A pharmaceutical company in Panoli manufacturing bulk drug needs tertiary treatment to bring the effluent for the desired standards in accordance with the norms given by Gujarat Pollution Control Board. An attempt has been made to design most economical tertiary treatment for secondary effluent of the pharmaceutical company. Subsequent to the detailed analysis of the secondary effluent, it was found that BOD value was high compared to the norms given by the board. Considering the space constraint, aerated lagoon was the option available. An attempt has been made to determine the biological co-efficient in the M/S. Jyoti Om Chemical Research Centre, (lab) Ankleshwar by carrying out characterization and treatability studies. The characterization and treatability studies encompasses of determination of the analysis raw effluent as well as quality of secondary treated effluent continuously for three months. During the monitoring, samples were collected from equalization tank and V-notch chamber for raw effluent and secondary treated effluent respectively. The experiments for treatability studies were carried out in batch reactor and reduction for BOD & COD were recorded. The results were found very encouraging and therefore it was found during the investigation that aeration system without recycling of biomass is sufficient to bring the standards below the prescribed limits by the competent authority. This gives the idea that aerated lagoon system of treatment will be suitable. Many batch type experiments have been carried out to determine the biological co-efficient associated with aerated lagoon in the lab studies. The average BOD removal rate constant, K; maximum rate of substrate utilization, k; the maximum yield co-efficient, Y; endogenous decay co-efficient, kd; the average detention time and half velocity constant in aerated lagoon system were found to be 2.186 d-1, 3.92 L/mg . d-1, 0.60 mg of VSS/mg of BOD5,20 removed, 0.070 d-1; 6.5 d and 269 mg/L respectively. Based on biological constant, aerated lagoon proposed to be total two tanks, each sizing 13 m x7.5 m x 3.5 m (liq. Depth) with 0.6 m free board (F.B.) with a blower (1+1) having capacity of 3 m3/min of air flow.

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This article focuses on computational analysis of a multi-phase jet machining using finite volume approach. A nozzle has been modeled by using ANSYS geometrical module which is used to machine brittle, ductile or even composite material. A high pressurized water + air + abrasive is allowed to pass through nozzle and the effect of these “water + air + abrasive” i.e. multi-phase has been examined on the performance of nozzle. A two different nozzle has been developed with having convergent nozzle and without having convergent. The performance has been compared and on that behalf a new and optimized nozzle has been developed which having better performance than conventional nozzle. The results have been compared with other published CFD result and they shows good and similar trend.

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Steganography is the art of hiding information that prevents detection without affecting the image. It is a technique to hide secret information in image or audio visuals without any evidence of alteration. Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique can hide only 10 to 15 % of the data amounts of the cover image. LSB techniques used only true color image (24 bits color image). This is because the principle of those techniques was either to replace a special part of the frequency components of the vessel image, or to replace all the least significant bits of a multi-valued image with the secret information. In this work an improved version image steganography is used which will enhance the hiding capacity and also provides security for hidden text. Before hiding the message, it is encrypted using sequential coding & Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm using 128 bits as an input. In sequential coding technique, code is implemented sequentially starting with the top left pixel and then encodes information from top to bottom and left to right. Then the encrypted message is hidden in the stego-image with the help of random coding and is implemented randomly which encodes pixel across the entire image in an attempt to be less noticeable to analysis. The proposed technique provides more security & more data hiding capacity.

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The present study emphasizes on the integrated remote sensing and GIS approach for delineation of the groundwater potential zone in Shimla city area, Himachal Pradesh (India) using multi-criteria decision making techniques (knowledge based and analytic hierarchy process). The multiple thematic layers of influencing parameters viz. land use/ land cover, slope, geology, drainage density, geomorphology, lineament density, rainfall and soil were prepared in GIS environment using satellite images of IRS P6 LISS IV, ASTER GDEM and climatic data. Weightages were assigned to the each parameter according to their relative importance as per expert’s opinion and research studies of the region. Further, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to these parameters for demarcation of groundwater potential zones. Through applying above models five areas having very low, low, moderate, good, and very good groundwater potential zones were distinguished. The results indicated that 7% of the area had (very good-good), 11% (moderate), 50% (low) and 32% (very low) groundwater potential zones using knowledge based technique whereas 7% of the area had (very good-good), 12% (moderate), 47% (low) and 34% (very low) groundwater potential zones using analytical hierarchy process technique. The overall result shows that there was very minor change in the groundwater potentiality using both the techniques.

