The modern challenge faced with the global energy situation is the growing energy demand and the strong dependence on unsustainable fossil fuels. Another concurrent issue is the adverse health and socio-economic implications of adult obesity. Human Power Generation, which uses metabolized human energy to generate electrical power, could potentially address both these challenges. One of the most popular exercise machines, presently consumes large amounts of energy while dissipating a majority as heat. The purpose of this project is to design and develop a human powered electricity generator and determine its power generation potential. Again the supplies of fossil fuels are limited and their utilization as energy source causes environmental degradation due to unfinished ignition when used as energy source, in addition to this as the world population increase the order for energy sources increases, so the issue of a steady replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy source is of major consideration for most countries. Renewable power generation system is currently preferred for clean power generation. With ongoing revolution in the generation, electricity is generated at small level by using bicycle pedal.

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removal of pollutants is an increasingly important goal in Sewage Treatment Plant. Practical and cost-effective biological pollutant removal technologies are needed, especially in older plants with limited space for expansion and in constructions exceeding 20,000m2 should have on-site facilities in their premises for collection, treatment and facilities for reuse or safe disposal of sewage. Treating wastewater using Fluidised Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR) is a technique that has hailed as the most important significant development in wastewater treatment. The application of FBBR technology for wastewater treatment is a breakaway from traditional technology since it combines the best features of activated sludge process and trickling filter. FBBR, which combines suspended growth and attached growth processes by adding free floating biofilm carriers into the aeration tank is highly an effective biological treatment process and has attracted significant interest in the field of wastewater. This paper presents removal of organics, suspended solids and nutrients from domestic wastewater with Kaldnes K1 in FBBR. A laboratory scale FBBR model was fabricated in order to study the performance of FBBR in treating domestic wastewater with respect to operational parameters such as percent filling and HRT. The study was carried out, the biological treatment process by optimizing the percent filling of 10%, 20% and 30% to the reactor volume at HRT 3hours, 4hours and 5hours. The operation of the reactor was operated in a continuous mode. Samples were collected at regular intervals and test for removal efficiency of pollutants were analyzed. Monitoring the results, it was found that 30% filling rate at 5hr, Kaldnes was efficient. Classical nitrification and denitrification and the typical enhanced biological phosphorus removal process were achieved in the reactor with 30% Kaldnes filling rate at 5hr, which operated with a volumetric organic loading of 0.84gCOD/L/d. The removal efficiencies for BOD, COD, TSS, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus were found to be 87%, 80%, 84%, 51% and 61% respectively. Kaldnes media’s removal efficiency was practical and a cost-effective carrier for organics, suspended solids and nutrients removal in domestic wastewater.

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Extreme competition in the professional Institutes for enrollment of students now a days this has enforced many Institution to become “professional” and apply advertising in enrollment students both locally and internationally. The main objective of this paper is to build up a conceptual framework to explore the Professional institutions factors that influence students’ Institution choice decision. The independent variables that have been acknowledged to have prejudiced of students’ Institutions choice decision of Primary are Infrastructure or educational facilities, employment opportunities or placement and pricing & offers or fee structure and secondary are location, academic programme, college reputation, and availability of financial aid, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), representatives and campus visit.

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Alternate fuel have a great importance and should have replenishing capacity. We spend one third of income for vehicle fueling. The vehicles emit harmful emissions like CO, Nox, HC, etc. in the form of smoke. These emissions are harmful and pollutes the environment. Water is one of the free recourses and by applying the technique of electrolysis, it can be converted into hydrogen with oxygen, its chemical term is Oxy-Hydrogen and in general “Free Energy”. A predetermined level of Oxy-Hydrogen is mixed with filtered air and that mixture is added to the engine intake. This mixed Oxy-Hydrogen ignites in the combustion chamber releases extra energy from the Oxy-Hydrogen which leads to complete burning of the fuel. Oxy-Hydrogen is popular and common gas produced from electrolysis. The outcome we get by this project is that there is increase in mileage of the vehicles up to certain percentage according to their specification & running condition of vehicle & also there is a reduction of harmful emissions up to certain percentage. There is increase in the life of engine lubricating oil up to certain service timing & reduction in suspended carbon particles inside the combustion chamber. From above description we can say that the fuel efficiency and vehicle performance are increased. The emissions of harmful and toxic gases are reduced up to some percentage. This is the safest method to give clean & healthy environment to the next generation people by installing this Oxy-Hydrogen model in all two and four wheelers gasoline vehicles.

