This paper reviews various methods used for the stabilization of the soil in the past. Papers summarizes the experiments done by the various researchers. As the soil weakness is the major cause of failure or degradation of structures standing on weak soil. A stabilized soil provides good contact between the foundation and the structure. The transfer of load takes place easily if the soil is stabilized. So the stabilization of soil is required and this paper enlightens some techniques and experiments which was used in the past and were found to be correct in increasing the shear strength of soil.

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Meteorology is the key driving force of hydrology along time, from the immediate states and processes until the monthly, yearly, seasonal and sometimes multiyear sequences. Meteorology influences much of the hydrological flows and storages. The Mehsana district area has been facing severe water scarcity due to scanty precipitation and intensive agriculture during the last few years. The present study shows that the average rainfall in the Mehsana district is around 743 mm and the average depth to water level in this region is very deep particularly during pre-monsoon, where the water level lies below 25m at almost all the places. Groundwater level varies from 20.16 mm to 174.70 mm in the Mehsana region which shows very high difference in underground water level at various places in the study area. Hydrometeorology study indicates that uncontrolled extraction of groundwater is the only cause leads to unpredictable relation between precipitation and ground water level.

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The time period ‘massive information’ is used for collections of large datasets that encompass big extent, excessive velocity, and a diffusion of data that is increasing day by day. The usage of traditional facts control systems, it is hard to technique huge data. Consequently, the Apache software basis brought a framework known as Hadoop to resolve huge statistics control and processing challenges. Apache Hive is a widely used records warehouse machine for Apache Hadoop, and has been followed via many companies for various huge statistics analytics programs. carefully running with many customers and companies, we have identified several shortcomings of Hive in its document formats, query making plans, and question execution, which are key factors determining the performance of Hive to be able to make Hive continuously fulfill the requests and requirements of processing an increasing number of excessive volumes information in a scalable and efficient way, we have set desires related to storage and runtime overall performance in our efforts on advancing Hive.

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Managing human resources in today's dynamic environment is becoming more and more complex as well as important. Recognition of people as a valuable resource in the organization has led to increases trends in Employee maintenance, job security, etc. In this paper will explain how hr & employees can use corporate appraisal system & work from home. Corporate appraisal system has two main modules hr & employee in which each of them has four sub modules. Formal performance appraisal has become a widespread instrument of human resource management. Performance appraisal is a measurement of how well someone performs job-relevant tasks. These measurements can serve different organizational purposes, but the most common goal is to improve or sustain performance levels by eliciting behavioral change.

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In this project we are going to divide the railway track into a block of specific length and will be sending a square wave as an incident wave and using the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), we will be measuring the time at which the wave has been reflected back. Reference length of the wire will be set and reflected time will be measured and will be converted into length by using CTMU of pic microcontroller. If there is shunting in between this block, its exact distance will be known as the time will be proportional to the distance at which the short has occurred.

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Electrical distribution systems bearing large losses as the loads are wide spread, reactive power compensation facilities and improper control of the same. The comprehensive static VAR compensator consisting of capacitor bank in four binary sequential steps in conjunction with a thyristor (SCR) or Traic controlled reactor of smallest step size is employed in the investigative work. Same work deals with the performance evaluation through analytical studies and practical implementation on an existing system consisting of a distribution transformer of 1 PH phase 50 Hz, 230V capacity. This paper describes development of single phase SCR based Static VAR Compensate SVC for reactive power compensation and power factor correction using microcontroller. The microcontroller determines the firing pulse for the SCR or Traic to compensate excessive reactive components, thus withdraw PF near to unity. Power factor improvement circuits were added in power systems to sinusoidal shape the AC line current and to put it in phase with the ac line voltage.

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a vehicle that travels from point A to point B without any human input for a particular duration of time is classified as an autonomous vehicle. Such vehicles employ sensory, control and navigation technologies that respond to the environment accordingly, thereby eliminating the need for human interference. Autonomous vehicular technology aims to bring about a paradigm shift in transportation. For making these vehicles autonomous one need to develop various kinds of driving assistive systems. Driver assistance systems are developed to automate and enhance vehicle safety and better driving. Moreover, the renewable energy is vital for today’s world as in near future the non- renewable sources that we are using are going to get exhausted. The idea of making a solar based vehicle along with assistive system, is a step in saving the non- renewable sources of energy as well as basis for future driverless vehicles. This paper will give an overview of a prototype car based on solar energy provided with driving assistive system.

