The chassis frame forms the backbone of a vehicle. Automotive chassis is the main carriage system of a vehicle. The two-wheeler chassis consists of a frame, suspension, wheels and brakes. Commonly used material for two-wheeler chassis is steel. Steel material makes the chassis frame heavy and thereby increasing overall weight of vehicle. Weight reduction is the crucial issue in today’s automotive industries since it greatly affects the fuel efficiency of vehicle. Composite materials providing outstanding solution to this problem. The present work here attempts to incorporate the change in material of chassis of two wheeler vehicle which could provide higher strength to chassis and have lesser weight of the chassis rendering it a higher life of operation. The new proposed material are E- Glass, S- Glass and Carbon Epoxy whose material properties are compared with conventional material of chassis used that is steel. The chassis of two wheeler is geometrically modeled in CAD software which is CATIA V5 and analysis done on ANSYS workbench.

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This paper reviews the basic principle of solar pond and problems encountered in their operation and maintenance. A solar pond is a shallow body of water which acts as a solar collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. Solar ponds are mainly two types: convective solar ponds and non-convective solar ponds. The shallow solar pond and the deep salt less pond are the examples of convective type. There are three types of non-convective solar ponds: salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP), membrane solar pond and polymer gel layers solar pond. A SGSP is a pool of water about 1-5 m deep, which contains dissolved salts to establish a stable density gradient. There are three layers in a SGSP: upper convective zone (UCZ), lower convective zone (LCZ) and salinity gradient non-convective zone (NCZ) in the middle. The Solar Gradient Solar Pond is the most eco-friendly and environment-friendly among all the solar energy systems for electricity generation, desalination, hot water applications in agriculture, green house heating, domestic hot water production and space heating and cooling of buildings.

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Steganography and cryptography are most popular and highly used technique to tackle data/information so that its existence can be hidden. These techniques can be applied in computer science mainly for data transmission of highly secured files and documents between international governments, to protect e-mail messages, and very importantly credit card information, and corporate data, etc. Cryptography manipulates a data so it cannot be understood whereas Steganography hides the data so that it seems it never existed. A secret message, for example, might produce suspicion on the receiver side while a hidden data generated with steganographic technique will not. Steganography can be utilized when cryptography is not allowed. When encryption and cryptography are deprived, steganography can come into picture where a secret data or message can be passed on secretly. Steganography does not work when the “foe” is able to recognize the content of the secret message, cryptography does not work when the “foe” detects a secret message lying in the steganographic medium. The practices which study techniques for decoding secret messages and recognizing hidden data are called cryptanalysis and steganalysis.The aim of this paper is to build a system to embed secret data inside cover file using an improved LSB information hiding algorithm (using 3rd significant bit), using a combination of information hiding and cryptography. Through the implementation and comparison of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), it shall be concluded that the improved LSB information hiding algorithm using the encryption technology is better than general LSB steganographic method with better security and higher PSNR.

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Wireless sensor consist of various sensor nodes connected to the one or the more weather monitoring station in star topology. Nowadays wireless sensor nodes are increases But at sense resistive data cannot easily transmitted for security purpose because of third party leakage. so that’s why vulnerable to attacks and the need for a strong security mechanisms. So data cryptography is a very popular and secure of transmitting a data. That’s why required data cryptography to transmitting a data in secure way. Our design is based on ceaser cipher. Ceaser cipher is used to send symbolic data for privation of such a threads. By using ceaser cipher we can

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In this paper a power supply has been developed for capacitor-charging applications using a series resonant circuit topology, a constant on-time/variable frequency control scheme, and zero current switching techniques. The CCPS is based on a series resonant topology and uses IGTBs as switching devices. The proposed CCPS operates over a wide range of load conditions (varying from nearly short-circuit when the capacitor has no charge to nearly open-circuit when the capacitor is almost fully charged). This kind of performance can be best achieved by supplying a constant charging current: the instantaneous output power then is minimal at the charge beginning and maximum at the charge end. A high voltage capacitor charging power supply (CCPS) developed will be used to charge the primary capacitor bank (4.5µF) up to 3 - 5kV which will be further used to charge the main capacitor bank (38nF) up to 50kV (maximum). The capacitor bank will be discharged through a gaseous medium using high voltage thyratron and will be used to operate a pulsed Transversely Excited Atmosphere Carbon-dioxide (TEA CO2) laser at 200 Hz repetition rate. The main circuit structure of CCPS and a theoretical method for designing of various components of CCPS along with table top model testing has been analyzed in this paper. The results indicate that this design is feasible for use in capacitor-charging applications.

