Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a promising manufacturing process in which flat material sheets are gradually formed into 3-Dimentional (3D) shapes using a generic forming tool. Since the process features benefits of reduced forming forces, enhanced formability and greater process flexibility, it has a great potential to achieve economic pay off for rapid prototyping applications and for small batch production in various applications. Although substantial research has been done in the past decades on ISF, there is still a lack of an efficient prediction of forming force to facilitate the production design and optimization of the process. Also, unsatisfactory part is quality obtained still hampers its wide use in industrial applications. In past the force prediction is done for considering different parameters i.e. feed, speed, depth of cut, sheet thickness, tool radius etc. But work done in the field of force prediction by different tool movements is very less. Therefore, the work presented in this thesis is mainly focused on efficient forming force prediction for different tool movements and its improvement. The force prediction is done by experimental method in which tool movement is changed by taking the other parameters constant. Forces are find out in the different directions on CNC milling machine using force sensor. By this work the efficient condition of less force and better formability is find. This work also helps in decreasing the time and increasing the surface finishing during the process. The limits of the proposed model are also identified and the potential of future improvements are suggested.

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since there are more maize peeling techniques in India which are used in our day to day life. The main problems with these techniques are that they are getting more loss in production rate because of using old methods. So now day’s farmers are required to use the new techniques to increase the production rate and also reduce the man power. But these machines are not affordable to farmers who are having fewer amounts of farms and which not require these big machines. Many farmers in India not have lot of money to invest for purchasing the machines because of their cost. So most of the farmers are resort to use hand operated method or old methods which gives low profit, more damage of corn seeds from cob, which is very oasis work. Since inventions is going on machines which reduced the work for farmers and also provided the saving of cost. These machines are automatic operated, fuel consumption. So by sing the relation of man machine system which establish the simple mechanical design.

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The use of distributed energy resources is progressively being pursued as a supplement and an alternate to giant standard central power stations. The specification of a power-electronic interface is subject to necessities affiliated not alone to the renewable energy supply itself but also to its result on the power system grid, particularly wherever the intermittent energy supply constitutes a major a part of the entire system capacity. During this paper, new technique in power electronic system for the integration of wind, solar and photo-voltaic power generators are represented. A review of the suitable storage-system technology used for the combination of intermittent renewable energy sources is additionally introduced. Discussions regarding common and future trends in renewable energy systems depends on reliability and maturity of every technology are bestowed.

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Present days advancement of hardware for mobile accessories is becoming sophisticated day by day, and enforcement ratio is too high as to genuine requirements of software configuration. In present era phone features are highly lean-on software .this paper distinguishes about application development on android platform. advancement environment of windows mobile and apple's i phone are sure enough to interpreted mobile appliances .mobile application provides user's a rapid and impeccable user involvement. vital target of the paper is on android architecture depends on Linux version 2.6. it is Linux build on open-source mobile phone operating system. mostly java programming language is adopted to advancement of android application. android SDK yields several API's and android studio platform can be cast-off to build application.

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Automatic process of toll collection will save time, effort, and man power than the manual toll collection which is widespread in today's world. This project proposes a low cost and efficient technique called Electronic Toll Collection. Electronic toll collection requires several components in order to complete a transaction. The two most important components are vehicle recognition and account identification. This project uses RFID modules that automatically collects the toll from moving vehicles when they cross the toll plaza for recognition and account identification. If the balance in the owner’s account is low or if the vehicle is not equipped with an RF system, the toll gate remains close. In such a case vehicle owner will have to pay the toll tax in cash and collect the receipt. The owner receives an SMS message on his/she mobile about the details of the payment and there is no need for him to stop the vehicle. How many vehicles passing through the toll gate stored in a database. We can also find out a vehicle how many times passing through the toll gate in a day. This process of toll collection offers a minimum delay and increases the through put of the toll.

