Copper oxide is a particularly interesting material because it presents photovoltaic, electrochemical and catalytic properties. Its unique properties are very important in the area of nanotechnology and may be an advantage in the manufacture of solar cells, nanosensors Copper Oxide is an extensively studied group II-VI semiconductor with optical properties. It exhibits a wide variety of morphologies in the nano regime that can be grown by tuning the growth habit of the CuO crystal.Nowadays one-dimensional nanostructures as nanorods, nanowires, etc., have generated a great importance and have received considerable attention and study due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this work we report the synthesis, microstructural characterization and optical properties of CuO nanoparticles grown by physical vapour deposition onto a stainless steel and bare borosilicate glass substrate.

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Zero tilt verification, for footing subjected to incline loading using an inclined projection has been attempted in this paper. The type of footing used for the analysis is known as the “Angle Shaped Footing”. Inclined as well as eccentric loading can be handled by this type of footing. The tile can be determined by substantially varying the length and the angle of the projection and then accordingly determining the tilt of the footing. Since, zero tilt condition is of uttermost importance, the results and the graphs have been plotted for the same. The readymade package ‘ANSYS’ has been used for conducting the finite element analysis of the footing.

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Dispute is one of the major factor which obstruct the successful completion of the construction projects. The construction industry undergoes from frequent disputes between all parties of construction contracts. Alternative dispute resolution is a process that can be used by parties to settle disputes for arriving at a claim by the legal court procedure. Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) relate to dispute resolution procedures that act as alternatives to litigation and are generally conducted with the help of a neutral third party. Negotiation, Mediation, Arbitration, Lok Adalat, Mini Trial, Conciliation, Expert Review and Dispute Review Board are various examples of Alternative dispute resolution methods. The research will be done using questionnaire survey with Contractors, Site Engineers, Consultants, Developers, Owners, Arbitrators and Lawyer with the objective of identifying factors affecting the selection of ADR method. At the end of the study as per the RII (Relative Important Index) and Mean Score techniques, the factors of the ADR selection method were analyzed and ranked accordingly and mean score for various ADR method were obtained. Where it has been found that the following factors are most common: Confidentiality, Overall Duration, Relative Cost, Flexibility in Issue, strategy and Agreement, Preservation of Relationships, Degree of Control by Parties, Degree of Control by neutral. The final selection model consists of a set of selection criteria, a set of mean scores and dispute resolution strategies. Mean score obtained for ADR methods according to factors.

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A standout amongst the most imperative inquiries that emerging is, how would we change over the information produced or caught by IoT into learning to give a more advantageous condition. Smart tutoring has turned into another term to depict innovative and social improvements empower compelling, productive, connecting with and tutoring. Gathering and consolidating taking in examination originating from various channels can plainly give important data in planning and creating smart tutoring system. In this paper we have given a brief review about IoT (Internet of Things), further we have discussed how statistical modelling (Machine Learning) can be applied over IoT devices captured data prominence on to make efficient education system named Smart Tutoring.

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Bus mass rapid transit System (BRTS) is an innovative, high capability, lower price transport solution which will considerably improve urban quality. transport System in most Indian cities is rapidly deteriorating due to the increasing travel demand and inefficient transportation. There square measure numerous issues connected with transport such tremendous increase in range of accidents, Environmental degradation, Congestion, Overcrowding as a result of inadequate system, Frequency of service and schedule isn't strictly adhered. the matter of pollution, safety and unskillfulness have reached at a awful level in most of the key cities in Bharat as a result of intense growth of its population -both of individuals and motorcars, combined with inefficient transport system and poor social control of environmental laws etc. Thus, there's a good have to be compelled to guarantee clean, efficient, affordable, effective Associate in Nursingd safe public transportation and for this Bus mass rapid transit System might become an acceptable answer. Bus mass rapid transit (BRT) Systems have emerged joined of the necessary mode of transport. they're Motorized Transport relatively versatile, simply accessible, and economical and additionally price effective in terms of having the ability to move an outsized range of individuals (rather than vehicles). BRT systems will simply be custom-made to community wants and incorporate progressive, inexpensive technologies that lead to a lot of passengers and fewer congestion. Rajkot BRTS route from madhapar chowk to gondal chowk.in this route total legth is 10.77km and running on gondal road to Jamnagar road. In this route total 18 stations available. In the first phase, 29 km long stretch on 150 feet (46 m) Ring Road would be developed. This stretch would be known as Blue Corridor. Performance improvements of Rajkot BRTS is required to be done to overcome the above effects. This can be measured and evaluated by various kinds of surveys. In the present study performance evaluation and improvement of Rajkot BRTS is discussed.