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Background: It is known that genetic and environmental factors may influence susceptibility to Hypothyroidism and its complications. Objective: In present investigation, we conducted a case control-based genetic screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci in CTLA-4 gene with the aim to explore the relationship between the candidate SNPs and the susceptibility to hypothyroidism (HT) in central India. Design and methods: The study was carried out on a Vindhya region population of 174 patients of hypothyroidism and 200 healthy controls. Anthropometric data were collected during sample collection. A genetic polymorphism study of CTLA-4 was undertaken using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the observed genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, and carriage rates of the CTLA-4 polymorphisms were recorded. Results: The patterns of genotype and allele distribution in both groups suggested a significant association between CTLA-4 A49G minar allele G carriage (GG carriage) and hypothyroidism. Further, the results also show the protective effect of the major allele A. Body mass index was also found to be significantly higher in female and male HT patient group than in female and male healthy controls (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and obesity have a strong association with hypothyroidism.

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The paper describes the simulation of high voltage capacitor charging power supply (CCPS) which will be used to charge the primary capacitor bank (4.5µF) up to 3 - 5kV which will be further used to charge the main capacitor bank (38nF) up to 50kV (maximum). The capacitor bank will be discharged through a gaseous medium using high voltage thyratron and will be used to operate pulsed Transversely Excited Atmosphere Carbon-dioxide (TEA CO2) lasers at 200 Hz repetition rate. A high frequency series resonant converter topology has been adopted for the CCPS. This topology provides zero current switching (ZCS) which reduces switching losses, allows higher frequency operation and increases compactness of the power supply which overall increases the efficiency of the system. The output current of power supply is limited by variable frequency control technique. The simulations are carried out in ORCAD PSPICE, version 10.5. Simulation of results for series resonant converter based capacitor charging power supply has been carried out to prove the validity of theoretical analysis.

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A PTP Approach in Network Security for Misbehaviour Detection system presents a method for detecting malicious misbehaviour activity within networks. Along with the detection, it also blocks the malicious system within the network and adds it to Blacklist. Malicious node is defined as a compromised machine within the network that performs the task provided by i.e. it does not forward the legitimate message to another node in the network or sends some other message to a neighbour node. This system is based on Probabilistic threat propagation. This scheme is used in graph analysis for community detection. The proposed system enhances the prior community detection work by propagating threat probabilities across graph nodes. To demonstrate Probabilistic Threat Propagation (PTP) considers the task of detecting malicious node in the network. Proposed System also shows the relationship between PTP and loopy belief propagation.

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The purpose of this study is to introduce everyone with the amazing features of Firebase that can be useful to rocket boost an Application. Traditionally to get best out of an app we need a huge, expensive, bulky methods or code to be used or implemented, long process of testing which consist of a server and large amount of complex codes, third party API’s and even dedicated teams. This takes customer and developer quite far from their destiny of having an application which would be reliable, bug-free and sustainable in long run. Google’s Firebase Provides such an extraordinary aid to developers/ customers which can’t be possible to think of, from traditional infrastructure. This article focuses on digging into an Amazing product named Google’s Firebase and its various features such as Cloud Messaging, Authentication, Storage, Real-time Database and few more.

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In present times, the industry is trying to replace metals with other suitable materials to get specific properties like equivalent or higher working limits in strength, hardness, heat resistance, creep resistance, etc., per given area. Ceramics offer improved qualities like high thermal and wear resistance, better hardness, creep resistance, great chemical inertness, high compression strength, etc. Ceramics have a large area of application in the aerospace industry, scientific research, nuclear work, automobile industry. In spite of this fact, industries are able to use ceramics only in few applications, since they are difficult to machine by traditional machining methods. They can be machined by non-traditional methods like ultrasonic machining, abrasive jet machining and electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM). During machining of ceramic material, certain parameters like applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and feed rates need to be optimized to achieve the desired results and efficiency. To achieve these optimum values, Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays and some regression methods are used.

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Data mining is the extraction of hidden predictive information from large dataset and also a powerful new technology with great potential to analyze important information in the data warehouses. Data objects which do not comply with the general behavior or model of the data are called Outliers. Outlier Detection in dataset has numerous applications such as fraud detection, customized marketing, and the search for terrorism. However, the use of Outlier Detection for various purposes is not an easy task. In this paper, we propose a technique for detecting outliers in an easier manner using ECLARANS-DB-scan clustering. We analyze our technique to clearly distinguish the numerical data from outliers.

