Duggavatti village is located in Harapanahalli Taluk of Davanagere district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 26km away from sub-district headquarter Davanagere. The total geographical area of village is 1430.06 hectares. It has a total population of 4075 peoples. Duggavatti has a 802 houses. Harihar is a nearest town to Duggavatti which is approximately 11km away. The Duggavatti village under study houses around 300 bore wells within a radius of 4km. So the dependability of village on groundwater are enormous and there is no other dependable perineal sources. The people of the area also depend upon the Duggavatti halla which creates the parts of their needs only in rainy season. The industry effluents are joining the nearby river and percolate into the water bodies which are further adding to degradation of water quality. In the present study water has been collected from 12 different locations around Duggavatti village and tests are conducted to evaluate certain characteristics and these are compared with the standards for portable water to identify the locations which are not as per standards.

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During the recent years, we focused on creation and also dispersion of information. In purpose to reach the end users for the provision of information, different types of technologies currently being used include telephone wires, fiber optic, wireless and satellite technologies. But each has its limitations of cost and availability to reach the maximum number of users and also major considerable parameters in a communication system are transmitting power and bandwidth. Hence, it is very much necessary to save the power and bandwidth in a communication system. In this paper, we proposed that power line carrier is used as medium instead of traditional transmission mediums for carrying the information from sender to the receiver. Based on the proposed method, we designed a Fire Alarm System based on Power Line Carrier (PLC) using DSB-SC modulation rather than DSB – FC modulation and which is a prototype that enables to transmit signal from located sensor using existing power distribution line cable to give warning for possible fire hazards to local residents. Before transmit the signal over a PLC, modulate the signal using double side band with suppressed carrier amplitude modulation technique and transmitted.

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Opinion mining is determining people’s opinions, about entities such as products, services and their attributes. Opinion feature identification from online reviews evaluated in two domain corpora, one is domain specific and other is domain – independent corpus and this evaluation is based on number of occurrence of that feature. Domain relevance is used to measure distribution. By applying a set of syntactic rules identify candidate features in user reviews is primary task. Features extracted from this are specific to a domain. For each extracted candidate feature extrinsic domain relevance and intrinsic domain relevance value are calculated.

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Each Temporary facility in a building construction project requires a specified space at the appropriate location. This helps them to execute their function efficiently. Inappropriate allocation of location causes a functional problem which results in a loss of productivity, safety hazards, and time delay. Therefore, the site layout should be considered one of the important resource and constraints to manage at a construction Site. Researchers have attempted to put together models that perform or assist planners in site layout planning. But all these models consist of complicated calculations and hectic process. This research presents a model that is designed on basis of contractor’s experience. It’s simple to implement and any new person in the field of construction industry can use this for his site. A case study is analyzed to illustrate the use and capabilities of the model in generating an optimal solution for site layout planning of construction projects.

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In general the engine operates as a naturally aspirated engine. The combustion air is drawn directly into the cylinder during the intake stroke. In turbocharged engines, the combustion air is already pre-compressed before being supplied to the engine. The engine aspirates the same volume of air, but due to the higher pressure, more air mass is supplied into the combustion chamber. Consequently, more fuel can be burnt, so that the engine's power output increases related to the same speed and swept volume. An effort has been made to carry out the analysis of “Turbocharger”. The project requires a basic knowledge of the analysis software and the working of the turbo charger. This is a complicated task, so to solve such problem COSMOS is the most preferred software tool, which has no boundary limit for analysis. Here Structural type of analysis carried out for the turbo charger. The report includes a general overview of the Turbocharger, CAD systems, FEM, the introduction to COSMOS. The final section of the documentation deals with the comparison of manual design results with the results obtained from the use of analysis software and a brief idea of the future scope of analysis using COSMOS software for the turbo charger.

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Long span, Column free structures are the most essential in any type of industrial structures and Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) fulfill this requirement along with reduced time and cost as compared to conventional structures. The present investigation aims at comparison of conventional steel building and pre-engineered building. In this investigation analysis of and design of pre-engineered building and conventional steel building will be carried out for spans like 15m, 20m, 25m, and 36 m using computer software STAAD Pro v8i.