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Earths signs of ageing due to stress because of the selfish human activities are pretty ugly. The drastic changes occurring in our environment leading to several disastrous events due to shifting of tectonic plates i.e. frequent occurrences of earthquakes leading to loss of life as well as economy and thus proving the conventional structural design techniques flawed and incompetent. Hence, construction techniques working in harmonious combination of life safety and economy shall be adopted, a technique that is concerned with what a building is required to do, and not with prescribing how it is to be constructed. This paper aims to provide a brief introduction of a performance based design methodology i.e. direct displacement based design (DDBD) procedure, deficiencies in conventional force based design procedure (FBD) which cannot be overlooked anymore and which is why a shift from FBD to DDBD is the need of the hour.

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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) technology open up opportunities for controlling power flow and enhancing the usable capacity of present, as well as new lines. FACTS device uses power electronic component to maintain controllability and capability of electrical power system. FACTS controller includes UPFC, STATCOM, SSSC are capable to modify voltage, phase angle and impedance at particular bus in a power system. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most versatile and complex power electronic equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in electrical power transmission system. The real and reactive power in transmission line cannot be controlled easily without FACTS devices. To control active and reactive power the UPFC is very attractive feature and it is a solid state controller which can be used to control active and reactive power flow in a transmission line. The basic control method is such that the shunt converter controls the transmission line reactive power flow and the dc-link voltage. The series converter controls the real power flow in the transmission line and the UPFC bus voltages. The simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink power system toolbox.

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The supply of electricity through non renewable energy sources is already a problem so now-a-days the focus is mainly on generation of electricity through renewable energy sources. In this project the electrical energy is generated using solar cell and dynamo and then the generated energy is used to drive a BLDC motor which in turn is utilized to run the electric vehicle. This vehicle can also be charged through conventional electric chargers in case of emergency. In this way it will help the handicap person as a means of transportation and at the same time it will be helpful in reducing the use of non-renewable energy sources as the project is mainly focusing on the use of renewable energy source.

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In this comparative study of the self-supported Suspension and Tension towers are compared for the minimum weight and minimum cost according to their base dimension, height of extension and material used for designing of the transmission line tower member that is either mild steel or high tensile steel.

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Nano silica is a Nano particles of silicon dioxide which is also known as a silica nano particles or nano silica and used foundary sand is an industrial waste which is used in casting industry. In this experimental study we have partially replaced nano silica and used foundary sand with cement and fine aggregate respectively. Nano silica is replaced in 1% & 2% step by step with cement and Used Foundary Sand replace 10% & 20% with fine aggregates respectively.

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healthcare is a sector where decisions usually have very high-risk and high-cost associated with them. The decisions related to health are crucial as it may cost a person his/her life. While diagnosing the disease doctor analyses the symptoms of the patient. Based on the symptoms the final disease is predicted. The way the doctor make the decision similarly the decision making power of the doctor it may be given to the machine wherein the machine can understand and analyse the symptoms and then give the probable diseases based on them just like the doctor does. The system should respond like a doctor. Here we are not aiming at replacing the doctor but serving to the patient in absence of doctor. Along with the symptoms given by the patients we are also using patient’s history to make our results better. We are using data mining algorithm to make these predictions almost perfect.

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the main objective of today's manufacturing industries is to produce low cost, high quality products in short time. The selection of optimal cutting parameters is a very important issue for every machining process in order to enhance the quality of machining products and reduce the machining costs. This paper investigates the machining of alloy steel to find optimal parameters for CNC turning process. The Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analysis the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics and to predict the optimal choice for each turning parameters such as Speed, Feed and Depth of cut. It is found that these parameters have a significant influence on machining characteristics such as Material removal rate (MRR) and Surface roughness (SR). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to study the performance characteristics in turning operation.

