also due to release of waste water from industries located on banks of River in Harihar. Since many water quality parameters are exceeding their limits, water in this segment is not fit for drinking.

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This research proposes a replacement of existing pallet of material FG300 used in RNA200 HMC machine. The existing pallet is of FG300 material which has machining problems due to its hardness and complicated microstructure. This research paper has an attempt to optimize existing pallet regarding its design and material. This paper focuses on removal of machining and geometrical complexity. Our effort is to use SG350/22 material for modified pallet with optimized design. The main purpose of work on the design and weight optimization of pallet by changing the existing geometry of pallet. Structural static analysis of the present and modified pallet will be carried out with finite element software and results will be compared for deflection and stresses.

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The vortex generators are useful devices to enhance the heat transfer and thermal performance of fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Turbulators or vortex generators will produce a change in structure of fluid flow which will helps in augmenting the heat transfer rate and also the thermal enhancement factor. Numerical investigation method is adopted to study the effects of wings on the heat exchanger performance in order to reduce the cost. The results are shown that the use of the punched delta wings in the parallel plate-and-oval-tube heat exchanger leads to an enhancement in heat transfer and friction loss as compared to the plain-fin for all cases (Nu/Nu0 higher than 1). The punched delta wings create the vortex flows between parallel plates that helps enhance the strength of the impinging flow on the tube walls. To enhance the thermal performance of the heat exchanger, impingement of the flowing fluid is an important factor.

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This paper presents the numerical investigation of shear resistance of headed shear connector using four different standard code with the analytic expressions for determination of shear resistance of headed shear connectors in steel concrete composite beams. The strength of the shear connectors had been reviewed in addition to a comparison of four standard codes of the headed shear connectors.

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The Automated training and placement system (TPS) is mainly intended for automating existing procedure that can help the people who belong to the Training & Placement cell by saving their time, based on this basic operation actually their activity is under two steps the first one is to maintain the list of students and their placement records and the second job is to maintain the company details based on the company requirements. There is need to select the students and make the list of students branch wise, which is more complex task .This can be automated in our proposed system by providing Newsfeed of notices. The proposed system is advantageous than the existing one in many cases, such as retrieving the student details is easy and maintained in a manner that with just one touch we can easily attain the details of the company such as the responsible person contacts, company contact details, company placement schedule and previous placement results. The ID numbers of students will be added by administrator and same will be referred while registering new student. Every user will be able to update self-details in the system. The notices can be generated by company, so that all the students will be notified about campus recruitment drives.

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One of the basic building material is brick which is used as a unit in construction of walls of a building. Now-a-days there are various types of bricks used in construction like Fired clay brick, Fly ash brick, Hollow block, Solid block etc. The most commonly used bricks are Fired clay bricks which contain silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide and magnesia in definite proportions. Due to limited availability of natural resources and rapid urbanization, there is a shortfall of conventional building construction materials. On the other hand, energy consumed for the production of conventional building materials pollutes air, water and land. To overcome this problem we done an experimental research to replace natural resources with the waste unmanaged construction and demolition waste. Masonry Debris can be utilized to produce a new green brick to save the natural resources. Trial bricks of size (230×100×60) mm were tested with different proportions of Masonry Debris replacing M-Sand by 10%, 15%, and 25% by overall weight with a constant percent of Fly ash.

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Email is a method of exchanging digital messages between people using digital devices and the problem of receiving spam messages is faced by most email users. Recipients of spam often have had their email addresses obtained by spambots which are automated programs that crawl the internet looking for email addresses. Origin blacklisting is used to detect and filter these kinds of emails. The sources of emails are provided by origin detection. In this existing approach, the spam blocking system finds the source and if any source matches with the user identity, the spammer is blocked to send email. However, the system cannot check the contents of spam. The proposed system verifies the mail contents and if the spam content matches with the spam database cluster, then it blocked while sending to receiver. The porter stemmer and k-means clustering algorithms are used in this proposed system to block the spam and prevent the flow of data in the network.

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This paper explains the process of environmental attack on steel and shows that there is no problem of durability of steel structures in India or abroad, if proper protective measures are employed. High performance paints/coatings are now available to be applied after proper surface preparation for providing durable life. There are number of examples of structures built in steel more than 100 years ago being in use even today .This clearly indicates that durability can be ensured if properly designed, constructed and maintained. The properly protected steel buildings are very durable, without facing any corrosion. Even exposed steel structures such as bridges have served more than a century, still going strong in service. Concern about durability of steel structures is unwarranted as long as attention is paid to detailing and providing suitable corrosion protection measures at the design stage itself.

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Real estate is a multifaceted business process, such activities that, existing buildings to the purchase of land and the sale of land. This application provides the information of single particular builder and their all site details. Also for better performance, we provide the facility of area-wise search of that builder sites. The major advantage of application is it provides enquiry option to get more details for buyer. This application enables the users to find the site according to buyer needs and requirements with efficiency.

