Usage of light weight and stiff structures are steadily increasing, thus thin walled sections are extensively used in various engineering applications .The objective of this paper is to study of the behavior of cold formed tapered light gauge steel beams. The effect of the cold formed beams as built-up member is tested for two point loading. Totally two cold formed specimen and one hot-rolled beam are tested and its behavior are experimented and presented. Specimens are tested for two point loading. Deflections are measured. Load-deflection curves are plotted. Ultimate load carrying capacity, energy absorption capacity, ductility parameter and stiffness parameter are determined. The theoretical values are obtained by analyzing as per codes. Experimental results are compared with ABAQUS Software results.

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Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specially designed for WSNs. The focus has been given to the routing protocols which might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this paper, we propose and efficient data forwarding protocol called Advance Energy Aware Geographic Routing Protocol (Advance EAGRP) for wireless sensor networks to extend the life time of the network. In Advance EAGRP, both position information and energy are available at nodes used to route packets from sources to destination. This will prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes; hence the network life time and thus get higher packet delivery ratio and minimal compromise of energy efficiency. The proposed protocol is an efficient and energy conservative routing technique for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The routing design of Advance EAGRP is based on two parameters: location and energy levels of nodes. Each node knows the location and energy level of its neighbors. The performance measures have been analyzed with variable number of nodes. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm gives better performance in terms of higher packet delivery ratio, delay, and energy consumption.

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This paper exhibit the functionality of a Peak Power Management (PPM) and Storage using Power Electronics. The PPM includes batteries and a digitally controlled single phase voltage source inverter (VSI) which can be inhibited as a current source or a voltage source depending on the prominence of the AC grid and the user’s predilection. The PPM guarantees that the critical loads are powered when the AC grid fails; in which case the VSI is controlled as a voltage source. It also accomplishes peak power control by supplying battery power to the local loads while they are powered by the AC grid if the loads get large. The electricity cost savings proficient by peak shaving are estimated. The PPM functionality is established by experimental dimensions on a laboratory prototype. The control architecture and logic embedded in the PPM are discussed in detail.

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Image fusion technique is the best process of combining two and more than two images with specific objects with more clarity prospective. Image fusion technique is known about that in focus on the one object remaining objects will be less highlighted. Hence to get an image highlighted in all space and regions, a different and difficult view means is required. That was did by the Image Fusion technique. In sensing, the increasing image processing availability of Space borne images and decompositions and synthetic aperture radars chart and images gives a motivation to all kinds of image fusion algorithms.

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Blasting process, one of the surface preparation method in ship building and ship repair industries is marked as the major significant sources in generation of waste; because it is mandatory process for the surface preparation before painting process in shipbuilding or for the removal of the old paint including primer coating from the surface of steel in ship repair. During the copper slag blasting operation environment in the vicinity of the working areas are polluted by fine dust of the abrasive material which is used, paint, metal chips and with toxic metals. Most of the Ship building and Ship repair industries had started replacing copper slag as abrasive media to environment friendly media. Therefore, replacement of conventional production methods i.e. blasting using copper slag grit with less contaminating, environmentally safe and alternative processes which do not or have less affect on human health and environment is essential. In this work, harmful effects of abrasive-blasting materials like copper slag grit, iron shots used for surface preparation are investigated by considering the impact effectiveness of the material on human being and environment. The results of is outcome bearing in mind the blasting efficiency, cost and pollution caused by the blasting media. The reason of alternating the present blasting material is to decrease amount of waste and pollution.

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Steganography is a most powerful technique in which hide the information into existence information. The main objective of steganography is provide more security from an unauthorized access. It essence is to embed secret message within seemingly innocent carrier in such way that unauthorized parties are not aware of communication. Some of the techniques used in steganography are domain tools or simple system such as least significant bit (LSB) insertion and noise manipulation, and transform domain that involve manipulation algorithms and image transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and wavelet transforms. In this paper, there is technique in which Least Significant Bit is modified to hide the secret message or any information from third party. LSB encryption is used for hiding information in multimedia document. In this method each character of secret/embedding message including extra special character is turn into in ASCII code then each value is turned in 8 bit binary number. Each bit of each character is inserted in last LSB (Least significant bit) of each pixel of cover image. Only last bits of cover image will be altered soon, this method having an ability of yield a secret-embedded image that is totally equivalent from the original image by the human eyes.

