Nature is the best guide and its outlines and qualities are to a great degree monstrous and abnormal that it offers motivation to looks into to impersonate nature to take care of hard and complex issues in computer sciences. Bio Inspired figuring has come up as a new period in calculation covering extensive variety of uses. The Nature inspired algorithm are in hype with more impactful results in various application domain. This paper consist of detailed study about the recent advances in nature inspired optimization methods. This paper also gives the flash light over the various optimization algorithm with its aim. Moreover, it includes the comparative study between the Swarm intelligence algorithms. It also discusses the applicability of various algorithm. These kind of nature-inspired algorithms are used widely in various fields for solving a variety of problems like travelling agent problem, in bio-information, in scheduling, clustering and mining problems, image processing, engineering designs.

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Cryptography is the method of altering data or information into unreadable for unauthorized persons. In cryptography method encrypted information transferred from sender to receiver in a manner that restricts from unlawful third person. There are many cryptography procedures available which based on number theory. The cryptography based on number system has some disadvantages such as large computational power, complexity and time consumption. Artificial neural network based cryptography is used to secure the data at high efficiency. The Artificial neural network have many distinctiveness such as learning, generation, less data requirement, fast computation, ease of implementation and software and hardware availability. It is important for many applications.

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In this paper, we developed the pneumatic Can Crusher which is operated by air pressure. The air flow is controlled by a valve which is operated manually. This paper is mainly about generating new concepts of pneumatic can crusher that would make easy and easier to crush the tin and this paper involves the process of designing the crusher manually and then it was transferred to solid modeling using design Software, because it gives a better dimension of pneumatic can crusher compared to manual draw and is much easier to use and finally the design was transformed to real product by means of fabrication. The processes involved in fabrication are welding, drilling, cutting, turning and bending.

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In this paper, we aim to make personalized travel package recommendations for the tourists. Thus, the users are the tourists and the items are the existing packages, and we exploit a real-world travel data set provided by a travels for building recommender systems. We develop a tourist- area-season topic (TAST) model, which can represent travel packages and tourists by different topic distributions. In the TAST model, the extraction of topics is conditioned on both the tourists and the intrinsic features (i.e., locations, travel seasons) of the landscapes. Based on this TAST model, a integrated approach is developed for personalized travel package recommendation by considering some additional factors including the seasonal behaviors of tourists, the prices of travel packages, and the cold start problem of new packages. Finally, we combine the TAST model, the TRAST model, and the integrated recommendation approach on the real-world travel package data. Experimental results show that the TAST model can effectively capture the unique characteristics of the travel data and the integrated approach which is much more effective than traditional recommendation techniques for travel package recommendation. Also, by considering tourist relationships, the TRAST model can be used as an effective assessment for travel group formation.

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In this paper WTLS (Wireless transport layer security) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) is discussed and analyze using OPNET Simulation. The WTLS is used for wireless devices security and TLS is used for wired devices security. This review paper shows that how the end to end security takes place between wireless clients to web server using hybrid security.

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The reserve of petroleum over the world is limited. It is very important to save petroleum fuels or find some substitutes. The oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was produced by the process of water electrolysis. Hydroxy gas was produced by the electrolysis process of different electrolytes (KOH, NaOH, and NaCl) with various electrode designs in a leak proof Plexiglas reactor (hydrogen generator). This concern with the effectiveness of oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas addition on performance and combustion characteristics of a SI engine with variable compression ratio. The effect will be shown on the SI engine of the brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, un-burn hydrocarbon, NOx emission, carbon dioxide, and sscarbon monoxide with the use of HHO and a variable compression ratio.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is part of the internet that envisions all objects around us. IoT has a very wide and includes variety of objects like electronics product i.e. smart phones, tablets, digital cameras and sensors. Once all these devices are connected to each other, they enable more and more smart processes and services that support our basic needs, environment and health. Such large number of devices connected to internet provides many kinds of services and they also produce huge amount of data and information. Cloud computing is demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources like computer, networks, servers, storage, applications, services, software. The home automation system uses portable device as user interface, monitoring of temperature and humidity and also controlling home appliances. The main objective is to develop a home automation system using an Node MCU board with an IoT-based device which is capable of controlling appliances and real-time weather monitoring. This device is built using ESP8266 Node MCU. By using that technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter and faster and also involving remote controlled switches. In order to achieve this, a relay module is interfaced to the Node MCU board at the receiver end while on the transmitter end, a GUI application on the cell phone sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected. Domestic and industrial load can be turned ON/OFF remotely through this technology. The loads are operated by IOT board through Relay Module.ESP8266 Node MCU is a device with a built-in WiFi module and micro controller which can interface with Arduino IDE.

