this paper is based on RFID technology, the RFID system uses RFID tag and RFID reader which collects information of vehicle passing through the toll plaza and automatically debits the toll amount from prepaid account of vehicle owner, which in return reduces the traffic congestion and human errors. The proposed RFID system uses tags that are mounted on the windshields of vehicles, through which information embedded on the tags are read by RFID readers, this system eliminates the need for motorists and toll authorities to manually perform ticket payments and toll fee collections, respectively.

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concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. Anyway, the production of the Portland cement (PC) as a necessary constituent of concrete can basically lead to the dangerous impacts on our environment by such as releasing the consequential amount of CO2 that is one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. The emission CO2 level for PC is cited as nearly one ton per ton. It means that production of one ton of PC can lead to produce about one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Decreasing in use of PC and its replacement with industrial waste products as cement partial replacement will have positive effect on environmental, social and economic aspects of each society which are essential in Sustainable Development (SD). The purpose of this paper is to review on the specifications, production method and the degree of effectiveness of some industrial byproducts such as GGBS, and Fly Ash as the cement replacement in achieving high strength and sustainable concrete which can lead to not only improving the strength of the concrete but also reduction of ECO2 by reducing the amount of PC, and that how they can affect in cheap, environmental and social aspects positively. Most of the fly ash is considered as waste, vacant in landfills and GGBS exhibits cementitious as well as pozzolanic uniqueness so it is quite right in choosing of fly ash and GGBS for concrete mix.

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Transportation becomes very difficult in cities like Mumbai. The public transports, especially buses are developing around the world. Such public transports reduce the usage of private vehicles thus reducing fuel consumption and mollifying traffic congestion. The problem with buses is that the commuters do not know the complete information namely the number of buses that go to the required destination, bus numbers, bus timings, the routes through which the bus would pass, time taken for the bus to reach, maps that would guide the passenger with his/her route and most importantly, track the current location of the bus and give the correct time for the bus to reach its bus stop. This leads to waiting for buses for unknown time as the commuters are not aware at what time exactly the bus is to arrive. The approximate arrival time of buses is known but there may be delay in arrival due to traffic. Seeing that people started avoiding public transports and started using private vehicles, many applications were developed; but these applications were unable to mitigate the problems. Some applications provided only the arrival time and departure time of buses at their source and destination. Some of them, provided time-tables, but even they were not accurate as they did not consider the delay due to unpredictable factors like – traffic, harsh weather situation, etc. the time-tables were not timely updated thus leading to waiting for buses. And due to all these reasons commuters opt for different alternatives to ally their problems. The proposed system deals with overcoming the problems stated above. The system is an Android application that gives necessary information about all the City-Buses travelling in Mumbai.

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Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is welding process of joining different materials with high quality weld bead by electric arc generation between non consumable electrode and work piece under a shielding gas. It is used to weld ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It is also known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. This process imply several advantages like low heat effected zone, joining of unlike metals, absence of slag, high heat concentration etc compared to other welding process. The TIG welding parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of welding. Plenty of the problems that are obstructing to achieve good weld quality can be avoided by proper consideration of the particular characteristics and requirements of the process. TIG Welding performance is mostly evaluated based on Tensile Strength of the weld, Weld bead Geometry, Hardness, Depth of Penetration and Width–to-Depth ratio Also known as Aspect ratio. In the present study, we discuss the influence of the different welding parameters such as welding speed, power source, type of current, shielding gas flow rate, electrodes, filer wire, Electrode gap and types of shielding gases which fits best to determine arc stability, arc penetration and defect free welds. Various approaches are proposed in the literature to achieve the solution related with optimization of these parameters. This has been carried out by doing literature survey on the effective point of view which helps to compare their main features and to choose the most suitable approach for a specified application.

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the continuous use of sand from river beds leds to an environmental problem. The production of cement leads to the emission of a vast amount of greenhouse gases, forcing researchers to look for an alternative. The possibility of use of quarry dust and pond ash as a suitable replacement of fine aggregate and cement in concrete respectively is explored in this study. It has been estimated that 20% of rock comes out as dust during crushing from quarry site. In the thermal power station the ash which is fall at the bottom of boiler is mixed with water and then it is carried away from plant through pipes and finally dumped on open land. After evaporation whatever ash remains is called pond ash. The need to develop concrete with non-conventional aggregates is urgent for environmental as well as economic reasons. Here fine aggregate is partially replaced with quarry dust by 20%, 35%, and 50%. Along with that the cement is also partially substituted with Pond ash by 5% and 10%.Hence, there are seven batch mixes including conventional one. In this study the following tests will be done: (1) Compression test (2) Split tensile test (3) Flexural test.