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during past earthquakes many of the buildings were collapsed due to failure of vertical members. Therefore, it is necessary to provide strong vertical member so as to sustain the design earthquake without failure. Shear wall is one of the lateral load resisting systems which can resist greater amount of forces. Pushover analysis is widely used for performance based design of new structures. In present study 2 models of 21 storey building were analyzed like shear wall as a shell element and shear wall as a column element. Analysis was carried out using ETABSv16. Time period obtained by dynamic analysis is compared. Pushover analysis is carried out using SAP2000 v18 on shear wall building (as a column element) as per ATC40 capacity spectrum method. User defined hinge properties are assigned to beam and column. Pushover analysis results are presented in terms of capacity, demand, performance point and pattern of hinge formation at performance point. This results help in identifying damage level of building.

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The assignment for CIL is to generate and promote the intended quantity of coal and coal products proficiently and cost-effectively in an eco-friendly manner with due regard to security, preservation and superiority. Almost all of its coal is produced by conventional methods in opencast and underground mines. This has affected the environment to a noteworthy, remarkable and striking extent. Hence, the concept of clean coal technology has been an ever growing demand. Coal Bed Methane is an important approach towards clean coal technology, which is an unconventional energy source. It is formed by coalification, and emits during mining as a natural energy source. This paper presents the exigency and significance of coal bed methane for CIL to accelerate its growth and development and to augment the efforts towards commercial utilization of Coal Bed Methane, which can solve the energy problem of the country. This paper also presents the challenge CBM poses to CIL, the need to convert this huge resource into reserves through developing innovative technology and feasible techniques for commercial development.

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This paper presents a survey on energy efficient routing protocols for wireless Ad-Hoc networks. This paper provides an overview of different energy efficient routing protocols of Ad-hoc network. This detailed discussion is concentrated on proposed power saving algorithms. Besides it we will discuss about the conventional protocols and also see how these are modified to make these protocols energy efficient and what the shortcomings that have been resolved. A mobile ad hoc network is composed of mobile nodes (MN) without any fix infrastructure. Mobile node self organize to form a network over links. In these networks topology is not fixed due to the mobility of nodes, interference, multipath propagation link failure and path loss. The purpose of this survey is to study, understand, analyze and discuss energy efficient routing protocols for ad-hoc routing protocols.

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A disc brake is an automobile component is used to suddenly stop or retard the motion of a vehicle in running condition. When the vehicle is in the running condition it has kinetic energy and by application of brake it stops, but as the energy cannot be destroyed it is going to be converted in some other form of energy and this energy is nothing but the heat energy which is produced due to rubbing surfaces of the brake and wheel base which is not desired and the heat must be dissipated quickly in surrounding. The present study is fully based on the heat flux generation and its dissipation rate in low and high speeds of a vehicle so that the failure condition can be obtained. The speed is varied from as low as 2.5 m/s to as high as 8m/s. The results are being plotted in form of graphs also to see the time based variation in heat dissipation rates.

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Poor working conditions of any type have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety. Study about occupational health and safety can prevent industrial accidents and diseases, and at the same time it can recognize the connection between worker health and safety, the workplace, and the environment outside the workplace. Industrial buildings have huge impact on environment and workers. Green building application in existing industrial building can help to control impacts on workers and environment. This study will conclude the green design concepts for preparing proposal to enhance indoor environment and occupational safety for workers.