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The usefulness of mobile ferries, can be stated by the nodes that transfer the data between other nodes in process of their movement, provides multiple benefits for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It has been suggested and can evaluate several different approaches and protocols for collecting the data using such ferries from isolated WSN subnetworks for different scenarios. The results of the simulations can be presented, that reveals the effects of the WSN density, ferry speed, node sleep policy and maximum hop limitation on the performance and required resources for the tested protocols.

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Nowadays security for public safety is becoming a challenging research topic in the field of computer vision. In this paper abandoned object detection system is implemented using raspberry pi and simulink. Detection process consists of extraction of the image from video sequence then the first image is considered as background image and subtraction algorithm is implemented for the abandoned object detection and Missing object detection. This system can be installed bus stations, train stations or airports. The proposed system gives high accuracy in real time performance.

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In this research work, thorough study has been done to decrease the porosity that arises during high pressure die casting. Ansys software has been used to reduce the defect of porosity. The reading, dimensions and specifications of the injection chamber have been taken from a manufacturing plant. The main objective is to reduce porosity from the end product which is a 100 watt LED light frame in this case. With the help of ansys, a CAE software, the change in the pressure of molten metal flow has been observed inside the injection chamber which has been modeled using ansys fluent. And it has been found that when the pressure of molten metal flow is reduced, porosity also tends to get reduced or completely vanished.

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Recent researches reveal that the thermal barrier coating (TBC) on engine surfaces plays a vital role on analyzing the emission and performance characteristics of IC engines. In this research, an effort is made to investigate the thermal analysis and heat transfer analysis of thermal barrier coated piston of IC Engines using Finite Element Analysis. Yttria Stabilized Zirconia and Mullite chosen as a thermal barrier coating material because of higher thermal expansion coefficient, low thermal conductivity, high melting point and having good mechanical properties and also maintains stable phase structure at higher temperatures. Literature review shows that piston crown surface is one of the primary components in diesel engine which highly influences in the efficiency and performance calculation of IC Engines. In this work, piston crown surface selected as a coating surface and ceramic material coated by plasma spraying technique with optimizing pressure and velocity. Thermal and heat transfer analysis of piston crown surface will help to identify the temperature variations within IC engines. Result of this analysis shows the temperature distribution of piston surface at which the maximum temperatures and minimum temperatures are occurs. So, this methodology will help to evaluate the temperature distribution and thermal stress analysis numerically. The results of diesel engines are also validated with determined experimental values, it shows good agreements with considerable deviation.

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A mobile ad hoc network is the self-configure and self-organized infrastructure less network that is used for wireless. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) are not used any centralized device to manage the nodes [1]. The range or the paths between the nodes are limited. When a node are move far from the range that node are out of network. This paper presents the study of the Manet Types, Features and its Challenges.

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Data Mining and its techniques have been in huge demand from past decades due to sudden rise of automation and robotics involvement in industrial applications. Association of events to form a useful pattern, sequencing of items in a trending form or usage of Artificial Neural Networks to extract hidden relations or anomalies etc. are the various data mining activities done by researchers. This review paper explains the various techniques and designing of models formed using association and Neural Network Techniques to form useful patterns or trends between input and output variables.

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recent years Mobile adhoc network (MANET) an infrastructureless network has gained popularity and lot of research is being done on different aspects of MANET. Routing protocols in MANET are classified as proactive protocol where in every node maintains routing table which contains information about the network topology even without requiring it and reactive protocol where route is discovered wherever it is needed. The Warning Energy Awareness clusterhead (WEAC) is one of the reactive protocol wherein a mobile node is elected from a set of nominees to act as a temporary base station for a period of time within its zone. In each cluster, a token is used to assign the channel among contending Mobile Terminals (MTs). After one or more transmissions, if the energy level of the base station gets low, then it will give warning to conduct another Election. The advantage of WEAC Protocol is the clusterhead which supports multiple classes of services and also manages to minimize collisions. It adopts well to large networks of mobile station and in non-real time traffic. Video transmission over MANET is very challengeable when compared to other wireless network, due to bandwidth fluctuation, frequency difference, channel fading etc. WEAC protocol is more suitable for video transmission. In this research work, the performance of video transmission through WEAC protocol has been enhanced using different methods. In the first method, Virtual Base Station (VBS) is designed to run on top of the WEAC Protocol to speed up packet delivery and improves throughput. In the second method the WEAC-VBS method is improved through zone routing approach to reduce the time. In the next method Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) mechanism is proposed in the WEAC protocol to reduce the errors. In order to achieve the required quality of service in video transmission, Priority Queuing mechanism is proposed in the WEAC protocol. Compression of data using Huffman code is proposed in the WEAC Protocol to reduce the storage space and to increase the speed of transmission. The performance evaluation of the proposed methods proves the efficiency of the algorithms developed. The significant results obtained in this research work ensures the improvement of WEAC Protocol for video transmission in MANET.

