Because of approach of human progress there has been a ton of negative results developing step by step alongside the positive outcomes. The negative results is not influencing our day by day life but rather is going stride towards future likewise .Due to quick urbanization, industrialization the accessibility of land for agribusiness is diminishing ,not just this, it is additionally influencing the water in parts of pollution and making it unfit for drinking and different purposes. In addition, poor soil richness in a portion of the cultivable zones, less shot of normal soil ripeness develop by microorganisms because of constant development, visit dry season conditions and eccentrics of atmosphere and climate designs, ascend in temperature, stream contamination, poor water administration and wastage of enormous measure of water, decrease in water level, and so on are the threating elements for the dirt based horticulture. Under such conditions, in future it winds up plainly difficult to get prolific land for horticulture other than the arrangement for the adequate measure of water. Normally, soil-less culture is ending up noticeably more important and dependable in the present situation, to adapt up these difficulties. In soil-less culture plants are raised without soil and with water preserving strategies. It has indicated promising outcomes all through the world.

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Contrast is an important factor in any subjective evaluation of image quality. It is the difference in visual properties that makes an object distinguishable from other object and background. This paper aiming to do best for an image taken in low illumination or hazy condition by using contrast enhancement technique. For that HSV color space is used which is good for color enhancement over traditional RGB color space. Then using DWT on the S component and CLAHE on V component of HSV color space, develop a better contrast. The final result is compared with other techniques on bases of MSE, PSNR and AMBE parameter.

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internet of thing is revolutionizing the agriculture industry and enabling the farmers to contend with enormous challenges they face new creative IOT applications are tending to the cost adequacy of milk generation. Farmers themselves are recognizing that they can capitalize on the opportunity IOT presents to capture real economic value. The dairy farming is important business of Indian farmer. Dairies collect milk from farmer everyday & payments for this milk are done according to the rates per liters. This rate depends on various factors like FAT, CLR & SNF of the milk, But mainly on the fat in the milk. We are developing a system that will measure these parameters. This is only recently that automation has been introduced into agriculture. Thus the spot calculation of fat present in milk will play the vital role in the business development of farmers. Also the system which farmers can operate without experts from industry will help to increase profit of farmers. This paper describes one of the applications of embedded system or optical system. It is Small compact, embedded in a single unit, requires less power and measure milk parameters like FAT, CLR SNF (Solid but Not FAT) with less cost. . This system is based on the principal of photometric measurement of light scattered by the milk sample. . The light is scattered by the fat globules present in the milk then by using this method with help of IOT module these reading can send over internet. And thus these actual values of fat content on the spot could be fetched by dairies anywhere by using IOT technology and farmers will be able to have increased values of milk as per market .The main advantage of this system is that there is no dependency of farmer over the specific dairies to determine the fat content and no experts will needed so as to calculate the milk content.

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Submerged remote sensor systems (U-WSNs) have been appeared as an encouraging innovation to screen and investigate the seas in lieu of customary undersea wire line instruments. By the by, the information social occasion of UWSNs is still extremely constrained on account of the acoustic channel correspondence attributes. One approach to enhance the information accumulation in UWSNs is through the plan of steering conventions considering the one of a kind attributes of the submerged acoustic correspondence and the very unique system arrangements. Here we have considered a GE-DAR directing convention for U-WS-Ns. GE-DAR is any-cast, geographic and astute steering convention that courses information parcels from sensor hubs to various sono-buoys (sinks) at the ocean's surface. At the point when the hub is in a correspondence void area, GE-DAR changes to the recuperation mode technique which depends on arrangements control over the profundity modification of the void hubs, rather than the customary methodologies utilizing control messages to find and keep up directing ways along void areas. Reenactment comes about demonstrate that GEDAR significantly enhances the system execution when contrasted and the benchmark arrangements, even in hard and difficult portable situations of extremely inadequate and exceptionally thick systems and for high system traffic loads.