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A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a combination of several sensor nodes that work together to monitor an area. Every node in WSN collect data from the area in which it is deployed and after collecting sends them to the base station. For removing the issues in WSN a protocol is mostly used named LEACH. It is a cluster-based protocol which aims at reducing energy dissipation in the network. This paper presents a survey on clustering techniques and algorithms discussed in the literatures of wireless sensor networks. In this paper we make a review over several protocols like LEACH, SEP, LEACH-C.

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This work describes the parametric study for the analysis and design of Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridge piers with solid circular cross sections which are typically used in deep valley bridge viaducts. The adequacy of the cross sections of piers has been studied for 2 lane road bridges for 5m to 20m in height for 16m span bridge. “MIDAS CIVIL” software is used as a platform for the analysis and design. The aim of this study is to generate database for preliminary design of pier R.C. bridges under seismic loading. Using the database, the user would be able to establish design of the bridges, given the structural scheme and other design parameters, understanding the behaviour of pier of RCC bridges under seismic condition and also Design of Pier as per IRC: 112-2011 (Ultimate Limit State).The study report contains charts that represent utilization ratio and percentage of steel for initial estimates for different types of pier forms for RCC bridges. And finally, Parametric study is done to obtain economic diameter of the pier for which we get optimize design of the pier.

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This research is based on image robustness and high capacity steganography. In this paper, implement a new method for Image Steganography for presentation analysis of high robustness of Color images using Singular value decomposition (SVD) method with different attacks. This work maintains the quality of the cover image which is the key feature of this research. Even though it creates use of transform domain manner which most effective provides robustness in opposition to attacks and eavesdropping and it's recognized that spatial domain strategies most commonly meet the potential and great requisites. The experimental outcome is based on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), SNR, Weighted PSNR (WPSNR), Structural Content (SC) and Mean Square Error (MSE) is computed to measure picture value for proposed method for higher outcome as in comparison with prior tactics of information hiding.

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paper aims at providing solution for the manual handling of trolley at basket level of the “continuous casting and rolling” using gearbox powered by electric motor. The use of chain drive for the purpose of automated material handling to move the basket of coiled wire and replace another basket. In this project we proposed an automated material handling which is easy to implement and cost effective. The basket of coiled wire is to be automatically moved using the foot mounted motor with gearbox driven by chain and sprocket mechanism. Generally, handling control systems can be fully integrated into the business to gain the maximum benefits from the investment. Testing the design of a conventional automated material handling system is essential to ensure that system will provide the expected benefits after implementation.

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Computer application in health care or computer aided health care is the mostly concentrated domain. PACS (Picture Achieving and Communication System) is one such application that helps in retrieving, storing, maintaining and manipulating the DICOM images, patient and hospital details. In this paper the focus is on the health care, PACS, tools and technologies used for automation testing of the PACS product, how automation would be helpful to radiologists as the end users.

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In mobile ad-hoc networks, the task of routing protocols is to control the node’s decision to route the packet from the source to destination. A very significant factor in the determination of efficiency of any Manet protocol is the task of discovering and sustaining the routes in the network. In this network nodes links with other nodes present in the network without any centralized power, instead every node acts as a router that forwards or route the packets to other nodes. In ad hoc networks the node announces its presence and other nodes listens to the announcements made by the nodes in its locality, in this way they come to know the other nodes with which communication can be done. Reactive routing protocols come crossways out the route by flooding the preparation with Route Request packets. The basic target of each network protocol is to find the legitimate route between the two nodes that want to interact. In this paper we will review and evaluate the performances of these protocols.