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The objective of this paper is to operate of an induction motor drive at an average device switching frequency limited to rated fundamental frequency by using a fifteen-level Hybrid inverter. To reduce the number of separate dc sources, a three-level transistor clamped inverter was used as a cell in the fifteen-level hybrid inverter. The switching angles for each semiconductor switch are then obtained from optimal fifteen-level waveforms based on the criteria to minimize the switching frequency as well as unbalance in dc-link capacitor voltages. Simulation results obtained from the 1.5-kW induction motor drive show THD < 5% for stator currents. Simulation of Hybrid multilevel inverter of single phase 15-level Transistor clamped multilevel inverter is presented and the output waveforms were observed using MATLAB.

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this paper presents the design and working of Tree Overlay Network (T.O.N). (1), a completely decentralized network overlay which is used for network creation, maintenance and routing in large scale peer-to-peer applications. It performs routing on the application layer for nodes that are connected via Internet with the help of a structured overlay developed using our proposed modified B-Tree. It has applications in large number of peer-to-peer services. Each node in the T.O.N. is assigned a unique identifier (nodeId) which is assigned on the basis of epoch time. When a node is presented with a message and nodeId, it routes the message through previously formed node packs, which are formed through a sorting mechanism of nodeId corresponding to each node, in an effective manner. In T.O.N. (1) each node keeps track of its neighbors by maintaining various pointers which are used to map their keys to their corresponding IP addresses. The following system is capable of self-adaptation i.e. can manage itself on arrival, departure and failure of nodes.

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the vibrations induced by metro trains have raised more and more attention along with the development of the mass transition system in many cities of World. With the continuous expansion of Ahmedabad city, metro has become a primary choice to ease the heavy traffic, as its convenience, capacity and safety. However, the vibration induced by metro trains may be affect structures and people nearby. In this project work we are analyzing the vibration impact due to Ahmedabad metro along with existing traffic vibration and its effects on existing engineering structures. Vibrations in engineering structures located along the metro route are measured using 16-channel vibration analyzer due to vehicular traffic along the metro route and on roads with heavy traffic along which metro line may pass during further metro construction phase. Vibrations of metro are predicted using SAP200 modeling. The level of vibrations will be analyzed by addition of existing vehicular traffic vibration and vibration which can be induced during operations of metro in Ahmedabad.

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Total productive maintenance is considered to be a very important and effective tool by many of the manufacturing industries to improve the Overall Equipment Effectiveness and reducing costs, improving productivity etc. The objective of this paper is to review the literature of implementation of total productive maintenance or TPM in manufacturing industries and to get an idea of how it is done in different industries and their growth in terms of World Class Manufacturing. The methods used is the studying of number of case studies and review papers which deals with the implementation of TPM in the manufacturing sectors. The results obtained by this analysis is that TPM is a benefiting phenomenon when it comes to manufacturing industries even with the presence of some minor setbacks. It can be concluded from this paper that implementation of TPM has more upside than the downside thus it is a very favorable and recommended programme.

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Any type of construction works requires concrete as a basic material. The concrete mixture is made up of different ingredients like cement, sand, water, aggregates and admixtures. In the Indian countries, the use of RMC (Ready Mix Concrete) is increased due to its advantages in comparison with traditional concrete mixture. It is type of concrete which is produced under controlled conditions using consistent quality of raw materials. The advantage of RMC like speed of construction can be very fast, reduction in cement consumption by 10 to 12 percent due to better handling and proper mixing, versatility in using and methods of placing of concrete, it uses bulk cement instead of bagged cement so dust pollution will be less and reduced and with better durability of structure their overall service life is increased and there is saving in life cycle cost it is mostly used at the construction site. In this paper, the main focus is to check various engineering properties of materials which are used in the preparation of RMC. The tests are conducted in laboratories and results and its comparison is checked.