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For the last few years there has been a rapid increase in the utilisation of aluminium alloys in various fields due to its superior properties and performance. The purpose of this study is to Fabricate Al-Fe composite through powder metallurgy route with varying compositions. Different samples (Fe compositions 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 Wt.%) of the composite were fabricated and various properties were observed for the fabricated composites.. Then XRD and SEM analysis of the samples were done to study the phases present and their distributions along with idea of composition. This study also involves the effect of adding iron particulates on tensile behavior of Iron-Aluminium metal based composites.

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The popularity of steel bridge is increasing in these days due to its advantages. Road–rail bridges are bridges shared by road and rail lines. Road and rail may be segregated so that trains may operate at the same time as cars .The rail track can be above the roadway or vice versa with truss bridges. Road and rail may share the same carriageway so that road traffic must stop when the trains operate or operate together like a tram in a street. Track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. The study of this paper is the manually design of Railway-road bridge in case of broad gauge and meter gauge track. The comparative parameter of the study is Load, Shear Force and bending moment. The study reveals that the Meter gauge railway track has less load, Shear Force and bending moment as compare to broad gauge railway track.

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For sustaining in the current market scenario, the invention should be innovative & product features should be attractive, cost effective & user friendly. While considering the today’s demand, the multi-positionable and multipurpose seat for an automotive vehicle is always desirable. The aim of the study deals with the new concept for the automotive vehicles consisting of reverse movement of seat back to provide front or rear facing seating position to the occupants on the same seat by reversing only seat back. This reversible seat back design should meet the regulations such as, IS 15546, AIS 016, and ECE 17. The performance and design criteria for seat systems require that the seat should be lighter for reduced fuel consumption while still meeting the safety requirements specified by legislation. The safety requirements for seats include headrests, seat back static and dynamic structural performance etc. as defined by pertinent regulation. Also this paper deals with the seat design that provides weight reduction in the overall seat as compared with conventional seats. Lighter seat improves vehicle fuel efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions is another advantage for this innovation. Reversible seat mechanism will be useful for car, bus, train and aero plane seats.

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as the advanced technology is easier& simple to use, the manual system are been replaced by the automatic system. In the last decade, FPGA is one of the important digital circuit media. The Architecture is the crucial part of its design. The architecture is having huge effect on its performance, power supply, etc. In the survey we have look after modern FPGA architecture and its future version.

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Cognitive radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization by enabling secondary access to unused licensed bands. A prerequisite to this secondary access is having no interference to the primary system. This requirement makes spectrum sensing a key function in cognitive radio systems. Among common spectrum sensing techniques, energy detection is an engaging method due to its simplicity and efficiency. The growing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the usage of available radio spectrum which is limited and precious resource. Cognitive radio is a promising technology which provides a novel way to improve utilization efficiency of available electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a cluster-based optimal selective CSS scheme is proposed for reducing reporting time and bandwidth while maintaining a certain level of sensing performance. Clusters are organized based on the identification of primary signal to-noise ratio value, and the cluster head in each cluster is dynamically chosen according to the sensing data qualities of CR users. The cluster sensing decision is made based on an optimal threshold for selective CSS which minimizes the probability of sensing error. A parallel reporting mechanism based on frequency division is proposed to considerably reduce the time for reporting decision to fusion center of clusters. In the fusion center, the optimal Chair-Vashney rule is utilized to obtain a high sensing performance based on the available cluster’s information.

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Now-a-days, E-mailing has proved to be one of the most important way of communication. There is a growth in number of Email messages that are being sent and received world-wide. Increase in the number of Emails also increases their vulnerabilities towards spam mails which tend to time wastage of users as well as wastage of bandwidth. Machine Learning techniques are widely used in Detection and Filtration of Spam mails. In this paper, we have evaluated the probabilities of spam and ham Emails using various spam detection algorithms.