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Privacy and Security issues are extended by velocity, volume and variety of big data such as high-volume inter-cloud migration, mixture of data sources and formats, flowing nature of data acquirement, and large-scale cloud infrastructures. In all the areas especially for marketing and research, most of the industries uses big data, but they do not have the essential assets particularly from the point of security perspective. If any security breach occurs to big data, it would result in even further serious legal repercussions and reputational impairment than the current situation. Hence, traditional security mechanism for securing data are inadequate. There are various security challenges such as Reliability of devices collecting data, Source validation and filtering of data, Application software security, Access control and authentication, Interoperability of devices, Distributed systems security (DDoS attack) etc. In this paper, we highlight the data security and privacy challenges proposed by various sources and proposed Security Architecture for big data in the cloud environments. For making big data secure, techniques such as encryption using ECC/HECC is endorsed.

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Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is a newly developed non-traditional machining technique for “difficult to machine” conducting materials. In EDM, the material removal of the electrode is achieved through high frequency sparks between the tool and the work-piece immersed into the dielectric. In the present work, an investigation has been made into the electrical discharge machining process during machining of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analyze the effect of each process parameters peak current (I), pulse on time (Ton) and pulse off time (Toff); varied in three different levels to predict the optimal choice for each Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness(SR). L9 Orthogonal array is used to conduct Experimentation. To identify the significance of parameters on measured responses, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been done. It is found that parameters peak current and pulse on time have the significant affect on material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness. However, parameter pulse off time has less significant affect compared to the former on material removal rate. Optimal combination of process parameters was obtained to yield max MRR, min TWR and SR separately using Taguchi method. The optimal parametric setting for Maximum MRR (2.30248 mm³/min) is at Peak current: 28A (Level 3), pulse on time; 100 µs (Level 1) and pulse off time: 185 µs (Level 3). The optimal parametric setting for Minimum TWR (0.0149 mm³/min) is at Peak current: 12A (Level 1), pulse on time; 200 µs (Level 3) and pulse off time: 185 µs (Level 3) and for minimum SR (3.3505 µm) it is at Peak current: 12A (Level 1), pulse on time; 100 µs (Level 1) and pulse off time: 65 µs (Level 1). Confirmation tests are conducted at their respective optimum parametric settings to verify the predicted optimal values of each performance characteristics. The results obtained were in good agreement with the experimental values.

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The conventional energy fuels are going to extinct some or the other day. There is need for alternative. This paper deals with the research involved in alternative fuels specially the combination of pulverised coal and liquid fuels for example methanol/water/oil. The research has been found in countries like Japan, China and United States of America. Several different methodologies involved in coal slurry fuels research. Few of them and mentioned below with experimental results.

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The objective of this system is to develop an Intelligent Real-time Interactive Information System for remote monitoring of the route followed by the vehicle, for alerting passengers during the journey about their destinations through messages, alerting the transport staff through messages in case of any emergency, providing the position of vehicle to the passengers when requested and which system interacts with the central transport system to provide the possible help to the passengers in case of theft or health issues during the journey according to the passenger’s information with the help of GPS devices, GSM communication and Wi-Fi router. The advantage of this system is that it overcomes the disadvantages of wired and wireless constraints. Those constrain are such as complicated wiring for constructing the system, difficult maintenance for distance monitoring and controlling the applications. This system will have an embedded system which consists of ARM7 architecture based microcontroller with real time operating system, GPS device, GSM modem, Wi-Fi Router and control devices which monitors the path followed by the vehicle, provides destination alerts to the passengers and assist about the passengers safety during the journey.

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A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. A cochlear implant is very different from a hearing aid. Hearing aids amplify sounds so they may be detected by damaged ears. Cochlear implants bypass damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. Signals generated by the implant are sent by way of the auditory nerve to the brain, which recognizes the signals as sound. Hearing through a cochlear implant is different from normal hearing and takes time to learn or relearn. However, it allows many people to recognize warning signals, understand other sounds in the environment, and understand speech in person or over the telephone. This paper emphasizes on the working of cochlear implant.

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Electricity now has arguably become a basic need. Energy in the form of Electricity is the most widely used. Electricity generated from primary nonrenewable sources such as coal and oil are used, contributing to almost 80% of the total electricity generated. With the depleting natural resources, there is a need for search of alternative sources to meet the present electricity demands. In this paper we will discuss about one of the available conventional method for the generation of electricity. All vehicles moving possess kinetic energy, we will use this kinetic energy for the generation of electricity. The entire model is based on a speed breaker which displaces downwards and generates electricity when a vehicle passes over it.