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Pulse modulators are used to produce high-voltage, high-power pulses with durations of several hundred microseconds up to some milliseconds Marx modulator is one such modulator used in Klystrons or Magnetrons. Klystron is used to amplify the RF signal Marx modulator uses the parallel series principle of charging and discharging to charge/discharge the capacitors. This paper describes the testing of a single module of 2.5 kV, 1ms Marx modulator. IGBT is used as a switch. A trigger circuit was used for triggering of the IGBT driver circuit.

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Plates with stiffener are used in many fields of engineering. These stiffened plates are used to strengthen large structures, and these stiffened plate consists large stiffeners like longitudinal stiffeners and transverse stiffeners is to reduce buckling and bending and also to avoid damages on plates. These structures avoid damage to dynamic load and collision. Plates with stiffener are in the form curved structures or flat structures. Flat structures are used in automobile industries, ship industries and also used in aircraft industries to make wings of an aircraft. Curved structures are used in aircraft industries to build fuselage that is main body of an aircraft. In plates to determine whether it is thick or thin only if width to thickness ratio of plate is larger than 100 then it is very thin, if ratio is with 20 to 100 than it is moderately thin, if ratio is with 3 to 20 it is thick, if ratio is more than 3 then is very thick plate. Buckling stress is depend upon the type of boundary condition which we used in the structure while finding stress. Modal analysis is also done to determine vibration characteristics such as natural frequency.

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The concrete found to be very durable when mixed with proper ingredients, adjusting water-cement ratio and proper control during mixing stage. The ingredient which constitute in the concrete is normally cement, sand and coarse aggregate in presence of water, but due to continuous demand of these material the scarcity developed in market hence the alternative material for producing the concrete is need of time. The marble sludge powder is waste and readily available which can be used as cement partial replacement. The use of recycle coarse aggregate from demolished structure as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate is an innovative approach to produce concrete without affecting its durable nature but try to enhance the strength of mix by replacing it. In this paper different percentage of recycle coarse aggregate (RCA), marble sludge powder is replaced with coarse aggregate and cement to produce concrete, the replacement percentage ranges from 20%, 30% and 40%. The results of these innovative samples is then compared with conventional concrete of grade M25.

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There are many scientific experiments performed in the NASA’s very own International Space Station, which is the largest Low-Earth Orbiting Satellite, till date. The results of these experiments are needed to be conveyed down to the earth station via Radio Waves. All about the current status of ISS studies and its information is broadcasted all around the globe. Access to this information does not need any licensing authorization from any of the space research organizations. This information can be publically accessed by anyone on Earth. The Project O.S.C.A.R. (Orbital Satellite Communication using Amateur Radio) focuses on the same concept as mentioned above. O.S.C.A.R. is basically one of the basic and simplest ground stations for receiving the signals transmitted from ISS. This project has been subdivided into three stages, viz. Signal Reception, FM demodulation and Audio conversion. This project shall be completed with the fabrication of a simple Yagi Uda antenna resonating at a frequency of 145.800MHz. The antenna is well receptacle to circularly polarize audio signals sent by ISS; a FM demodulator circuit and an audio conversion circuit which would convert the signals to audible sound through speakers. With the help of this project any person around the world can listen to the astronauts and can also setup a scheduled communication link for gaining the information for further explorational. Thus, O.S.C.A.R. would give one of the simplest ways to leap into the domains of modern satellite communication systems and space research.

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The ECG signal is the recording of the electrical potential of heart versus time. The analysis of ECG signal has most important in the detection of cardiac abnormalities, ECG signals are often infected by the types of noises. Power line interference (50/60 Hz) is the main source of noise. Thus, for proper monitoring and diagnosis of the health conditions of hearts of human beings and for proper medical treatment the noises present in ECG signal must be removed. In this paper for the removal of noise, an Adaptive LMS algorithm is used and provides the result of cleaning ECG signal.