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"This work deals with the long term of groundwater level, water level irregularity study and its correlation with rainwater for enhancement of ground water via remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) based technology. For the groundwater situation well inventory and rainwater data required, so for this study water samples were collected from 52 observation open wells and bore wells for the period of 12 years and rainfall data that was used for the period of 14 years. The geophysical data in the study area extract from the IRS-LISS-IV and with the help of land use land cover (LULC), Digital elevation models (DEM) and Topographical map on 1:50,000 scales trend was analyze. For the trend of ground water spatio- temporal variations map of the entire study area have been prepared using GIS spatial data also used for analyzing ground water trend information using spline interpolation in GIS. At last, by integrating the geophysical data, and the groundwater conditions data, the trend of groundwater of the study area has been found by means of tool in ArcGIS10.2, This integrated study facilitates to propose an appropriate groundwater management map for a study area." This work also showed that though the mean precipitation in the study area is above 1100 mm, however the mean ground water level in this region is very shallow for the most part in the study area for the duration of pre monsoon in May. That is possibly because of the urbanisation and hilly terrain in the study area which do not permit water to penetrate into the sub-surface, and consequently the water gets away as runoff and somewhat finds infiltrate into the ground to sustain shallow WT, hence the result shows study areas are subjected to drought caused by a steady decline in the ground water level.

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Real Estate Industry is one of the important industries at Global level and national level. It provides a huge employment to people and plays very significant role in country economy. Delays are one of the most common problems in the construction industry. Time and Cost overruns are delays in project execution. Project overruns is a serious economic problem in the developing countries where the project implementation takes place in the face of many uncertainties. It wastes away our scare financial resources, delays the development process and also makes construction costlier. With increasing globalization and technology driven economic growth all over the world, a scientific and systematic approach to project management becomes imperative to ensure the project objectives are attained within the time, capital and other resources. It is very common observation that in spite of the resources available, Indian construction industry is unable to optimize them in order to have control over the time and cost of the construction projects. The reasons for the poor time and cost management in Real Estate Developers’ Projects are the lack of knowledge regarding the technology.

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High temperature distribution over the internal combustion cylinder leads to the infringement of the contact with the piston to the connecting rod, in this project we have scrutinized the recital of the gudgeon pin to resist from the shear and wear along the bending deformation during the loading of the engine, here we were using diverse materials to improve the performance of the cotter pin hence the materials with high temperature conductivity & low weight ratio to withstanding propensity and structural potency will make a alternate for the commercial pin used now a days, by analysing the gudgeon pin we can see the results of shear stress, bending stress, contact stress, displacement and deformation due to the load distribution over the whole pin. The concept design were going to done in modelling software Solid works and analysis of stress and load will be done in ANSYS, this project mainly deals with stress, shear, load, contact, bending stress and Von Mises Hencky theory of failure analysis of the gudgeon pin by exploiting dissimilar materials.

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Agriculture plays a key role in the life of farmers. So a proper amount of water and power supply is required for efficient plant growth. So here we have automatic plant irrigation system which consists of solar modules, various sensors etc. Solar modules are devices that cleanly convert sunlight into electricity and offer a practical solution to the problem of power generation in remote areas. Solar power is used as only the source of power to control the overall system. Sensors are placed on the paddy field and these sensors continuously sense the water level and give the message to the farmer informing the water level. Without visiting the paddy fields, farmers can get the information about the water level. Using an automatic system helps the farmer to ON/OFF the motor without his physical presence in the field. This system has real time sensing and control of an irrigation system. When the condition of water in the agricultural farm is abnormal then the system automatically switches OFF. Based on the soil moisture, through relay the pumping motor will be automatically switch on or off which saves the water and on the other hand the plant can get most appropriate water level which increases the productivity of the crop. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology is used to inform the user about the exact condition of the field.

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Security in travelling has become a primary concern due to advancement in automobiles. There is always a risk of losing lives because of poor emergency facilities. One cannot predict the accidents but certain measures can be taken to reduce after effects. To resolve such problems, a system is developed and an application is introduced in this research work. All these problems are overcome by this system. Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the technologies that are used in a huge number of applications today. One of the applications is tracking human and keeps regular monitoring on them. Main objective is to design a system that can be easily installed and to provide platform for further enhancement. This project completely covers the whole system from accident avoidance and necessary measures to be taken after the accident. So, this paper deals with the system which allows us to know about the accident spot and provides situational awareness. This system uses GPS and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technologies.