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this article designed a NAVIC Software signal simulator; to evaluate a Receiver performance, a simulation platform build on visual studio platform and some module developed in C++ language, this all had developed after research. Module development contains Orbital mechanics, Satellite position calculation at particular time, Pseudo range, Noise like atmosphere error, Troposphere error and Doppler Effect already calculated. Compare with the hardware simulation this platform possesses more effective and flexible. By changing different scenes of signal simulator performance of the receiver can be tested perfectly.

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the main purpose of power line communication is digital data transmission/reception via power lines. The power line communication uses existing power line infrastructure for communication purpose. This concept provides comprehensive overview to the use of power line for communication purpose ranging from channel characterization. A power line modem is all in one devise which consist of an encoder, decoder, modulator & Demodulator. Modem provide bidirectional half duplex communication over the mains of any voltage up to 230V AC & for frequency 50Hz or 60Hz. Duplex communication suggest that it will either transmit or receive information at a time however not each at a same time. Normally module is in reception approach all the time listening to incoming communication on the power line. Once an application gives serial data to transmit on its RXin pin it alternation over to communicate & communicate the data though power line. Power line communication is used in this work to implement a control network. The goals are to reduce the impact of wireless interference on smart home control network and unnecessary energy consumption of a smart home. The Home automation will have master unit that will control all the slave unit across power line medium. While designing the network it is necessary to develop a system that integrate all electric apparatus in Home or Office.

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A Viterbi algorithm for decoding of the convolutional code is a powerful method for controlling errors in data transmission over a noisy channel. It is based on maximum likelihood algorithm for decoding the data. However, the hardware implementation of Viterbi algorithm become crucial as it consumes large resources due to its complexity. This paper discussed the implementation of Hybrid Viterbi decoder in VHDL using ModelSim and Xilinx 13.3 ISE tools for simulation and synthesis of modules respectively.

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The level of pollution increasing day by day with times due to lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle use, industrialization and urbanization which results in harmful effects on human health. Different types of pollutions exist in nature but the most serious environment pollution is air pollution because different air pollutants are harmful for human health and causes global warming. To avoid such effect on human health and climate change, an environment monitoring system is designed. The parameters of the environment to be monitored are chosen as temperature, humidity, detection of leakage of gases i.e., smoke, LPG, ammonia, CO and concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The main objective of the project is to monitor the environment continuously through various gas sensors, temperature and humidity sensor which are connected to the microcontroller. In addition to this, the system alerts the authorised person through GSM by sending a text message if the concentration of the pollutants reaches the threshold value. The system also consists of voice module to set an alarm immediately.

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This paper presents different procedures for protection of transmission line. For a modern power system, rapid fault clearance is extremely basic and to accomplish this goal different procedures have been produced. This paper talks about the different strategies to accomplish fault recognition, classification and isolation for separation protection of transmission line. The latest strategies incorporates artificial neural network.

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Multilevel inverter is a promising inverter that offers many benefits for high power applications. This paper presents a Symmetrical Multilevel Inverter (SMLI) topology with Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation (HPWM) technique. SMLI topology reduces the number of isolated DC sources. This implemented modulation technique reduces the Total harmonic distortion of output current. This paper also presents analysis of single phase output phase voltage and three phase output current in terms of THD. An elaborate simulation study of the implement. The simulation has been carried out in MATLAB / Simulink.

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Rapid industrialization and increase in population are the main factor for environmental pollution. Pulp and paper mill are the major source of pollution generating industries. The wastewater generated by these industries contains high COD, BOD, color, organic substances and toxic chemicals. Normally we treat the pulp and paper mill effluent by activated sludge, lagooning, chemical precipitation and anaerobic treatment. In this study the effluent was treated by microorganism. We identify the predominant bacteria present in pulp and paper mill effluent and to evaluate the degradation efficiency of individual bacterial species and their combination. Two bacterial were isolated from the pulp and paper mill effluent. Bacillus Subtilis and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and their combination to reduce the maximum level of COD and BOD within retention time of 24 h in batch culture. Bacillus Subtilis show 60% BOD5 reduction and 89% COD reduction than Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and their combination where the sample was collected from the inlet of UASB.