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there has been a considerable imbalance between availability of conventional building material and their demand in the recent past. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on production of bricks from waste materials. This paper presents an experimental study on the utilization of waste materials viz. Fly ash and waste plastic to produce ecofriendly bricks. Considering the abundant availability of fly ash waste and waste plastic, an attempt has been made to manufacture the ecofriendly brick by using 60 % liquefied waste plastic and 40 % fly ash. The compressive strength and absorption of ecofriendly brick was 9.7N/mm2 and 2.75% which was much better the same size (22×12×4cm) clay brick. With negligible water absorption and satisfactory compressive strength in comparison with other fly ash brick or mud brick the ecofriendly brick can compensates the increasing demand of conventional building materials.

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Social media systems facilitate the emergence of subject teams that talk actual world occasions. Their content material reflects a ramification of cause ranging from social fascinating (e.g., volunteering to help) to industrial interest (e.g., criticizing product capabilities). Consequently, mining purpose from social records will resource in filtering social media to help teams, like Associate in nursing emergency management unit for helpful resource designing. However, powerful reason mining is inherently difficult thanks to ambiguity in interpretation, and scantiness of applicable behaviors in social information. we have a tendency to bestowed a completely unique approach to classify intent of Social-Text employing a hybrid approach that mixes knowledge-guided patterns with grammar features(intent) supported bag of tokens victimization this, we have a tendency to style efficient cooperative data systems that facilitate organizations efficiently filter content to fulfill their data desires additionally as interact targeted voters.

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nowadays, several moving picture trailers area unit on the market on social media and severally indicate whether or not they like or dislike those video trailers. It’s into new direction, Video Content analysis-the illustration and modeling of affection video content [1]. The most focus of this work is to extract the options. The supply of methodologies for extracting content wills extent the present scope of video. The effective content is color, shot and motion. Among several of the multimedia system options, single low-level multimedia system options of shot length variance area unit extremely prognosticative of a viewers like/dislike. The user might want to pick out a moving picture not solely supported its solid, director and story content. Feature extraction and machine learning approaches are often used wont to calculate the score range of like and dislike. Color options, motion options and shot options area unit extracted. Here we have a tendency to calculate the score exploitation shot writing variance pattern. This calculated score supports to predict the success of preview before launching. It helps to avoid the loss of administrators. A trailer needs to have interaction viewers for fewer than a pair of minutes and thirty seconds, that is that the most length allowed by the MPAA (Motion image Association of America). So, the trailer aims to inform the story of a movie in engaging fashion. it's price to mention that in comparison these functions, the ratings of like/dislike correlate closely with the viewer’s written responses to the preview videos. For police investigation the changes in scene some fast scene analysis algorithms area unit used [2].

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Cloud computing offer services and resources on demand anyplace and anytime to client. In cloud service supplier profit is one among the foremost vital thought. Typically single future dealings theme is employed to configure cloud platform however those single future dealings theme doesn't offer guarantee service quality and resources waste. During this paper, firstly double resource dealings theme designed. And short term dealings theme and future dealings theme are combined, thus existing resources. M/M/m+D queuing model is employed in double dealings theme .In this paper profit maximization downside solved by victimization double quality guaranteed(DQG) theme, finally offer warranted service quality of all requests and scale back resource waste greatly, however additionally get additional profit than the latter. Associate in nursing effective and efficient thanks to offer computing resources and services to customers on demand, cloud computing has become additional and additional in style. From cloud service supplier’s perspective, profit is one among the foremost vital issues, and it's principally determined by the configuration of a cloud service platform beneath given market demand. However, one semi-permanent dealings theme is typically adopted to configure a cloud platform that cannot guarantee the service quality however ends up in serious resource waste. During this paper, a double resource dealings theme is intended firstly within which short dealings and semi-permanent dealings are combined aiming at the prevailing problems. This double dealings theme will effectively guarantee the standard of service of all requests and scale back the resource waste greatly. Secondly, a service system is taken into account as Associate in Nursing M/M/m+D queuing model and also the performance indicators that affect the profit of our double dealings theme are analyzed, e.g., the common charge, the magnitude relation of requests that require temporary servers. Thirdly, a profit maximization downside is developed for the double dealings theme and also the optimized configuration of a cloud platform is obtained by resolution the profit maximization downside.