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Smart city is the means of urban development vision to integrate multiple information and communication technology in a secure fashion to manage information about schools, colleges libraries, transportation systems, hospitals, power plants, water supplies, waste management, law enforcement, and other community services. The goal of smart city is to improve quality of life using technology to improve the efficiency of services and meet resident’s needs. Processing and analyzing these data had become a major challenge in the recent emerging technologies. In this paper we explore the big data processing that is data related to smart cities by using the virtual machines. Here we store the data in the virtual machines which is geographically located at different distributed data centers. In order to process the big data in this paper we use machine learning techniques.

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Solar energy is a major renewable energy source with the potential to meet many of the challenges facing the world. There are many reasons to promote its share in the energy market. This power source is increasing in popularity because it is versatile with many benefits to people and the environment. Hence we could easily utilize this energy source in a better way with the help of a high efficient solar collector. In this system a conical collector is used for better heat entrapment. Since it has a conical shape it could provides better sunlight absorption and due to its configuration the tubes for water flow have been arranged in a spiral manner which gives water enough time to get heated by absorbing maximum amount of heat during its travel through the tubes. Yet another drawback of solar energy is its non-availability during off sunshine hours. Thermal energy storage materials could find a remedy to this problem. In this system as a thermal storage material PCM is used. PCM like paraffin wax could easily intensify the heat distribution in any of the solar based system . For the thermal storage purpose a three layered PCM tank comprises of a mild steel tank and a stainless steel tank is designed with copper tubes winded inside. In order to evaluate the performance of conical collector coupled with thermal storage unit they are used in solar water heating application. Hence the hot water from collector will flow through PCM tank and the phase change occurs to this thermal storage material. The thermal energy stored with in the phase change material is later be used during off sunshine hours. Using a microcontroller unit the temperature level is sensed and accordingly the valve is controlled in the solar water heater .The pump system in the water heater is also regulated using a switch with the help of a relay module. Hence the system performance will be more efficient. By using the same collector and thermal storage unit the system can be used in any of the solar based applications rather than water heating.

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Managing Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a business strategy to manage the entire product lifecycle, from design, through design and manufacturing, to service and disposal. It has been adopted by many industries such as aeronautics, automotive, textile, health, defense and other mass production industries and organization. PLM provides information technology (IT) support for all engineering activities involved in the development of a product using a highly integrated model that uses engineering objects and their relationships [1]. In PLM systems, the data object field update is known and consumes a lot of time engineer that could have been devoted to more productive work. The main feature that defines the bulk update process apart from another system of manual update and scientific workflow is its relationship-based mechanism that captures the end nodes uniformly used to form BOM and Then your field data is updated at one time.

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Recently, Energy is essential for domestic industry development and it is the main problem issue in the world. A plenty of energy problems are necessary to be urgently improved and developed. Paying the attention and efficiently economically exploiting energy are the effective way to bring down energy problems. The heat exchange process has been involved in many engineering applications of production process in industrial factories and necessary, is the parameter of great interest temperature. This paper describes the experimental work on heat transfer augmentation in the double pipe heat exchanger using a new kind of insert called twisted wire mesh. Inserts when placed in the path of flow of liquid, create a high degree of turbulence resulting in an increase in heat transfer rate and the pressure drop. The work includes determination of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient for twisted wire mesh having different twist ratios of (p/d)=4,6,8 the experimental data obtained for plain tube were verified with standard correlation two ensure validation of experimental result.

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Process of Crime analysis involves analysis for identifying and analyzing patterns and trends in crime. Reporting of crime generates huge amount of data every year. The data is collected from different sources providing the information about the crimes occurring. Using this data, we are analyzing and predicting crime and helps in preventing the crime to some extent. The Dataset is loaded in the system which gives information about the crime and it is trained to get the data in the appropriate manner. Clustering technique is used for clustering of data that helps to change in pattern automatically. Using naïve bayes, data is analysed which helps in predicting the crime type and the crime prone areas and it is visualized using bar graph in order to provide better understanding of crime patterns.