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In the present work laminar cross flow convective heat transfer of nano fluids over tube banks with circular geometry under constant wall temperature condition is analyzed. Nano fluid instead of pure fluid as external cross flow is used due to its potential to increase heat transfer rate of the system. The effect of nano fluid on compact heat exchanger performance is studied and compared with that of conventional system. The two dimensional steady state Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation governing laminar incompressible flow are solved using a finite volume method for the case of flow across an in-line bundle of tube banks as commercial compact heat exchanger. The Nano fluid used was Al2O3 water 1%,2% and 3% and the performance was compared with water. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as tube shape circular and heat transfer comparison between Nano fluid and pure fluid is studied. Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient and pressure profile, Nusselt Number were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate and performance index. The increase in Reynolds number caused an increase in the heat transfer rate and a decrease in the overall bulk temperature of the cold fluid.

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Inter-Vehicle communication provides enthusiasm to many researches and innovative automobile industries. As introduction of inter-vehicle communication, it might be possible for vehicles to communicate with each other and this will provide intelligent transportation system as well as enhance the services for drivers and passengers. Thus by a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), it is an infrastructure less, decentralized multi-hop network where the mobile nodes are free to move anywhere, thus making the network topology dynamic. Blackhole attack is a serious hazard in malicious node add spoof route & advertise shortest path to destination node & absorb all data packet in it. In this paper we have survey and compare the existing solution to blackhole attack on AODV protocol using different TCP variant. Simulation based analysis of the protocols have also been done using NS-2.35.

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In this paper, an implementation of three phase synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory based control algorithm for functions of DSTATCOM in power factor correction (PFC) under nonlinear distribution system. A SRF theory based control algorithm is used for extraction of fundamental active and reactive power components of load currents. These components are used for estimation of reference source currents. The DSTATCOM is developed in three phase system and its real time performance is studied using MATLAB Simulink. The performance of DSTATCOM is found satisfactory with proposed control algorithm for nonlinear distribution system.

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In the recent time period, there is huge increase in cases of Hand arm vibration syndrome. Workers in manufacturing or construction companies are mostly affected by this syndrome. They think this is usual pain in hands and arms as they work for long periods of time, but they encounter this pain due to vibrations transmitting in their hands through the hand-held tools they are using whole time. Those transmitted vibrations cause serious damages to hands internally. Hand arm vibration syndrome is not only problem, there are also problems like carpal tunnel, Vibration White Fingers, joints dislocations, numbness, Musco-skeletel disorders etc. This paper will help to understand the problems caused by prolonged exposure of hand -held grinder. Some of major problems encountered are discussed also with some prevention ideations.

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Digital Watermarking (DW) is a crucial field for copyrights of a diversity of electronic documents and media. DW is a technique of mixing information into a digital signal (DS). In DW we work on 2 pictures one is for watermark image (WI), which is cover on the first image (secondary image) that offers protection to the picture. It acts as a digital mark, presenting the picture an excellent decision of possession or authentication. DW technique is very inspiring for image authentication (IA) or protection for attacks. This paper a review on DW their classification, application, techniques, attacks and also tampering detection (TD) in DW. We proposed a new algorithm for DW and tampering finding technique, by combing these techniques, we are able to improve the protection of image.

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There is often a need for a partial or complete disassembly and assembly of large components and subassemblies. These assemblies and subassemblies have large dimensions and weight, they operate in dynamic conditions and very hard environments and that is the reason why large forces of separation or pressing appear during assembling and disassembling. To perform these operations, the most acceptable solution is a horizontal hydraulic press with a hydraulic table to hold the components and parts in the axis of pressing or separation. By the application of CAD/CAM/CAE (CATIA, Pro/ Engineer, Solid Works, Inventor, etc.) software it is possible to quickly obtain a geometric model of a part or assembly (of a product), which gives a physical form in space as a mechanical part and assembly, an abstract form in the form of drawings for manufacturing and an information form in the database. These tools enable the analysis of functionality, the analysis of stress-deformation state, testing, etc. Software packages enable the parts and assemblies to be modelled, which are then analysed in various ways and tested prior to their creation. In the past, this process was expensive and took away a lot of time because it required exclusive prototypes and special analyses.

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Robot is a machine to execute different task repeatedly with high precision. Thereby many functions like collecting information and studies about the hazardous sites which is too risky to send human inside. Robots are used to reduce the human interference nearly 50 percent. Robots are used in different types like fire-fighting robot, metal detecting robot, etc. Robot manufacturers are today experiencing ever increasing competition in a global market. The main objective of the project is to design and analysis of single arm robot for 10 kg payload. The corresponding deflections, stresses and strains for that load will be finding out by using the method of finite element analysis (FEA).