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This study represents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Jagnath area in Rajkot city. A total of ten shopping centers were surveyed, for which the number of people and vehicles entering and leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval is measured. Based on the surveyed data and photographs, the model relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of physical features of shopping center, e.g. total parking space, total floor area and the number of stores in the shopping center. These models are useful for estimating the traffic volume to/from a new shopping center which, is being planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of roadways in the surrounding area. This model can serve as an alternative to the ITE trip generation manual (1997).

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In cloud storage utility, the de-duplication technique is frequently used to degrade the storage and bandwidth by eliminating duplicate data and storing just one copy of it. Convergent encryption has been affirmed to perform secure encrypted de-duplication in the mix user scenario. De-duplication is extremely helpful when there are many numbers of users stores the similar kind of data to the cloud storage, but the problem arises when it comes to security. Thus, security has been amended in the purpose system. To make data management scalable in cloud computing, De-duplication has been a well-known technique for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data in storage. The technique is used to improve storage utilization and can also be applied to network data transfers to reduce the number of bytes that must be sent. As opposed to keeping various data copies with a comparative substance, De-duplication takes out overabundance data by keeping only a solitary physical copy and implying other dull data to that copy. De-duplication can take place at either the file level or the block level. For file level De-duplication, it eliminates duplicate copies of the same file. De-duplication can also take place at the block level, which eliminates duplicate blocks of data that occur in non-identical files and has attracted more and more attention recently. Data De-duplication is a specialized data compression.

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This paper describes about capsule technology in medical field. Capsule endoscope is a device which allows the physician to visualize GI tract. Diagnosis and therapy plays an important role in medical field. This device consists of camera and sensors for real-time visualization of GI tract. Sensors such as thermistor and flow sensor used to sense temperature and blood flow rate in GI tract. By using projectile motion and switching circuits along with motors, targeted drug delivery is achieved. Gastrointestinal wireless capsule endoscope has been designed and demonstrated with the help of electronics. In near future, this technology can extend to tissue sampling and this can implemented using nanotechnology.

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The demand over the fuels through fossils has been increased dramatically due to the over usage and increase in the automobiles and other commercials and the various environmental degradation through the exhaust gases from the fossil fuel engines has been increased a lot. Hence there is in a need of various alternative sources of energy namely electrical energy, hydrogen fuels and biodiesels since biodiesels are obtained from the waste vegetable oils and the plants hence there is a huge future in the usage of the biodiesels. The biodiesels are produced from various methods they are transesterification , sublimation and pyrolysis ,various researches has been done on the biodiesels throughout the year but there is few works that is based on the usage of the cashew nut (annacardium occidentale) as the biodiesel here is the various blend of the biodiesel with the original diesel .Here is the various experiments on various blends that carried on a Kriloskar make four stroke, single cylinder engine, air cooled diesel engine to analyse Combustion ,performance and emission characteristics of the blends at the various engine loads with constant speed of 1500 rpm. As per the results the specific fuel consumption of the B20 and B80 is decreased when compared to the pure diesel and brake thermal efficiency of the blend also increased comparatively.

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Cryptography is a technique used for encryption of data (pictures, text, etc.) which involves key to decrypt the data encrypted which can only be done by desired recipient. It depends on type of key used to decrypt it that is private or public key. It was created for security purpose, but the key used in this can act as a major loophole sometimes. To overcome this, there is a technique called visual cryptography which does not use key. It can only be decrypted by human eye. In this paper proposed information is about visual cryptography methods and schemes.

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Urbanization is the most important features of modern civilization. Due to increasing the population, the demand of transportation is also increasing from the last few decades. In the last few years, sustainability has attained a popular place in the transportation planning. It means that ‘development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future needs.’ Sustainable transport system allows accessibility, mobility and development needs of individuals, society to be meeting safely and in a manner consistent with ecosystem health and encourage the equity between successive generations. For the sustainable growth of transportation, problems or performance of system is studied to using the questionnaire survey with random sample for measuring the commuter’s responses towards the transportation system.

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The idea to make something useful for the human-machine interaction has led us to the Gesture Recognition System. Since, human-machine interaction is one of the most emerging and trending technologies these days, the idea of creating an accurate gesture recognition system was formed. The system focuses on creative communication between machine and person, and also provides some functionality to do the basic required actions and use the intricate function of our hands to interact with the machine in an immersive way. After connecting device to the machine/computer, the device is switched on and the user can use the device as an input peripheral.