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Workability of concrete is the major concern and interest of the construction engineers today. To achieve high workability, chemical admixtures like superplasticizers are required to be added to the concrete mix in the fresh state. Blended cements like PPC are being used quite commonly instead of OPC either due to the non-availability of the latter in the market or to improve the durability of concrete. Three brands of fly ash based PPCs were used to achieve two different grades of concrete, 25 and 40 MPa (M25 and M40). To achieve high workability in the fresh state and desired characteristic compressive strength in the hardened state, of the normal concretes, five different chemical admixtures namely, sulphonated naphthalene polymer(two different families), modified lignosulphonate, combination of ‘sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) and melamine’ and another combination of ‘SNF and lignosulphonate’ have been used in the present study, to investigate their compatibility with various brands of cement (PPCs). It was observed that for each and every type of chemical admixture considered in this research, the setting behaviour varied significantly from one brand of cement to another, though all the three brands of cement were of fly-ash based PPCs. The early age strength and slump loss were also found to be varied significantly. Hence, a strong case was made for studying the compatibility between various kinds of superplasticizers and cements (PPCs) before a suitable combination was used in concrete, especially when high workability and early strength were required.

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A pavement structure consists of a number of layers for the purpose of transmitting and distributing traffic loads to the sub-grade. Rutting is one form of pavement distresses that may influence the performance of road pavements. Soft sub-grade soils are distinguished by their low un-drained shear strength and high compressibility. Thus, such type of sub grade is required to improve by either replacing the existing soil, which is not a practical and feasible option, thus it is required to stabilize the soil and improve its strength. Nowadays reinforcement has been provided to get the desirable strength of sub grade, This dissertation work deals geo-grid reinforcement which are nothing but planar, polymeric (synthetic or natural) materials used in contact with soil/rock and/or any other geotechnical material, for Filtration, drainage, Separation, Reinforcement, Protection, Sealing and Packing. This work describes the useful effects of reinforcing the sub-grade layer with one layer of geo-grid at completely different positions and thereby determination of optimum position of reinforcement layer. The optimum position determined depend on CBR value test was conducted to determine the optimum position of geo-grid. The CBR of a soil increases by 50-100% when it is reinforced with a single layer of geo-grid. The amount of improvement depends upon the type of soil and position of geo-grid. CBR of sub-grade soil is 6.53% without reinforcement and when geo-grid was placed at 0.2H from the top, The CBR value increased to 19.66%. Soaked Condition CBR of sub-grade soil is 4.77% without reinforcement and when geo-grid was placed at 0.2H from the top, The CBR value increased to 4.46%.

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The Surface Polariton waves are electromagnetic waves that remains localized within a thin surface layer, or bound along the interface of two media. Thus these waves can be used exclusively for the study of surfaces and interfaces, which is of great scientific and practical importance, not only in the field of Physics, but also in the fields of Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry. Important physical phenomena, like surface enhanced Raman Effect, fractional quantum Hall Effect etc., applied fields like micro-electronics and in integrated optics are all directly related to the study of surface of solids. As surface Plasmon and surface optical Phonon may interact with each other in polar semiconductors if their frequencies are of the same order. The frequency behavior on the surface of condensed material can be studied with the help of dispersion relation which can be obtained by various methods. This work focuses on the coupling of surface modes in presence of magnetic field.

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The paper deals with Analysis and Design of large cylindrical steel silos composed of horizontally corrugated sheets with vertical stiffeners. The 3D FE calculations were carried out with the commercial finite element code " STAAD Pro. software ". Usually in India, we are using IS and ACI codes for analysis and design of steel silo, but in no one they have describe about corrugated steel silo. It is important to know about the change in grain pressure and wall thickness, when we are using corrugated sheet instead of plain sheet during analyze and design the silo. In this paper we have calculated grain pressures and external load by using IS codes and other literature, then prepared geometry and analyzed it on STAAD Pro. Software to compare the result of hoop stress in vertical wall. Value of hoop stress in manual calculation and in STAAD Pro. are almost matching, except in the case of top and bottom plate. It shows that our assumptions while modeling the silos are correct.

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Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) is a complex optimization problem in which we try to “optimally” set the values of control variables like reactive power output of generators (generator bus voltages), tap ratios of transformers and reactive power output of shunt compensators like capacitors etc. to minimize the total transmission active power losses while satisfying a given set of constraints. In this paper solution of ORPD problem is done by stochastic population based search algorithms like differential evolution (DE) and BAT algorithms. The numerical results clearly show that DE algorithm gives better results required to reach global best solution. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on highly stressed modified IEEE 300-bus test system.

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