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This study is designed to investigate the relationship between working capital management and the firm’s performance by taking a sample of 3 Indian cement forms for a period of 5 years from 2012 to 2016. A quantitative model based on financial ratios to assess the working Capital Management and policies and make more efforts to improve liquidity position and profitability. A significant portion of financial research is concerned with the management of working capital. This issue has been extensively investigated at both conceptual and empirical levels. Very few studies have been made in relation to Working Capital Management (WCM) especially in the cement industry in India. A firm is required to maintain positive Working Capital Management for conducting its day to day Operations. The firms are able to meet its short-term obligations and its continued flow can be guaranteed from a profitable venture.

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Students, researchers, system engineers and operators shows significant interest in the appearance of WiMAX because of wide used in wireless communications. Now-a-day, tremendously increased broadband services so that the WiMAX has been tipped to bring a revolution in the field. The WiMAX can also be considered to be the main technology in the implementation of other networks like wireless sensor networks. To make the standard flexible and adaptable to different frequency ranges, IEEE 802.16e PHY layer modified by WiMAX forum. The PHY layer specifies some mandatory features and some optional features to be implemented to provide a reliable end-to-end link. This paper shows WiMAX system model, WiMAX Physical layer and OFDM technique.

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Robot is a machine to execute different task repeatedly with high precision. Thereby many functions like collecting information and studies about the hazardous sites which is too risky to send human inside. Robots are used to reduce the human interference nearly 50 percent. Robots are used in different types like fire-fighting robot, metal detecting robot, etc. Robot manufacturers are today experiencing ever increasing competition in a global market. Thus we are developing the atomization in robotic arm for 10kg payload by the mean of reducing the material and excessive parts. This research paper contains the data accumulation, Calculation, and analysis results part of the project.

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There is often a need for a partial or complete disassembly and assembly of large components and subassemblies. These assemblies and subassemblies have large dimensions and weight, they operate in dynamic conditions and very hard environments and that is the reason why large forces of separation or pressing appear during assembling and disassembling. To perform these operations, the most acceptable solution is a horizontal hydraulic press with a hydraulic table to hold the components and parts in the axis of pressing or separation. It is the second part of paper in this paper we shows the data accumulated by the company then we perform the design calculation on the basis of data after that we develop a CAD model by the application of CAD/CAM/CAE (Solid Works) software.

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In this project, combines a Starter motor with side stand of any two wheeler vehicle to retrieve the side stand automatically when the engine get ignited, So here is the technology the rider of the vehicle doesn't has the responsibility to retrieve the side stand when he/she is riding it will automatically get retrieved, which means most of the road accidents can be prevented. In the world most of the two wheeler accidents are caused due to the non-retrieval of side stand so by using this technology in bikes these disaster can be stopped.

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Compromised node and denial of service are two key attacks in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless sensors have been widely deployed for a variety of applications, ranging from environment monitoring to telemedicine and objects tracking, etc. For cost effective sensor placement, sensors are usually not tamperproof devices and are deployed in places without monitoring and protection, which make them prone to different attack-s. Due to their limited capabilities, wireless sensor nodes are subject to physical attacks that are hard to defend against. The energy consumption of Gossip Crypt is lower than a public-key based solution by several orders of magnitude. In this paper, we propose a location-aware clone detection protocol, which guarantees successful clone attack detection and has little negative impact on the network lifetime. . Like in all shared-medium networks, medium access control (MAC) is an important technique that enables the successful operation of the network. One fundamental task of the MAC protocol is to avoid collisions from interfering nodes. There are many MAC protocols that have been developed for wireless voice and data communication networks. The ring structure facilitates energy efficient data forwarding along the path towards the witnesses and the sink.

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Tri-Sector Rotary Air Preheater (APH) is a regenerative heat exchanger which utilizes waste heat energy contained in hot flue gases (product of combustion) by transferring this heat to incoming air which is to boiler. In this era of energy crises APH becomes an essential part of thermal power plants, installation of APH save up to 15 % of fuel cost in power plants. In this study 3D modeling of tri-sector APH done in ANSYS DESIGN MODULAR, we assume rotor made up of porous material and properties of material as constant. Air and flue gases flows in counter flow directions & there is separate passage for primary air, secondary air and flue gases. Earlier tri-sector APH is provided with 50° primary air opening in tri sector APH based on the quality of coal (4000 to 4500 Kcal/kg) exists that time, but coal available today is of lower quality (3000 to 3500 Kcal/hr) thus more quantity of coal to be fired. For this more amount of primary air to be supplied to mills. This increased primary air flow results in high pressure drop across the APH cases higher loading of primary air fans. In order to overcome this problem we studies effect of increase in Primary air inlet opening which minimizes the primary air pressure drop across APH. We have taken four different primary air opening angles i.e. 50°, 60°, 70° & 80° and study its effect on primary air pressure drop and APH performance. Also we studies effect of variation of rotor RPM for 70° primary opening on performance of APH.

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