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Agriculture plays vital role in the development of agricultural country. In India about 70% of population depends upon farming and one third of the nation’s capital comes from farming. This research aims to design a smart greenhouse. It’s objective is the farming can be done using various new technologies to yield higher growth of crops and their more production.

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This paper proposes a spatially adaptive statistical model for wavelet image coefficients in order to perform image de-noising. The wavelet coefficients are modeled as zero-mean Gaussian random variables with high local correlation. This model is developed in a Bayesian framework, where a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator evaluates the variance of the blocks to which the wavelet subbands have been segmented. Then, applying the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation procedure, the original or de-noised wavelet image coefficients are estimated. The reliable estimation of local variance is performed by making the assumption that variance is locally smooth. The validity of this assumption is boosted by segmenting the wavelet subbands into blocks of variable size. The segmentation employs quad-tree decomposition of the image and a linear transfer of the resulted tree on the wavelet subbands. This decomposition identifies object boundaries and defines more accurately the regions of smooth variance instead of dividing them in to blocks of fixed size. The extensive experimental evaluation, shows that the proposed scheme demonstrates very good performance as far as PSNR measures and visual quality are concerned with respect to others state of the art de-noising schemes.

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Todays world has lots of devices to fulfill many things effortlessly such as taking photos, but nearly each one wants to preserve this photos also sometimes it requires to repair or reconstruct the damaged images then we require image inpainting techniques, Image Inpainting is the method of restoring lost part of an image and repairing them based on the background information. This has to be done in such way that it can’t be seen by naked eye. Images Inpainting is a set of techniques for making unnotifiable modifications to images. Use of image inpainting cover the object removal from a scene by repairing a damaged painting or photo. For photography and film, inpainting can be used to reverse deterioration or to add or remove elements from photographs. In both cases, the aim is to refill the damaged portion of the image in a visually plausible way and the new image has as similar as the original image and one will not able to differentiate between original image and the newly produced image.

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This project deals with the study of Cellular lightweight concrete using Fly ash as a full replacement for fine aggregate. Foamed concrete is a type of aerated light weight concrete which does not contain coarse aggregate. Cellular light weight concrete with wide range of concrete densities (600kg/m3, 900kg/m3) was studied. In this project, Synthetic based foaming agent is used to produce uniformly distributed air voids in concrete thus making the concrete light in weight. Here 4 cubes, 3 cylinders, 1 beam were casted for each of the two different densities. Thus the results are discussed elaborately with respect to Dry density, Water absorption, specific strength, Fire resistance in addition to Compressive strength and Split tensile strength. Finally Cost comparison between Foamed concrete and Conventional concrete is carried out to determine the economy of construction. This study also aims to provide information about the possible applications of cellular light weight concrete in construction industry today.

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Incremental sheet metal forming (ISF) is a new innovative and feasible solution for rapid prototyping and the manufacturing of small batch sheet parts. The requiring equipment’s for SPIF process includes a hemispherical forming tool and fixture to hold a forming sheet. The forming tool is moved along a predefined tool path and final shape of product is formed using numerical controlled technology. SPIF process is performed by using aluminum alloy sheet. Aluminum sheet has important industrial applications with a high ratio of weight/strength. This is one of the most important factors in aluminum alloy selection. In the present study, experiments are conducted to analyses the formability comparison of AA7075 and AA2024. In these work comparisons is done between aluminum alloy 2024 & 7075 to determine which one has the better formability and surface roughness. The forming forces are measured using force sensor which is connected with the computer numerical control machine. From this investigation, it is found that better formability is found in AA7075 as compared to AA2024. An experimental result shows that surface roughness of AA7075 is better as compared to AA2024. The limits of the proposed model are also identified and the potential of future improvements are also suggested to compare other aluminum alloys.

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In most of the countries human hair is considered as a waste material as there is no such use of this anywhere in such a huge quantity but also there are some useful properties which the human hair contains and this paper is a review of those properties and the various effcts which it leaves on different materials and it also represent that we can make this waste useful by using it’s various properties which is going to be discussed in details further and make this material very much useful in numerous aspects as in the field of material construction, agriculture, pollution control and in various medical applications. The study will prove the usefulness and versatility of the material and the areas where it can be used without any difficulty and with quite easier way without causing any harmful effects on the nature and the atmosphere as well.

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This paper is based on real time monitoring of cyber physical systems that includes environmental conditions like air and sound pollution. Efficient systems using IOT is designed to completely handle the social issue. Since pollution has become growing issue these days, monitoring of air quality must be done to avoid various diseases and inconvenience. Iot is used for reducing the cost of hardware by half than before. Iot reduces human effort and make it easy for transmitting the information. It will help in the detecting the threshold level of pollution to take necessary actions by authority.

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The water wastage in urban area due to operational error causes water shortage in some area.so to distribute water equally and avoiding water wastage crisis this system is implemented. The automation takes place an important role in smart city concept, where we require an intelligent operating system.

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