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This paper introduces an exploratory examination on the properties of Polypropylene fiber fortified cement with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Pozzolanic filler. Concrete made with Portland bond has certain attributes: it is generally solid in• pressure yet feeble in strain and has a tendency to be weak. These two shortcomings have restricted its utilization. Another central shortcoming of cement is that breaks begin to shape when cement is put and before it has legitimately solidified. These breaks are real reason for shortcoming in cement especially in extensive on location applications prompting resulting crack and disappointment and general absence of sturdiness. The shortcoming in strain can be overcome by the utilization of customary pole fortification and to some degree by the consideration of an adequate volume of specific filaments. In the present examination, a possibility study is made to utilize Rice Husk Ash as an admixture to as of now somewhat supplanted bond with Rice Husk Ash (Portland Pozzolana Cement) in Concrete, and an endeavor has been made to research the quality parameters of cement. For control cement, IS strategy for blend configuration is received and looking at this as a premise, blend outline for halfway substitution technique has been made. Three distinctive substitution levels specifically 10%, 20% and 30% are decided for the review worry to incomplete substitution technique. Substantial scope of curing periods beginning from 3days, 28days are considered in the present review. The RHA was obtained from a rice paddy processing industry in Nagapattinam. Compressive quality, flexural quality and split elasticity tests were Performed and the outcomes demonstrated that expansion of RHA and additionally fiber had incredible impact on solid properties.

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Drought assessment is very important to manage water resources in lean period. It plays vital role in managing water demands specially in agriculture sector. Present approach for assessment of drought is accomplished by use of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Rainfall deciles, which are fully based on monthly rainfall data. Presently Drin C (Drought indices calculator) is used for determining SPI and Rainfall deciles. SPI has been proposed to monitor dryness and wetness on multiple time scales (McKee, 1993). Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Rainfall deciles are used to assess the drought in Khedbrahma region of Gujarat. Monthly rainfall data for the years 1968 to 2010 is considered. SPI 3, SPI 4, SPI 5 and SPI 6 values are determined and analysis is carried out for the slope of the trendline for drought condition. Rainfall deciles are used to check the severity of drought. In present approach SPI 3, SPI 4, SPI 5 and SPI 6 values are determined for 4 decades, i.e. 1970 to 1979, 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009. The trendline for each decade are analysed and the Severity of drought are assessed for each decade.

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General construction contractors develop bidding strategies to guide them in determining what jobs to bid and how to bid those jobs. The objectives of this paper are to identify the market conditioned lasted factors that the contractors consider when devising their bidding strategies and determine how they vary their bidding strategies based on those factors. Companies must have the capability to deal with various bidding situations successfully in today’s highly competitive construction market. The first step that the companies need to consider is whether to bid or not to bid when they received a tender invitation. The contractors‟ decision is affected by various factors and influences. This decision is highly reliant to the specific project and the macro environment. It is difficult to make this crucial decision in a short time frame by the management team.

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Friction welded joints are formed in the solid state by the heat generated by friction. As the technological advancements take place on daily bases the advancements in automobiles are not out of the race. Any form of boosting for engine power leads to increased temperatures and pressures in the combustion chamber, and much higher exhaust gas temperatures. The exhaust valve, which already has much higher temperatures to deal with than the inlet valve in a naturally aspirated engine, will see its temperature increase still further. So bi-metal valves made of Inconel 718 and SS 304 are under development. Exhaust valves are required to be very precise. They are produced by friction welding. The objective of the following study is to study the effects of the parameters on the Tensile strength of friction welded taper Inconel 718 and flat SS 304 for production of Bi-metal Valve. The study here discuses the use of Design of Experiments by Taguchi Method. Here Orthogonal Array of L27 is used. Using ANOVA effects on the Ultimate Tensile strenght of welding by Welding Parameters (Rotational Speed, Friction Pressure and Time) are analyzed using MINITAB 17.

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Steel is by far most useful material for building construction and in last decades steel structure has played an important role in construction industry. Presented in this paper is review of the nonlinear static pushover analysis method. It is necessary to design a structure to perform well under seismic loads. To model the behavior of steel structure analytically in its non-linear zone is difficult. Push over analysis explicitly evaluates how a structure is likely to perform, given the potential hazard it is likely to experience, considering uncertainties response. It is necessary to design a structure to perform well under seismic loads. In this study non-linear analysis is carried out for high rise steel frame building with different bracing configuration. Steel braced frame is one of the structural systems used to resist lateral deflection of the structures. In this project a steel building model is taken, this model is compared in different aspects such as different type of bracing system. Present study is based on the collection of pushover analysis (nonlinear static analysis) of steel structure with different type of Bracing system. In This paper we concentrate on the analysis of different type of Bracings K bracing at corner, X bracing, V and more Concentric and eccentric Bracing with help of SAP2000.

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As far as when we talk about the mechanical properties and to make better objects, we cannot forget about tribological properties. It is a very important and vast field to study about. Here in this work, more focus is on tribological properties especially friction force and wear rate. The focus was to analyse these two properties especially for coated material, Alloy Steel 20mncr5 can be coated with Hard Chrome. The coating can be done with Electroplating Process. The thin but micro coating can be applied on the material and can be sent to analyse the tribological testing with help of Pin on Disc meter. Here in this work, the Load on Pin and RPM are selected as input parameters and coefficient of friction and wear rate is selected as output parameters. The expected outcomes for this work are reduction in coefficient of friction value and wear rate.