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the present technology commonly used for cutting the grass is by using the manually handle device. In this project we have automated the machine for cutting the grass. The smart solar grass cutter with solar tracking is a fully automated grass cutting vehicle powered by solar energy that also avoids obstacles and is capable of fully automated grass cutting without the need of any human interaction. The system uses 12v batteries to power the vehicle movement motors as well as the grass cutter motor. We also use a solar panel to charge the battery so that there is no need of charging it externally. The grass cutter and vehicle motors are interfaced to arduino board that controls the working of all the motors. It is also interfaced to an ultrasonic sensor for object detection. In this also, we examine a schematic to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module and use the energy for a DC application. This project investigates in detail the concept of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which significantly increases the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is composed of a large number of small nodes with limited functionality. The most important issue is this type of networks is energy constrains. In this area several researches have been done from which clustering is one of the most effective solutions, the goal of clustering is to divide network into sections each of which has a cluster head (CH).The task of cluster heads collection, data aggregation and transmission to the base station is undertaken. In this way the sensor nodes can reduce communication overheads that may be generated it each sensor node reports sensed data to the base station (BS) independently. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is the one of the most famous clustering mechanism. It elects a cluster, based on probability model. This approach may reduced the network lifetime because LEACH does not consider the distribution of sensor nodes and the energy remains of each node however using the location and energy information. Proposed LEACH-PSO by using functions and calculating overheads can be reduced and finally the parameters of sensor network can be prolonged to improve the efficiency of LEACH-PSO. The simulated results such as LEACH & LEACH-PSO are compared using network simulator (ns2) and evaluate the parameters like Latency, packet deliver ratio (PDR), Delay, Throughput.

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Global warming is created by the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere in various ways during the production and utilization of many materials. As a part of civil engineering we all know concrete is the important material in for construction. Concrete is made up of with Cement, Aggregates and water. Cement plays a prominent role by improving binding properties among the other ingredients of concrete. But production of OPC causes emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere and also major consumption of natural resources. As a part of our research a step is made towards producing of concrete without using OPC as a binding material. Hence instead of OPC we were used GGBS as binder material. NaOH and Na2SiO3 chemicals are used as activators. This study has been made with river sand and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) as fine aggregates and with regular crushed stone as coarse aggregates for manufacturing of Geopolymer concrete. Geo polymer concrete has been prepared for 8, 10 and 12 molarities and their mechanical behaviour is being observed for 3, 7 and 28 days.

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The Android Application which is developed for students to track their college buses, bus number and also the route bus routes online. It helps the user to get the location of the bus which helps in user to not to get delayed. The development technology also increased the traffic issues and also accidents. This causes a huge amount of life loss and also property cause of poor emergency facilities. This paper also helps in solving this drawback. When an accident occurred, the sensors will get activated and it will trigger the IoT device to send a text message to the emergency services along with the coordinates where the accident occurred. The paper will result in producing the project with an android application for the students. The IoT device will be on-boarded in the college bus along with the gps and also the vibration sensor.

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Spur gears are used to transmit motion and power from one shaft to another, especially in between two parallel shafts and also used to vary speed and torque. The cost of replacement of spur gear is very high and also the system down time is one of the effect in which these gears are part of system. When gear is subjected to load, high stresses developed at the root of the teeth, these high stresses increase the chances of fatigue failure at the root of teeth of spur gear. The aim of this research paper is to reduce the root filet stress to increase fatigue life of spur gear. This paper present the techniques to reduce root fillet stress in spur gear by introducing the stress relieving features in stress zone. Three teeth of spur gear are taken for study. By using Lewis equation maximum principal stress is calculated by applying the load at tip of tooth. In the same way spur gear is analyzed in ANSYS software for the maximum principal stress. In comparison it is found that both the results are above 900 closed. The maximum principal stress at root fillet of spur gear is calculated in ANSYS is 10% less than theoretical result. By considering the maximum principal stress in ANSYS as a base, further work is carried out in ANSYS. Circular stress relieving features are used at various locations in spur gear to reduce the maximum principal stress. Reduction in principal stress increases fatigue life of spur gear.