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The present-days submersible vehicle travel at a maximum speed of 35 knots (65 km/h or 40 mph) and some could attain a short speed burst of 40-45 knots (75-84 km/h or 46-52 mph) while submerged. In order to extract resources available from oceans, seas, etc., or to travel at high speeds at underwater there is a need for the development of high efficient propulsion system and well-designed submersible vehicles which can overcome the underwater drag effects which reduce the speed of the vehicle. This paper aims at developing water jet thruster and a submersible vehicle which can propel at greater speeds by reducing the effects of drag and pressure. The design for such a water jet thruster and a geometric model of submersible vehicle is carried out in Solidworks and analyze using CFD and flow simulation is carried out in Solidworks Flow Simulation. Parameters like drag coefficient, pressure and velocity variations that affect the submersible vehicle and water jet thruster are studied. These parameters are evaluated using FVM and using Cartesian-based CFD meshing.

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Heat treatment and surface modification techniques are utilized to optimize physical, chemical and mechanical properties of metals. Heat treatment involves use of heating and cooling to achieve desired result such as hardening, softening etc. After heat treatment black quenching oil deposits, thin layer of scale, discoloration were observed on surface that need to be removed. These heat treated parts needs to be cleaned thoroughly. After scale removal the part can be polished back to its original surface finish. Part cleaning is necessary to many industrial processes, as important to Surface finishing or to protect sensitive components. Cleaning is defined as the application of time, temperature, chemistry and energy to remove contamination from the surface of a part to a level appropriate for the intended application. In other words, cleaning is simply moving contaminants from where they are not wanted (on the parts) to where they should be (in the waste disposal system). The cleaning process is embedded into the production chain and needs to be carefully balanced for an optimum result with respect to overall process cost as well as environmental, safety and health aspects. This paper presents the concept of heat treatment and formation of scale after heat treatment, the various principals to remove that scale effectively and concentrates on formation of scale on different types of metals and ways to avoid it or remove it.

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This paper is about integration of intelligent traffic control system, for the congestions and traffic rules. This paper primarily deals for the problems facing by the common human being and Emergency vehicles like ambulances waits unnecessarily at the traffic signal. The problem of traffic light control can be solved by a Smart system. With this system, we can consider the priority of different type of vehicles using RFID and also consider the density of traffic on the roads by installing IR sensors on the road intersections.

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Present automobiles are being developed by more of electrical parts for efficient operations. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial, asynchronous, multi-master communication protocol for connecting electronic control modules in automotive and industrial applications. In this paper, we explore the impact of 3 Nolte’s X-OR masking techniques on the status information of vehicle to reduce jitter noise during trans-receiving a long sequence of identical bits to improve the features of CAN protocol with PIC microcontroller.

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Concrete is the widely used construction material. In which fine aggregate is one of the important constituents. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared for M20 and M40 grade with different proportions of copperslag ranging from 0% (for the control mixture), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% as fine aggregate replacement. Hardened concrete tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength for M20 and M40 grade concrete is tested and the mechanical properties of the conventional concrete is compared with copperslag concrete. The M20 and M40grade results are compared and variation in strength properties between the grades is to be examined and it is recommended up to a 40% replacement of for fine aggregate obtain a concrete with good strength and also grade wise same strength only obtained.

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the paper proposes a planar monopole antenna with a dual element Multiple-Inputs-Multiple-Outputs (MIMO) system. The main focus of the study was to propose a highly compact antenna as low as 15.5mm x 18mm x 1.6mm with very high isolation and low return loss. Isolation higher than 31dB is achieved with the implementation of a Neutralization Line (NL) and an extended ground structure. The return loss is also calculated as high as -25dB. The system works in the operating bandwidth of 2.72 GHz – 2.93 GHz (covering 210 MHz frequency). Firstly, the proposed design is implemented without any decoupling structures. Then, a NL is introduced and analyzed. This is followed by an extended ground structure. Finally, the above structures are compared and analysis and results are drafted.

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Extraction of water from the natural air around us to help the betterment of human life. Pumping natural air into the earth and using the lower temperature along with radiative cooling to condense the dew drops. One-half of the device is buried inside the earth for around 6 feet or more. The open end of the device which is exposed to the atmosphere consists of a turbine and fan setup which is used to pump humid air into the device continuously. Heat from the air is transferred to the soil around the duct. Once the air temperature falls below its condensation temperature it condenses as water droplet and is stored in the chamber below. Since the temperature of the chamber below is always less than the temperature of the atmospheric air, because of use of superhydrophobic material, we expect nominal water condensation even when the turbine is not actuated by the wind.