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Longitudinal crack (LC) is a complex type of defect found in continuous casted steel and the consequences of longitudinal cracked product to go into service could be disastrous. Thus billets affected by longitudinal cracks are almost universally rejected and scraped, which affect the total yield of industry. The origin of longitudinal crack (LC) defect is not analysis evident from visual examination alone, since defect from different sources can appear essentially identical on the surface. This defect is primarily caused by nitride embrittlement which is caused by precipitation of nitrides of Aluminum, Boron or Niobium on the crack boundary. It may also cause by uneven cooling, both primary cooling and secondary cooling, and includes molten steel qualities, such as the chemical composition being out of specification, cleanliness of the material, and homogeneity. The nature of crack, severity of crack and causes of crack has investigated by different testing and characterization techniques such as magnetic particle inspection, optical microscopy, FESEM and EDS. Surface crack has been detected in magnetic particle inspection. In optical microscopy we found crack of varying depth in mm, decarburized zone and ferrite finger at the end of crack. Aluminum, Boron and nitrogen has been found at crack boundaries, which confirms the precipitation of nitride of aluminum or / and boron. Possible solution has been proposed to prevent the occurrence of longitudinal cracks in billet during Continuous casting. Addition of Ti, V, Zr or Mo, which has high affinity to nitrogen than aluminum prevent precipitation of aluminum nitride at grain boundaries. Longitudinal cracks can also be preventing by lowering nitrogen content in molten steel by vacuum degassing process.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the system network of physical object devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with sensors, electronics, software and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT is expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations. IoT is one of the platforms for today’s smart city and smart energy management systems. In this paper, we are interested in Photovoltaic systems (PV) which generate electricity from solar radiation. More precisely, our contribution consists in the implementation of a remote monitoring and control PV system for standalone applications located in an open environment. The novelty of our approach relies on the fact that it is operational even in the case of a huge spread deployment of PV system. Monitoring systems provide 24/7 data log of the system, which maximizes the benefits of early-warning systems, trending and performance reporting as a part of their routine of monitoring. In addition, they use systems for monitoring news, weather and spot-market pricing to ensure all issues are included in the monitoring process. Our solution aims to be a good replacement of manually module checking which is not recommended because of time-consuming, less accuracy and potentially dangerous to the operator. Then, we introduce, as a communication technology, a full duplex digital system using the infrastructure of the following system. The result of our demonstration shows that the system can monitor and control the remote communication between the monitoring center and the PV station. Thus, the remote monitoring functions are realized in real-time.

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There is an increased demand for employees but there are not enough candidates qualified for these positions in the labor market. Organizations have difficulty locating and hiring employees to fill the positions needed to construct the projects they were awarded. The first question posed by the research is, does the construction industry utilize the most effective recruiting and selection methods when locating and selecting skilled laborers? The second question that the research poses is what selection practices does the construction organization currently utilize when hiring candidates? It must be determined how the organization is locating the candidates within the job seeking pool to insure they are locating the most qualified candidates to take further into the selection process. The final and most important question to the research is, what recruitment and selection practices can a construction organization utilize to better predict the future job performance of qualified candidates for a skilled labor position? The major benefit of this research is to determine how the construction industry can improve their recruiting and selection practices.

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In this paper the analysis for the behaviour & optimal design of counter fort retaining wall and gravity wall in concrete dam. Cost analysis against each design of wall is evaluated by using volume of concrete and amount of steel. A comparative study is carried out & alternative with the least cost estimate is chosen as the best design solution.

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Face recognition is the biometric technology for the purpose of authentication of the person for particular applications. It has wide range of applications such as banking access control, human computer interaction, information security, database retrieval, virtual reality etc. In proposed system face recognition system based on Principal Component Analysis is implemented. In this system, face gets recognized after feature extraction and principal component analysis. System sends one time password to person’s mobile number through GSM modem. This is the second level authentication of the person. The whole algorithm is implemented in MATLAB.

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In view of LDoS, we propose bots multiplexing in multitargets assault situation, and after that present the LDoS assault capacity improving technique. In recreation, the strategy indicates great execution and versatility, it can upgrade assault capacity successfully under assortment of related parameters. With this strategy, the assailant may utilize a little botnet to cause extremely incredible damage, which just huge botnet can cause by conventional technique. Besides, meant to this danger, we talk about relief procedure.

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Utilization of internet, convivial networking sites, astute phones, censor contrivances, monitoring contrivances, online shopping, transactions in stock exchanges, individual medical records in hospitals, images and censor data sent by satellites and many of such kind are swelling at a very high rate day by day despite drop of cost of storage contrivance. Consequently the World is accumulated with astronomically immense amount of data of different kind and structure at each moment. Traditional Data Base Management System or Distributed Database Management System or Structured query language does not have enough flexibility to store and analysis these immensely colossal volumes of ever growing multi-structured data. However these data sparsely contain much consequential information with considerable business values for ecumenical economy and additionally contain information or statistics to be utilized for gregarious welfare schemes. This paper addresses research issues with massively colossal Data Analysis, emergence of Immensely Colossal Data analysis technologies from last decade along with its draw backs and further amelioration scope, and additionally addresses impact of immensely colossal Data analysis on individual and society.