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A sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the domestic and commercial waste and removes the materials which pose harm for general public. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). The growing environmental pollution needs for decontaminating waste water result in the study of characterization of waste water, especially domestic sewage. In the past, domestic waste water treatment was mainly confined to organic carbon removal. Recently, increasing pollution in the waste water leads to developing and implementing new treatment techniques to control nitrogen and other priority pollutants. Sewage Treatment Plant is a facility designed to receive the waste from domestic, commercial and industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and compromise public health and safety when discharged into water receiving systems. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove various contaminants depending on its constituents. Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water. Sewage / waste water treatment consist of different processes which protect the environment & human through cleansing the water pollutant. In history people used difference method of treatment for purification of water which get advance by advancement in technological world.

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In wireless sensor networks (WSN) there are sensor nodes which are connected wirelessly to communicate each other are scattered in the field of interest. These wireless sensor nodes gather information about the field or changes in the field like some physical or chemical phenomenon. After gathering the information sensors transmit this information toward a high capacity computer system called as base station or sink. Although the sensors always transfer data toward the base station, but there is a need of routing protocols which optimize the energy consumption of each node for sending and receiving data packets. Sensor nodes perform all the sensing, processing and communicating tasks by using battery power. Hence, if the communication route is not optimal than more energy will be wasted. To save the energy in the network the routing protocols must select energy efficient routes. Several researchers worked in this area and proposed routing protocols which can be categorized as data centric, hierarchical, location based and opportunistic routing. This paper presents the description of each routing category and will present a comparative analysis of opportunistic routing (OR) protocols for WSN. Opportunistic routing protocols take the advantage of broadcasting nature of wireless sensor nodes and involve all sensor nodes in the data forwarding process. The comparative analysis has been done on the basis of various parameters like power usage, data aggregation, and scalability. This paper helps to recognize the effect of opportunistic routing on working of WSN and also it helps to find out which protocol suited which application best.

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An experimental investigation was carried out to find the optimum dimple array pattern on flat surface. The researchers have documented theories related to dimple array pattern (i.e. inline array, staggered array, etc.) and dimple shapes (i.e. oval dimple, almond shape dimple, etc.). Protrusions like dimples are created on internal flow passage to augment the heat transfer. This project work is related to investigation of the forced convection heat transfer over dimple array. The objective of work is to find heat transfer rate and frictional characteristics from test surface and results are compared with flat surface. The dimple array pattern is in V-angled shape (60°, 90°, 120°) and pitch is 14mm & 16mm horizontally and 7mm & 8mm vertically. The Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance index was measured, dimples formed are spherical in shape with 10mm print diameter and 3mm depth, channel height is 25mm, test plate is having dimensions of 600 x 100 x 6mm. The Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter was varied from 12381 to 30300. From the study it is observed that thermal performance was increasing with Reynolds number, 120° V-angled and 14mm pitch plate having higher thermal performance index of 1.82.

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When a conventional vehicle applies it brakes, kinetic energy is converted to heat as friction between the brake pads and wheels. This heat is carries away in the airstream and the energy is effectively wasted The total amount of energy lost in this way depends on how often, how hard and for how long the brakes are applied. Regenerative braking refers to a process in which portion of the kinetic energy of the vehicle is stored by a short term storage system. Research on control strategy is one of most important topics of regenerative braking and can be roughly categorized into two types according to the propose of research. One is to enhance the braking performance and driving comfort. The other is to improve the regenerative efficiency and to save resources. Regenerative braking system can convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy with help of electric motor. And it can also convert the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which is supplied to the vehicle whenever it is needed, with the help of a flywheel.