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The greenhouse effect is responsible for Global warming which leads to changes in climate which in turn gives rise to fallouts like Chennai floods in 2015. The automation in irrigation system can be implemented in precision agriculture to repel these kind of fallouts. Here an Mobile Phone which is used as remote control for automated irrigation system consisting of low cost and easy to use Arduino UNO processor. A threshold value of moisture content is determined for specific crops and various soil. This value is then compared with the value given by a moisture sensor in soil which is in terms of voltage signals. The comparison results in process of obtaining appropriate data which is provided to Arduino UNO processor. Arduino UNO and smart phone is connected via GSM module. The Arduino UNO sends notification to smart phone via. SMS service which is displayed on screen. The irrigation drive system consists of drive motor and wired controller coupled with Arduino which can be operated by remote control i.e. Android smart phone to give commands like switching ON and OFF. The real time application of above design is viable according to studies conducted on a prototype in laboratory.

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The quality and life of asphalt is significantly influenced by the kind of sub-evaluation, sub base and base course materials. The most imperative of these are the sort and nature of sub-evaluation soil. Be that as it may, in India the majority of the adaptable asphalts are should be developed over powerless and dangerous sub-grade. The California bearing proportion (CBR) of these sub-level have low, it needs to more thickness of asphalt. Diminish in the accessibility of reasonable sub base and base materials for asphalt development have prompts a quest for financial strategy for changing over locally accessible hazardous soil to appropriate development materials. The present exploration need to think about the impact of geo-framework fortification on most extreme dry thickness (MDD), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of sub-evaluation soil. The clayey sort of soil and one kind of geo-lattice were chosen for this study. From the study plainly there is extensive change in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of sub-evaluation because of geo-grid support.

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In recent years, reversible logic has considered as an efficient computing method having its applications in quantum computing, low power computing, nanotechnology and DNA computing. All of the Boolean functions can be implemented using reversible gates. Reversible logic is one of the most vital issue at present time and it has different areas for its application, those are low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, optical computing, DNA computing, digital signal processing (DSP), quantum dot cellular automata, communication, computer graphics. It is not possible to realize quantum computation without implementation of reversible logic. The main purposes of designing reversible logic are to decrease quantum cost, depth of the circuits and the number of garbage outputs. This paper provides the basic reversible logic gates, which in designing of more complex system having reversible circuits as a primitive component and which can execute more complicated operations using quantum computers. Also it focuses on some of the implementations of logic circuits.

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In our Busy life we deal with several accounts and their password so, here to reduce our confusion we can use Password reminder application. It is the application, where we have to do registration which also has a password. In this account we can store all the password and ID of different account. So, that if we forget we can get using the app. Password Reminder is a free tool that saves your passwords, log-in data, and address or location of the Web site or application that requires password access and stores the data securely in an encrypted folder in your own system. You only have to remember Password Reminder's master password to access your stored passwords and log-in data. However, that doesn't mean you can forget your other passwords; Password Reminder doesn't enter them for you, it just saves them in case you forget them.

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Heat exchangers are devices that provide the exchange of heat between two same or different fluids that are at different temperature without mixing them with each other. Plate heat exchanger is one such compact heat exchanger, provides more heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with shell and tube heat exchanger. This study is focused on use of corrugated plate heat exchanger (PHE) for water sea water and oil as working fluid. This research work deals with experimental investigation of corrugated type of PHE with evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, area, and LMTD and exchanger effectiveness. Heat exchanger for carrying out this work consists of thin metal gaskated plates of stainless steel with 0.5 mm thickness, plates with rectangular geometry and corrugations on plate surface with chevron angle 450/450, with 6 numbers of plates. Tests are conducted by varying operating parameters like, inlet temperatures of hot water and different types of fluids with mass flow rate of cold water as constant parameter. The main objective of this work is to find out effects of these parameters on performance of heat exchangers with counter flow arrangements.