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Human beings are not only controlled by the environment but they in turn also alter the environment; their intensity depending on the level of technological progress. In this process, they create major long-term problems both for the natural and man-made environment. This paper aims at studying the geomorphology of Mylliem granite area of Meghalaya and the impact of human activities on its landscape. It is found from the study that human activities have brought about significant changes in landscapes of the study area resulting in various geo-environmental problems.

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Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a sort of versatile specially appointed systems (MANETs), is a decent approach for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The Model of routing protocols in VANETs is essential and fundamental issue for help the brilliant ITS. It is an issue to guarantee dependable, persistent and consistent correspondence within the sight of speeding vehicles. This paper gives a concise diagram of various routing calculations in VANET alongside significant groupings and audit of the current routing protocols for VANETs and order them into a chain of importance relies upon real attributes, for example, arrange design, applications bolstered, and routing techniques, sending systems, versatility models and nature of administration measurements. Protocols having a place with unicast, multicast, Geocast and communicate classes are examined. It is watched that convey and-forward is the new and key thought for outlining all routing protocols in VANETs. By some inside and outside elements like hubs portability, street topology and so on we can do understanding of routing protocols.

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This paper presents audio watermarking process which embeds binary grey scale image as a watermark signal into sound signal. A (segments) patchwork-based audio watermarking method is used for insertion of watermark bits. Average of all segments of approximate coefficients, is calculated for embedding watermark picture pixels into sound signal. The experimental results show that proposed method achieves moderate payload for the security of audio signal as we are using image, imperceptibility for audio signal as watermarked audio signal distortion is inaudible after embedding watermark and robustness of watermark against different signal processing attacks with PSNR greater than 20dB.

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This work presents a review on three input XOR/XNOR gate intended for advanced microprocessor inbuilt arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). The objectives are to reduce energy consumption. Traditional dynamic N-Type, dynamic P-Type and new hybrid type systematic cell design methodology (SCDM) is designed and compare with proposed on the basis of following parameter like delay, leakage power, energy consumption, and layout area. Recently published method utilizes the concept of current mirror circuit to improve the performance of dynamic XOR//XNOR. It is observed that the new design has lower energy dissipation and small layout area. In this work, results are simulated at 130nm technology.

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The study concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned from the research: networking and creating relationships with other businesses, increases brand exposure; focusing more on relationships than sales, increases sales; interesting content promotes interaction; and one main barrier to entry is a learning curve. He brave new world of social media has captured the attention of scholars and book writers around the world, which has led to the publication of a number of works about Twitter, Facebook YouTube and the like. Most of these books are practical and industry-based in nature and do not consider in-depth the social media impact in audiences and communication strategies. Nevertheless, the vitality of the editorial market underlines the research relevance than social media and social networks are acquiring.

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A large number of studies have been conducted on quality management and supply chain management area and considering their importance in the organization these number of studies is not surprising. But at the present scenario where the end customer is now more aware of the product price, its specification, and its quality. The challenge for a firm is to meet its customer expectation of which quality being the most important one. That’s why the quality of the product needs to be maintain throughout the supply chain. The present work tries to achieve this goal by introducing the concept of Total Supply Chain Quality Management (TSCQM). Also in many a case it was observed that the product quality that at the manufacturer or at supplier end is quite better than that of the product received at dealers end or at customer end. It has been tried to minimize this difference by the use of TSCQM.A case study has been presented showing the implementation of TSCQM concept. This research work consist of thorough study of case company and this provide the information about the quality management practices of the case company with respect to the supply chain they represent. The case study provides the information regarding the integrated approach of the firm towards the QM and SCM practices implementation. Other than this qualitative survey method is employed here to see current state of Indian industries in Pithampur industrial area with factors effecting it to be found out and shortcomings has been pointed out. The survey has been conducted to see the actual condition of QM and SCM practices, to provide a look on the current state of the quality management practices in their respective supply chain of Indian industries (In this study it is Pithampur Industrial Area) and factors effecting the firms. The survey put light on the governing factors that effects the implementation of SCM and QM practices in the firm. This work will be helpful in deciding the factor for establishing the TSCQM framework in the surveyed firms and also in firms which faces the same problem. Conclusion will be framed on the basis of survey conducted on the small sample in Pithamppur Industrial Area.

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This paper deals with the study of e-waste and its impacts on the environment. The main aim of this paper is to create awareness about e-waste and its impact on environment. Nearly 70% of electronics are making a major impact on environment by way of polluting it. Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the rapidly growing problem of the world some containing toxic substances that can have an adverse impact on human health and environment if not handled properly the production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) will grown and cause major impact to our environment. This paper is purely based on research methodology. Hope the research paper will give an advanced knowledge in the matter regarding e-waste and its impacts on environment.