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The experimental work was aimed at evaluating the effect of B4C reinforcement on Al-2014 alloy, which effects hardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength, and wear properties this composites. These Aluminum metal matrix composites with individual and multiple reinforcement are finding increased applications in aerospace, automobile, space, underwater and transportation applications. An effort is made to study the properties of AMCs by reinforcing Al-2014 matrix with varying proportion of Boron carbide by stir casting method. Aluminum Al-2014 alloy matrix of varying proportions of 90 micron boron carbide particulates were fabricated with the addition of K2TiF6 as a wetting agent. The microstructure and strength properties of the fabricated AMCs were analyzed using SEM and EDS. The microstructure study revealed the homogeneous dispersion of B4C particles in the matrix. Based on the results obtained from the Hardness the metal matrix composites it is observed that, the hardness is increases with increase in the amount of reinforcements. Even though in the case of tensile and compressive strength is increased with increase in B4C reinforcement.

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The main goal of this paper is to improve daily problem of public bus transportation system. Traditional method of ticketing is like every bus has one conductor who will collect money and issue ticket to each passenger. This process takes lots of time and more use of paper, it also create manual error sometimes. Also money exchange problem, ticketing problem etc, to overcome that problem a new system is introduced i.e. Smart transit ticketing system. Similar system was introduced for railway transportation system but not for bus transportation system in India. Smart transit ticketing will provide clear and smart ticketing without any manual error. It includes smart card reader, LPC2148, keypad, LCD display. A smart card will store information about passenger like name, amount, a unique ID number etc. Passenger will keep that smart card with him whenever he wants to travel through bus. When passenger will travel along a route he will give a smart card to conductor. The conductor will swipe that smart card in smart card reader device. All the information will get read from card and will be displayed on the device. According to destination stop, conductor will do entry and required amount will get deducted from the account of smart card holder. Like this one by one entry of each and every passenger will get done in smart card reader device by conductor. Then smart card will hand over back to passenger. In more advance way encryption and decryption term will get add for security purpose.

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There has been rising demand for security system that must be dependable and quick respond for offices and companies also. RF (Radio Frequency) module is one of the consistent and cheap device that is used all over the world for moderate distance communication. RF module is easily available in market and its easy to use too. Science has made lot of changes not only in communication system but also in control systems which makes its programming simple. The paper is about access control system using RF module. The circuit is built over RF transmitter and RF receiver which are operating on 434MHz with encoder IC HT12E and decoder IC HT12D. The main objective of this project is to make system totally automated which will be cheap, easy to handle, and mostly important secured which will be useful for calling employee or staff from another cabin or we can say cabin to cabin calling system with minimum cost required.

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Clustering is a tool in an Information Retrieval field, which try to identify the group of documents which is more similar than others. Some literature says that it is a tool to find patterns in the data. Most of these clustering algorithms rely on some external functions like similarity functions, criterion functions, algorithm and initial condition, similarity measure, etc. Suffix Tree Clustering STC is a tree based data structure to display the characteristic of documents in terms of common phrases and perform string and query matching. From a survey, it was revealed that half of the online users did not get what they are actually looking for in the web using any search engine. Suppose, you have a million of text file in your server or in your computer, then there is a need to categorize them on the basis of their content in a very efficient way. As a result, IR (Information Retrieval) tool has been developed it provides a more effective ways for users to categorize relevant data. In this research work, a new an optimized clustering method for document indexing of web pages based on document index graph (DIG) is proposed. It will generate the clusters based on the common phrases and also on the single terms. The technique will be implemented in accuracy and total time consumption of algorithm. The proposed technique will be implemented in online or in offline bases. In the online side, the webpage checking and phrase searching in web pages are implemented. In the offline side, the downloaded pages of different websites are processed, clustered and histogram is designed. The results obtained are satisfactory.

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It is quite hard to study the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) directly because of their nanoscaled sizes. Thus we use computer simulation software to simulate the structures of SWCNT and measure the structural parameters, i.e., bond lengths and bond angles for different types of SWCNT and found that diameter have significant effects on these bond lengths and bond angles. Results for (n, n) armchair tubes show that one bond length is greater than that of the other two bond lengths which are equal to each other. Two bond angles are same but different from third bond angle. Bond lengths expend with increase in tube diameter. Two bond angles start equally increasing but third one decreases with increase in tube diameter. In (n, 0) zigzag SWCNT, two bond lengths are same and decrease with increase in diameter. These bond lengths are different from third bond length which increases with increase in diameter. Two bond angles are equal and show no change on increasing tube diameter. Third bond angle starts increasing and become constant with increase in tube diameter. For (n, m) chiral SWCNT, bond lengths are different from each other and starts increasing with increase in tube diameter but beyond 1.053 nm diameter two bond lengths become constant and equal to each other. Two bond angles are decreased on increasing tube diameter but above 1.424 nm diameter one bond angle starts increasing. Third bond angle increases with increase in diameter of SWCNT tube.