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It is known that the gas liquefaction system is very crucial part of cryogenics engineering because it is used to produce different cryogens. Heat Exchanger is the most crucial component in cryogenic processes, for improving efficiency and decreasing cost of the whole plant. Coiled finned-tube heat exchangers have been used in small and medium helium refrigerators/liquefiers, miniature J–T refrigeration systems for many years. The efficiency of these cryogenic systems strongly depends on the thermal and pressure drop performance of these heat exchangers. A considerable improvement in the performance of heat exchanger is possible by choosing an appropriate geometrical configuration for a given process requirement. In this work fabrication and experimentation has been carried out. Geometry of heat exchanger has been derived taking into consideration the clearance provided for manufacturing of the heat exchangers. The predictions of four end temperatures from design method have been compared with the actual experimental results of one of the prototypes fabricated in our lab.

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Cryogens and their uses are become essential from day to day life. Cryogens used for liquefaction of gases to storage of gases. Cryogen like nitrogen has wide uses in practical applications, which is easily available. According to temperature required different cryogens with respect to their properties used in various applications. This dissertation is focused on heat transfer between two cryogens. It is known that cryogens have their own evaporation rate, boiling point, freezing point and also have rate of heat transfer with respect to other objects that may be solid surfaces, stored food, insulating surfaces or cryogens in solid state or liquid state or gaseous state etc. In this dissertation heat exchanger will be designed to study that with variation in different parameters like tube length, material of tube how it affect the rate of heat transfer will be studied by running experiment, on basis of that, the data will be analysed.

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To treat the waste and reuse sewage from industries and residential areas sewage treatment plants are established (centralized sewage system).The sewage generation is increased and the treatment plants are getting over loaded. Thus, to overcome some of the draw backs of centralized sewage system, we are proposing some methods which fall under the category of decentralized sewage system. The secondary treatment process to be used in decentralized system is use of trickling filter.

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Data mining represents the process of extracting interesting and previously unknown knowledge (patterns) from data. Nowadays due to high internet usage and huge data generation in large scale organizations, universities or social networks, it is difficult to store, manage and analyze the data and retrieve the useful information. This arose the need for big data analysis on large databases to generate useful inferences leading to organizational growth. The system will perform mining on a graph database using semi structured data to deduce desirable and appropriate results[2]. The potential users of this system may include Business Analysts, Data Analysts, etc. Such a system can be used for applications like transaction processing, social media Analysis, spam filters, or Intrusion Detection Systems.

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The conventional prosthesis designs of fixed artificial legs are simple in construction. It consist of two basic parts a socket which connects residual leg with another part of artificial leg. They only provide support to the leg but they do not fully anticipate in the movement of the leg due to the fixed nature of leg and creates discomfort to the user. There is a need for design a new prosthesis leg with knee and ankle joints to perform movements and provide comfort to the user. This paper demonstrates the Data accumulation, CAD Model, FE Model, FE Results of existing prosthetic leg.

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In aeronautical industry carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composites are used to manufacture several components such as flaps, aileron, landing gears, doors, nose cone and others. The mechanical property of the composite becomes complex with the addition of fibers. When subjected to compression, tension and flexure tests polymeric composites are susceptible to mechanical damages that can lead to interlayer delamination. Catastrophic failure of the component can occur due to the increase in the external load. Transverse stitching or pinning the fabric across the laminate to hold the plies together to increase inter-laminar shear strength under physical approach. The experiments were conducted for carbon epoxy composite. Mechanical properties such as thickness and elastic ratios are varied to examine the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate in carbon epoxy composite by using ANSYS FEA software. The objective of the present work is to prepare the three point bend test specimen to estimate the distribution, stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate in carbon epoxy composite using finite element technique. Finite element model is generated in ANSYS and numerical analysis is conducted as per ASTM standards.

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