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Content Classification is the way toward sorting out content reports into pre-characterized classifications as indicated by the document content. All the more expressly, given an arrangement of illustration reports for every class, we need to consequently take in the attributes of every classification, or take in a model of every classification, which we can then apply to dole out classes to another (unlabeled) documents. Content order has numerous applications, in different fields and for different sorts of information. Numerous issues identified with information stockpiling, administration and recovery can be defined as far as content order. The most widely recognized case of content arrangement is that of sorting out news as indicated by their theme, e.g. into Sports, Politics, Economics or ordering extensive Web record accumulations into Web registries for less demanding perusing and recovery, e.g. the Yahoo Directory. In this paper we will provide the comparative study of different methods meant for text categorization. This work will make help to improve the performance of existing text classification methods

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In our country, the bridges across the rivers, oceans or sea beds falls down suddenly. To prevent from this, we are implementing the smart bridge system. In this system, we used two sensors on each side. If any variation in bridge level or angle, the warning is given by the buzzer. By using GSM system, message send to the maintenance department. So that the workers can come immediately at the location and clear the fault. Micro-controller used to control traffic by using flap and bridge street light by using LDR sensor. LCD display is also there to show the working of bridge continuously. In short there is an automation in bridge system by using micro-controller. This work help to prevent from suddenly fall down, traffic control and lighting of bridges.

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Cryogenically assisted manufacturing processes are emerging as environmentally-benign, toxic-free, hazardless operations, producing functionally superior products. This paper presents an overview of major cryogenic manufacturing processes, summarizing the state-of-the-art. It begins definitions, scope, and proceeds to analysis of process mechanics and material performance covering thermo-mechanical interactions, followed by surface integrity, product quality and performance in cryogenic manufacturing. Process analysis and applications includes machining, forming and grinding.

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The on load tap changing regulator have been used in wearies industries & power application they ensures good regulation of the output voltage in proses larger changes of the input voltage they are time form mile second to several seconds. The mechanical type tap changers were into practice. But they had considerable limitations arcing, high maintenance, service costs and slow reaction times. In limitations and drawbacks reducing using electronic equipment in solid state tap changers are developed. The continuous growth of semiconductor devices, such as using insulated gate bipolar transistor, solid state relay has allowed the development of fast on load tape changer regulators which has help to fix other problems in the ac mains, like sags. The actually idea in the solid state tap changer for utility transformer is that using solid state switches and best control ability operate during the tap changing process instead of mechanical switches which helps in reducing the arc during the tap changing process.

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Maharashtra is one of the largest producer of IRON And STEEL materials in the country. MSMC’s Khursipar Iron Ore Mine producing mainly Titano-Magnetite ore. The iron ore deposit of Khursipar is very important since it contains valuable mineral, vanadium which can be economically extracted. This deposit can be exploited for production of vanadium metal. This paper reports the find out the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Amgaon tehsil, Gondia, Maharashtra. The current production capacity of iron ore in Khursipar (Ambetalav) is around 180 Mt. Opencast Mining, Height of the Bench is 3.0 M. Width of the bench is15 to 20 M and Angle of Slope is not exceeding 600. Mining is widely regarded as having adverse effects on environment. Some of these effects include impact on wildlife, socio-economic impact and contamination of groundwater by chemical from the mining process in open-pit mining. . As such, a repeatable process effects primarily tends to destroys them early. It is very necessary to study of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the iron ore mining activity on the future development and management of the natural environment and resources of gondia district. Normally, iron ore mining in India is done by opencast mining method and on this basis of mining methods, the mining can be broadly classified into two categories, i.e., manually and machinery.

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Alkali resistant glass fiber is extracted from the malleability of the waste glass material. This shows that thin sheets of glass pieces are called as glass fiber. Glass fiber is used in concrete for improving the strain properties as well as crack resistance, ductility and toughness. Now-a-day’s glass fiber is most used in the construction of buildings and pavements. Glass fiber is an additional material to concrete and added as percentages by the weight of cement. In this experiment, the glass fiber is added at 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by the weight of cement. In this study, M20 grade concrete is used. Concrete blocks are tested for compressive strength and split tensile strength in the time intervals of 7 days and 28 days.

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