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enter into soil. It is ability to permit water in soil. According to Darcy’s law for laminar flow, discharge velocity is directly proportional to hydraulic gradient. Permeability gets affect by specific surface area, shape of particle, size of particle, void ratio, fluid properties, degree of saturation, organic matter etc. There are some laboratory test and some are field test to find out the permeability of soil. Laboratory test are constant head test, falling head test, capillarity permeability test and consolidation test. Pumping out test and pumping in test methods is the field test. This paper presents a review on determination of soil permeability.

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Friction stir processing (FSP) has recently become an effective micro structural modifications technique. Reported results showed that for different alloys, Friction stir processing (FSP) produces very fine equated and homogeneous grain structure. This study focused on the optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) process for an optimal parametric combination to yield favorable tensile strength and elongation using the Genetic algorithms (GA). The objective functions have been selected in relation to parameters of FSW parameters; rotating speed, welding speed and tool shoulder diameter. The experiments were planned using Genetic algorithms L8 orthogonal array. Optimization was applied using Genetic algorithms and optimization approach is used to solve the problem. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) that are related to the stochastic optimization techniques which have been used with a very success in solving problems. The genetic engineering models were originally developed by Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and evolution in natural systems. The "survival-of the-fittest" and "genetic propagation of characteristics" are the principles of biological evolutions and uses for finding the solution of an optimization problem enforces by Genetic Algorithms (Gas)The significance of the factors on overall quality characteristics of the welding process has also been evaluated quantitatively by the Genetic algorithms method. Optimization results have been verified through confirmation experiments. GA coding is develop from the MATLAB, similarly to other method can be use to improve optimization of the manufacturing process.

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Pervious concrete is an ideal tool of sustainable development because of its environmental benefits. It composed of cement, course aggregate, water and admixtures. In this study, cement kiln dust (CKD) was used to replace. Six mixes were prepared by replacing of cement with 0%, 10 %, 20 %, 30%, 40%, and 50% of CKD. 0.36 W/C ratio and 10-20 mm size aggregate were used in this experimental investigation. Super-plasticizer admixture was used at constant quantity to ease the placing and handing of pervious concrete mixtures. The aim of proposed work was to assess the suitability of utilizing cement kiln dust (CKD) as partial replacement of cement in the production of pervious concrete to be used as paving materials. The effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) the properties of pervious concrete were investigated by conducting compressive strength test, split tensile strength test, permeability test, water absorption test and durability (sodium chloride solution) test,. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the compressive and split tensile strength increase when replacing the cement with 10% CKD. It was found that replacing the cement with CKD beyond 20% showed a gradual reduction in both compressive and split tensile strengths. Permeability coefficient also showed a gradual reduction in the results with the increment of CKD replacement. The water absorption results showed that replacing the cement with CKD increases the water absorption of pervious concrete. Durability % in terms of weight loss showed that % values of durability were increased when the cement is replaced with CKD. It was concluded that the cement kiln dust can be used to replace the cement up 50% but the effective replacement of these materials is up 20% with increased strength with a slight reduction on the permeability of pervious concrete.

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Biodiesel was one of the alternative sources of energy. Bio-diesel was produced from various sources such as edible oils, non-edible oils, algae and animal fats. The aim of the project is to produce biodiesel from pine oil in order to displace diesel fuel to maximum extent level. The pine oil was blended with diesel as per ASTM standards. The pine oil has good atomization and lower viscosity compared to that of diesel. As a result, the pine oil can be blended directly with diesel fuel without trans-esterification. The various blends were tested in a single cylinder DI diesel engine coupled to eddy current dynamometer. The performance and emission characteristics of pine oil blends (B10 & B20) were compared with the results of base fuel. The results show that pine oil blends give better performance. The NOx emission level is increased compared to that of diesel, while the oxides of Carbon and Sulphur are decreased slightly.

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