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Internet is one of the revolutionary technological innovations and B2C commerce is one of the notable applications of this innovation. When companies are trying to make commercial use of this innovation, there is still lot of resistance from the consumers. Any innovation is accepted by the consumer after the risk factor in it is removed which acts as a constraint in trying out the new innovation. It is the consumer perception which is responsible for formation of this constraint. One of the consumer perceptions is the perception towards risk. Consumer perception towards internet for purchase decisions is discussed in the current paper. Perceived Risk is an important dimension in consumer behaviour studied by Bauer (1960). The current study tries to explore this Perceived Risk dimension of consumer innovation perception towards using internet for making purchase decisions. There is always uncertainty in the outcome of using any new innovation. There is initial resistance by the consumers because of the risk factor involved in it. The current study tries to the understand this consumer perceived risk in using technology for making purchases. There were very few studies on the concept of perceived risk in Indian context which formed the main gap for the study.

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Cloud associations would perceivable inside those private, open what's more benefits of the business spaces. A few from claiming these associations would depended upon with make reliably with respect to and bring an essential nature; in this way, security and versatility are ceaselessly fundamental focuses of see. Recollecting the genuine destination with remain adaptable, a cloud needs the capacity to respond will alluded should perils, what's more will new tests that target cloud establishments. We exhibit those certified nature for premium recognizing verification under those one-class backing vector machine (SVM) specifying during those hypervisor level, through those usage from claiming parts assembled In those structure furthermore schema levels of a cloud focal point. We show that our plan might fulfill a helter skelter affirmation exactness of more than 90 percent same time perceiving different sorts of malware Also dos strike.

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The financial institutions are more concentrate in the financial statements. Use of financial statements in growth of financial institutions and the banking sectors also, the financial statement affected in some variables are namely, working capital analysis, profitability analysis, activity analysis and the financial structure analysis. These variables are most using in this paper is studied about the comparative analysis of private and public banking sectors. I have use of the research technique is regression analysis and the research design is descriptive study and also collected from the data was secondary data in some books, journals, articles, etc. This study result is most use for the service receiving the customers to the banks.

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Safety and security are the most important points in the transportation field. Installation of Smart video surveillance system is the effective way to have safety protection on roads. Vision-based surround perception has progressed from its infancy into maturity. This work includes the video surveillance system for railway transportation system at Level Crossing (LC) environments. Latest security initiatives in the field of railway transportation propose to implement video surveillance at level crossing (LC) environments. This work additionally proposes that lane detection to be implemented to increase the accuracy of the system to detect the moving objects. This system is tuned for detecting & evaluating abnormal situations induced by users (pedestrians, vehicle drivers, and unattended objects) in LCs. This system firstly detects and then separates the moving objects shot in LC. The method starts by detecting pixels affected by motion as a pre-treatment phase. Once the targets are extracted from the current frame, the objective is to track them. The proposed analysis allows for also recognizing hazard scenarios.

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the objective of this paper is to present an overview on a new combined methodology for efficient improvement in productivity with the help of various Work Study Methods. This study proposes genuine solutions & concepts for implementing Work Study Methods in construction industries. The study focuses on crucial area of productivity improvement with use of work study technique mixed with modern soft skills. Management needs to understand its application not just from angle of production improvement or resource utilization, but also should address the soft side of workers psychology to give the best for accepting the productivity solutions, and a part during implementation to make the study really worth its time and effort. Time and motion study is carried out to assess human effectiveness by improved planning to its employees. It is employed in the assessment of the human efforts in various aspects to lead systematically to many factors which ultimately affect sufficiency and economy of the situation under study in realizing the objectives of bringing about improvements.

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