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Traffic simulation is the mathematical modeling of transportation systems (e.g., freeway junctions, arterial routes, roundabouts, etc.) through the application of computer software to better help plan, design and operate transportation systems. Simulation in transportation is important because it can study models too complicated for analytical or numerical treatment, can be used for experimental studies, can study detailed relations that might be lost in analytical or numerical treatment and can produce attractive visual demonstrations of present and future scenarios. The objective of this research paper is to obtain basic calibration for the simulation of traffic condition and to justify VISSIM as reliable source in modelling traffic behaviour and serve to improve decision making in balancing the need of traffic.

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Energy is one of the major inputs for the economic development of a country. In case of developing countries, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in view of the ever increasing energy needs requiring huge investments to meet them. The growth of the world’s human population has created several problems. One of them is global warming caused by the abundance of CO2 in the atmosphere. Many of these gases are produced from electrical plants burning fossil fuels all over the world. To reduce these emanations out into the atmosphere alternative sources of energy must be used. In the last two decades wind energy has become an alternative to traditional energy sources. These alternative energy sources are non-polluting, free in their availability and renewable. In recent years advance materials, better manufacturing processes have decreased their capital costs make them more attractive. Another way to attempt to decrease the cost of these systems is by making use of these designs that uses wind. Wind turbine modules, offer greater reliable.

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Screen and CPU are two main factors resulting in fast power drains of smartphones. The mobile screen stays on for a long time when it comes to the multimedia streaming applications. A lot of energy is consumed during this period which adversely reduces the life of the battery. Yet there are many other factors too which lead to large consumption of power. In this paper, we modeled a system which efficiently manages the phone energy while playing video. The aim of this system is to compensate the power dissipation typically during multimedia streaming which is achieved by adjusting the backlight level as per video data requirement in such a way that users visual experience doesn't get affected.

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Due to the growing recognition of cloud computing, increasingly facts proprietors are encouraged to outsource their statistics to cloud servers for notable convenience and decreased price in facts management. However, touchy facts must be encrypted before outsourcing for privacy requirements, which obsoletes facts utilization like keyword-based file retrieval. In this paper, we present a relaxed multi-keyword ranked search scheme over encrypted cloud records, which simultaneously support dynamic replace operations like deletion and insertion of documents. Specifically, the vector space model and the broadly-used TF IDF version are blended within the index creation and question era. We construct a unique tree-based index structure and suggest a “Greedy Depth-first Search” set of rules to offer efficient multi-key-word ranked seek. The comfy kNN algorithm is applied to encrypt the index and question vectors, and meanwhile ensure accurate relevance score calculation between encrypted index and question vectors. In order to face up to statistical attacks, phantom phrases are delivered to the index vector for blinding search outcomes. Due to using our unique tree-primarily based index Structure, the proposed scheme can acquire sub-linear seek time and deal with the deletion and insertion of files flexibly. Extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

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An economic feasibility study of solar photovoltaic rooftop (PV) systems in our taluka multifamily buildings was carried out to examine the effects of current market conditions, incentive programmes, and building-specific parameters. Economic analyses were conducted for 108 electricity supply points for scenarios. Several cities and towns in the country are experiencing a substantial growth in their peak electricity demand. Municipal Corporations and the electricity utilities are finding it difficult to cope with this rapid rise in demand and as a result most of the Cities/towns are facing severe electricity shortages. Various industries and commercial Establishments e.g. Malls, Hotels, Hospitals, Nursing homes etc. housing complexes Developed by the builders and developers in cities and towns use diesel generators for Back-up power even during the day time. These generators capacities vary from a few Kilowatts to a couple of MWs. Generally, in a single establishment more than one Generators are installed; one to cater the minimum load required for lighting and Computer or other emergency operations during load shedding and the others for running ACs and other operations such as lifts/ other power applications. Finally, the study showed that in addition to support measures and other economic conditions, the PV system feasibility was highly sensitive to roof characteristics, electricity demand and fuse size. Our main objective is to make a case study of rooftop solar system for 5KW load. The objective this project is to select appropriate ratting of solar panel and wiring system, selection of charge controller, selection of inverter, selection of battery, considering their rating as per requirements.