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In a multi-bounce remote system, hubs participate in handing-off/steering activity. An enemy can misuse this helpful nature to dispatch assaults. For instance, the enemy may first claim to be a helpful hub in the course revelation prepare. Once being incorporated into a course, the foe begins dropping bundles. In the most serious shape, the malevolent hub basically quits sending each bundle gotten from upstream hubs, totally disturbing the way between the source and the goal. In the long run, such an extreme disavowal of-benefit (DoS) assault can incapacitate the system by dividing its topology. Despite the fact that industrious bundle dropping can viably debase the execution of the system, from the aggressor's outlook such a "dependably on" assault has its impediments. In the first place, the consistent nearness of to a great degree high bundle misfortune rate at the noxious hubs makes this sort of assault simple to be identified. Second, once being distinguished, these assaults are anything but difficult to relieve. For instance, in the event that the assault is distinguished yet the pernicious hubs are not recognized, one can utilize the randomized multi-way directing calculations to evade the dark gaps produced by the assault, probabilistically killing the aggressor's risk. In the event that the vindictive hubs are likewise recognized, their dangers can be totally wiped out by just erasing these hubs from the system's steering table.

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Most of the construction projects suffer from cost and time overruns due to several factors.. Earned Value is a program management technique that uses “work in progress” to indicate what will happen to work in the future. It allows projects to be managed better – on time, on budget. The earned value analysis gives early indications of project performance to highlight the need for eventual corrective action. Aim of this work is to apply EVM technique along with MSP software on a residential project to study the different activities associated with the project. The study also aims to highlights the cost and schedule analysis by using key elements of EVM and to make sure that the whole project is completed on time as per the estimated cost without any delays. To fulfill this aim, firstly the residential project has been analyzed by using analytical EVM methods. Schedule of obtained data of completed and ongoing work of the project has been prepared in MSP. Further EVM parameter has been used to obtain results. From this study, it has been observed that Project Management will be more enhanced when EVM and MSP goes hand-in-hand. This will make the project to get completed on time and will help the project practitioners to plan the work accordingly by effective scheduling, proper estimating, cost control and bring back the project to its original schedule by some alternative techniques.

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Identify or recognise a medical plant from a set of plants is a kind of task which needs high professionalism and expertise. Here we conduct a study and investigation about the various possibilities of automated identification of medicinal plants. Detecting or recognising the plant by the image of the leaf is actually a challenging task. We study and evaluate the present techniques used for plant identification. We also discuss relevant issues such as data collection, evaluation, benchmarking, etc. After analysing present methods we conclude with promising directions for the future.

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This paper deals with load frequency control of interconnected power system. In this work single area and two area concepts is considered. The major intention of Load Frequency Control is to sustain the power performance of electric generator within a specified area, due to which alters in frequency of the system and tie-line loading. Thus, Load Flow Controller assists in sustaining the frequency of the system and tie-line power performance with other areas within their specified limits. Mostly LFCs are initially comprises of an integral and PID controller. The gain of the controller is building put to a value that gives better response among fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the performance of the entire power system. In this dissertation work we are using PID controller and fuzzy logic controller. The proposed controller guarantees the stability of the overall closed loop system. Simulation responses for a real two-area power system confirm the usefulness of the proposed LFC and proved its superiority without using controller. The performances of different controllers for variable inputs are compared for the same two area power system. The dynamic response of the load frequency control problems are studied using MATLAB simulink software. The results indicate that the proposed Fuzzy logic controller exhibits better performance.

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Substituting composite structures for conventional metallic structures has many advantages because of higher specific stiffness and strength of composite materials. Advanced composite materials seem ideally suited for long, power driver shaft applications. Their elastic properties can be tailored to increase the torque and the rotational speed at which they operate. The drive shafts are used in automotive, aircraft and aerospace applications for power transmission. This work deals with the replacement of conventional two-piece steel drive shafts with a single-piece E-Glass/ Epoxy, High Strength Carbon/Epoxy composite drive shaft for an automotive application. The design parameters were optimized for E-Glass/ Epoxy, High Strength Carbon/Epoxy composite drive shafts of an automobile using FEA. The design parameters such as thickness optimized with the objective of minimizing the weight of composite drive shafts which is subjected to the constraints such as torque transmission, torsional buckling capacities and fundamental lateral natural frequency. The weight savings of the E-Glass/ Epoxy, High Strength Carbon/Epoxy shaft were 48.36 %, 86.90 % of the steel shaft respectively. The torque transmission capacity of the composite drive shafts have been calculated by neglecting and considering the effect of centrifugal forces and it was observed that centrifugal forces will reduce the torque transmission capacity of the shaft. The variation of the stress along the thickness of the Steel, E-Glass/Epoxy, and High Strength Carbon/Epoxy composite drive shafts are observed. It is also observed that all stresses are within in the allowable limit. Static, Modal and Buckling analysis are carried out on the finite element Analysis of the composite drive shaft.

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