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Making and using of a sustainable concrete has become an important requirement day by day. To reduce the environmental effect, several of supplementary cementing and pozzolanic materials and mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures are introduced and they are partial replacement of cement in the concrete. This paper reports the results of Fresh and Hardened properties of the concrete with partial replacement of Partial replacement of Rice-husk-ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%& 20%).The test results indicate that rice-husk-ash is an effective mineral admixture, with 10% as the optimal replacement ratio of cement.

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the advancement in technology is increasing day by day and still requires new inventions to make life of people much easier and as engineers it’s our prime duty to develop new technology to enhance the living standard. Every day, we hear about the smart technologies such as smart TV, a smart car etc., so why not smart shoe? Many people suffer from serious visual disability which is preventing them from working independently. Accordingly they require a tool of wide range which helps to make them independent. Smart shoe is simple and better option to help the blind in their orientation and train them to move on their own independently and safely depending on the other remaining senses. This project presents a prototype model and a system concept to provide smart electronic aid for blind people. This system consists of Ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller and a wireless headphone. The project aims to develop an electronic kit to help blind people obstacle free path. If an obstacle comes in the path, an indication would be relayed by one ultrasonic sensor placed inside the shoe; this unit would take the instruction through the microcontroller, which will generate a sound in wireless headphone. A 9V dc battery is also installed in the shoe which gives supply to the circuit.

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Speech is one of the fundamental means of communication. However noise free speech is never possible in the real world. It is always accompanied by the background noise and thus speech enhancement has been a long standing problem in signal processing .Speech enhancement algorithms are important components in many systems where speech plays a part, including telephony, hearing aids, voice over IP, and automatic speech recognizers. Speech enhancement is generally concerned with the problem of enhancing the quality of speech signals. Till date there have been various approaches for speech enhancement. In this paper, we provide the subjective description of this approaches.

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Most of the research work summarized aims at reducing oxides of Sulphur (SOx) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).A major effort has been devoted in reducing one type of pollutants or a mixture of pollutants. The approaches are designed either to reduce the total production of emissions or to reduce the concentration of pollution at ground level at certain areas which depends on both emissions and meteorological factors. In this chapter a PSO algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal dispatch of generators, such that total fuel cost incurred and emissions are reduced. This algorithm has been tested on IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 57 bus system and the results obtained are comparable to that of conventional method.

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Value engineering is an organized technique to reduce the cost of a product without compromising with its quality, reliability, and performance. A case study is taken to show that implementation of value engineering has capability to bring down the cost of the project without affecting their basic function of providing shelter to the end user. This paper introduce application of different value engineering techniques in a residential building and observe outcomes of it. Different VE techniques like VE job plan, FAST diagram, evaluation matrix has been used in this research and better alternatives are recommended.

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the world is becoming more enthusiastic about exploring the Automobile. Researchers all over the world are developing new technologies every single day that can help us to look far beyond in Automobile. We require devices which can help us to look faraway objects in Automobile. The idea of Fuel vaporizer has been around for many year. There had to be a way to get a Fuel vapor and air mix into place, for combustion, in converted steam engines. There are over 650 version of fuel vaporizer on the books. We all know that vaporizer in many variations, but have the design and development that if the speed of the engine is increased, the specific consumption is also increases. A fuel vaporizer unit for HCCI Engine includes a heat exchange medium. Vaporizer enclosure is provided with an electric Heater for heating the heat exchange medium during cold weather to assist in heating the fuel vaporizer to the time the engine reaches operating temperature. After Design the fuel vaporizer, we are analyzing to the CFD analysis of Fuel vaporizer, so the use of the fuel vaporizer according to the design, a quick & through combustion is attains & this at high speed as well. This system can there by improve fuel Economy & reduced Emissions over Vehicle Operating Entirely from Liquid Fuel. This system also offers improved safety by not allowing Fuel vapor & Fresh air to mix prior to entering the intake manifold of the engine.

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structures are never perfectly irregular and hence the designers and engineers need to evaluate the effect of irregularity on a structure during an earthquake. Structural irregularity may due to non-uniform distribution of mass, stiffness, strength or due to their structural form. This paper quantify and compare the effect of vertical stiffness irregularity of hexagrid and conventional structural system with irregular plan. Hexagrid is an innovative structural system for effective lateral load resistance. The understanding of response of these structural systems is a matter of concern when they are in earthquake prone areas. The comparison is made in terms of storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear and time period.

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