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Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy. It is also the most important of the non-conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting and therefore helps in decreasing the greenhouse effect. The fossil fuel depletion is a major factor concerned today. Thus implementation of solar energy to the system is a key to improve the conventional system. Drying by exposure to the sun is one of the oldest method using solar energy for food preservation. Solar enhanced smart compact solar tunnel dryer is a system which can be used for drying domestic products like fruits, vegetables etc. Solar tunnel dryer can successfully employ a cost effective drying technique. The system consists of polycarbonate sheet and wire mesh as collecting area, solar tunnel, drying chamber, axial fan and solar panel. The design improvements of the system leads to a better performance. Potato and grapes were selected as drying material in this solar dryer. Potato and grapes were placed inside the dryer and it required 2 days to attain the final moisture content but the products placed under the open drying required 4 days to reach final moisture content. By the introduction of heat storage materials like sand and pebbles the efficiency of drying is increased. For conventional sun drying water removal rate was 0.015 kg/hr whereas for solar tunnel drying using sand as heat storage material water removal rate was increased to 0.033kg/hr and 50% time was also saved. An embedded system is integrated with the solar tunnel dryer. Temperature and humidity sensors are used for detecting the current temperature and humidity inside the dryer. Solar dryer gives faster drying rates, reduces humidity and risk of spoilage and improves the quality of the product.

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This paper gives the analysis of the relationship between Job security, Equal treatment of employees, Rewards, Job satisfaction, Management styles, Team spirit, and recognition by the students of the department Mechanical Engineering of Maharaja Engineering College, Avinashi, Tamilnadu by using self-designed questionnaires containing 20 attributes. The sample size was 157 so 157 questionnaires were distributed and only 40 were selected. Analysis was done using Microsoft excel and the result concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between students’ motivation and their career growth. Job Security, Equal treatment of employees, and Good salary were selected by the above Engineering students. Hence it may be concluded that the motivation is the very important factor in estimating the behavior of the individual.

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Research and development over the past for decades has led to significant advantages in the field of Digital Signal Processing. There are several windows used for truncated the impulse response in order to fix the filter size. The proposed adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter is designed and implemented to merge many filter parameters. The results are obtained in different window sizes and different attenuations. In this paper low pass, finite impulse response (FIR) filters are designed using the different Windows and their corresponding magnitude and phase responses are analyzed at a given filter order and its cut-off frequency.

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Energy consumption, network lifetime and packet loss are the major concerns in wireless sensor network. So for minimizing the energy of network and increasing the network lifetime, the ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed. Firstly, all the stages of Wireless sensor network such as node placement, network coverage, clustering and data aggregation and routing are optimized by the Genetic algorithm. Secondly, the proposed algorithm focuses on two parameters i.e. energy consumption and network lifetime. In Ant swarm algorithm, EAAR (Energy-aware ant-based routing) and ANTHOCNET (Adaptive nature-inspired algorithm for routing in mobile ad-hoc networks) protocols are used to minimize the energy of overall network and to follow the shortest path to reach the destination. These protocols are also used to find the number of dead nodes due to which packet loss and network lifetime improves. Lastly, APTEEN protocol with threshold energy finds the number of dead nodes by draining threshold energy to 50% and with maximum energy cluster head is selected. Results of EAAR, ANTHOCNET, APTEEN and proposed protocol (APTEEN with threshold energy) are analyzed in which proposed algorithm shows better results than APTEEN protocol where energy consumption is reduced from 90% to 60%.

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Optimum design of Tuned vibration absorber here parameters such as mass ratio (μ) need to be optimally selected to realize satisfactory performance of the system. Experimentation provides valuable insight in dynamical behaviour and gives understanding of said dimensionless parameters. It is observed that minor changes integrate very accurate results. The main objective of this paper was to design and develop an experimental set up to study the principal of tuned vibration absorber.

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The rising value of construction materials in many countries needs to research and implement of different alternative materials in civil engineering construction. In India concerning 890 million tones of solid wastes are being generated annually as byproducts throughout industrial and agricultural. The above wastes can be used as aggregate in concrete for production of light weight concrete. A mid this study, coconut shell is utilized as light weight mix in concrete. The undertaking paper goes for examining compressive strength characteristics with partially replacement of coarse aggregate combination with coconut shell to supply light weight concrete with partially different percentage (0%, 15%, and 30%) to urge smart strength like standard concrete. 18 concrete cubes are casted with mix proportion (1:1:2) and their mechanical properties are determined and compared with standard concrete.

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