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an accident is an unexpected, unusual, unintended external action which occurs in particular time and place. Carelessness of the driver is the major factor for accident. The government has made rules that rider should compulsory wear the helmet and not consume alcohol and drive. Still the riders do not obey the rules. These accidents are caused due to negligence of the rider. Not wearing the helmet causes the rider with head injuries which may lead to death of the rider. In order to overcome this an intelligent system, smart helmet is proposed, it detects the helmet and also the alcohol present in rider’s breath. This system has a pair of transmitter and receiver, the transmitter is placed in the helmet and the receiver is placed at the bike ignition. There are different sensors to ensure the helmet is on the head. These vibration sensors are placed in helmet where the probability of hitting is more. An alcohol sensor is placed near mouth of the rider. The alcohol sensor detects the presence of alcohol in rider’s breath. The data of the detection of helmet and alcohol is coded with RF encoder and then transmitted through radio frequency transmitter. The receiver at the bike receives the data and the data is decoded using RF decoder. The result of presence of helmet and the alcohol detection is analyzed on the smart phone. The proposed system will be so designed that if one of the two conditions are violated then also the bike won’t start. The bike will start only if the both conditions are followed. This smart helmet will help the rider to compulsory wear helmet and restrict drink and drive condition. MCU controls the function of relay and the ignition, it control the engine through a relay and a relay interfacing circuit.

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A dual beam wide band microstrip patch antenna is expressed in this paper. Radiation beams of two broadside are obtained by operating the patch antenna at the higher order 〖TM〗_02 mode instead of the fundamental 〖TM〗_01 mode, it radiates a broadside beam. Broadening the antenna bandwidth is achieved by using the U-slot technique. The antenna analysis is carried out with the full wave simulation, and an antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for the validation. When the two operating frequencies are far apart, a dual-frequency patch structure can be conceived to avoid the use of separate antennas. The resonating frequency is of 3.5GHz. The designed antenna operates at two frequencies namely 3.232GHz and 5.008GHz. Simulation of wide band dual beam microstrip patch antenna using ANSYS HFSS software.

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Energy-efficient residential lighting such as household light-emitting diode (LED) lamps with AC input require electrolytic capacitor as the energy storage dc-link capacitor in the driver circuit to balance the energy between the input and output power and reduce the low frequency LED current ripple. The average lifetime of an electrolytic capacitor is at least 2–3 times less than that of an LED lamp which affects the potential lifetime of the overall circuit. To increase the lifetime of the LED lighting system, an offline LED driver that does not use any electrolytic capacitors or complicated control circuits to minimize the low-frequency (i.e., 100 or 120 Hz) output ripple is presented here. The proposed single switch circuit reduces the energy storage capacitance to a few microfarads range, so that film capacitor can be used to replace the unreliable electrolytic capacitor. The circuit operating principles and its theoretical analysis are studied and simulation results are given on a 9-W LED lamp to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.

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a summary is a concise representation of the detailed text, which conveys the general idea of the original text with least redundancy. The manifold increase in information on the Web demands intelligent summarization tools to present an abridged version of the source text. The goal of automatic text summarization is to represent the source text in a shorter version, rich in information and with correct semantics. This paper discusses various summarization techniques based on two distinctions: extractive and abstractive. Furthermore, the merits of graph-based text summarization is explored with the detailed analysis of Opinosis.

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Groundwater is the main source for drinking the rural area of the sandur taluk. Fluoride is dietary in human beings in rural as well as metropolitan zones throughout the world. The present study was conducted to determine the fluoride and other water quality parameters in the ground water of Sandur taluk of Bellary district of Karnataka, India. A total of twenty five groundwater samples were randomly collected at different depths from bore well water and hand pumps. The fluoride content in underground water is determined by ion selective electrode method. From the study it was observed that Sandur taluk of three villages are showing above the permissible limit of WHO. The results showed that fluoride concentration in the ground water of Sandur taluk ranges from 0.89-1.89 mg/l. Three villages are above the permissible limit and fourteen villages are showing medium range (1.2 – 1.4 mg/l) of fluoride content during the study period. The study reveals that most of the people are using and depending upon groundwater for domestic and irrigation purpose. Therefore, the intake of fluoride concentration is high as people using groundwater without any prior treatment. The results suggest that the groundwater should be used by the residents only after defluoridation. The study revealed that due to mining activity and assessment of groundwater samples from various parameters indicates that groundwater in three villages of the study area is contaminated with fluoride hence, unsuitable for drinking purpose (Laksmipura, Tumati and Nidagurthi). The data structures may be show that mining activity and geological structure contributing the higher concentration of fluoride content in aquifer of Sandur taluka, Bellary District.

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Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. Also various other tests carried out on the cube and its results are stated in the paper.. The mechanism of crack healing in bacterial concrete presumably occurs through metabolic conversion of calcium lactate to calcium carbonate what results in crack-sealing. This biochemically mediated process resulted in efficient sealing of sub-millimetre sized (0.15 mm width) cracks. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope ( S.E.M ) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete.

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