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Manufacturing industries is one of the rapidly growing industries today. In the present competitive business, the manufacturing companies has to pay attention for the enhancement in productivity, quality, efficiency, safety and its service. Today, many industries are more involved and interested in the improvement of standards and techniques for best performance so they can reign over the present market scenario. Among various important parameters which considered being very important, two most important primary parameters are safety and quality. In this project I had studied various literatures related to 5S & Kaizen. Data is accumulated from different papers, this assisted me to study success factor of 5S & Kaizen. Primary data collected by personal observation and originated by the researchers for specific purpose for addressing research problems. Secondary data collected from the 3 weeks personal observation of the manufacturing department. With the study and observation I had suggested the best suitable place for all movable and stationary items, to reduce the manufacturing time and also to hype the productivity. Implementing the suggested layouts in diffusion engineer’s limited will led to the better quality productivity and safety. I had implemented 5S & Kaizen in Diffusion Engineers ltd by applying PDCA cycle.

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The thrust of this work is to investigate the performance of three buildings, The two step back building and step-set back building, resting 70 percent on severe sloping ground i.e.; ranging from 0° to 30°, and 30 percent on plain ground and set back building resting on plain ground. The three buildings are consisting of 15 storey geometrical, vertical and horizontal irregularity, when exposed to different range of Load combination as per the Indian code IS-1893 -2002. Study of performance of those building will carried out by using two methods, first Equivalent lateral force method (static method), the second is linear time history method by using software program STAAD Pro. The considered buildings for dynamic analysis are a 15 storey RC framed building resting in zone IV.

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Brain tumor Edge detection plays a vital role in medical image processing. Edge of the image is one of the most significant features which is mainly used for image analyzing process. An edge is in general a border which separates the adjacent zones of image having distinct brightness. The development of an edge detector is often based on a specific characteristic of the image. An important property of the edge detection method is its ability to extract the accurate edge line with good orientation, and much literature on edge detection has been published in the past three decades. It is encountered in the areas of feature selection and feature extraction in Computer Vision. An edge detector accepts a digital image as input and produces an edge map as output. The edge maps of some detectors include explicit information about the position and strength of the edges and their orientation. An efficient algorithm for extracting the edge features of images using Gabor Wavelet and fusion technique is proposed in this work. Gabor wavelets can effectively abstract local and discrimination features. In textural analysis and image segmentation, GW features have achieved outstanding results, while in machine vision, they found to be effective in object detection, recognition and tracking. The most useful application of the Gabor Wavelets is for edge detection. Gabor wavelet along with DWT and fusion based approach is highly effective at detecting both the brain tumor location and orientation of edges. The results proved that the performance of proposed method is superior to conventional Gabor Wavelet and other edge detection algorithms. The performance of the proposed method is proved with the help of Entropy, PSNR & spectral analysis is also computed for proposed method edge detected output image, gabor wavelet edge detected output image, original input MRI brain image.

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The main concern in cloud computing is the searching on the encrypted data. The query is not known to the clouds and searching concept based on the Keyword should show all the files in the cloud. The main aim is to provide the privacy protection and safety to the data that is saved in cloud system. To upload and download a file securely from cloud and to encrypt and decrypt the files from the cloud .To provide keys to users for downloading file from cloud securely. To keep the identity of each user and data owners protected and to store all the information on cloud in protected manner. We proposed a Rank search concept is introduced which takes less time by choosing the desired files along with keyword categories. Data owner provides the file to browser, encrypt and uploads files into the Drivehq in encrypted form. Cloud server will provide following operations such as store encrypted data, view attachers, view owner files, give privileges to user to create index on searched data to view all the android users. User can get the files from the cloud by using their credentials and secret key. User can searches for files based on contents keyword request for secret key, requests for downloading files and retrieve and to store the data.

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Study deals with experimental and numerical investigation on CFRP strengthened slabs under drop weight impact load test. 10 slabs of size 600mmx600mmx60mm were tested. Impact load of mass 10 pounds was dropped from 18 inches height through guide channel. Fixed support condition is adopted. The CFRP fabrics are strengthened by covering 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% slab area from centre with one and two layers of wrapping. Wet lay-up strengthening technique is adopted. Energy absorption, strengthening effect and punching cone angle parameters are compared with control specimen. Numerical model generated in ANSYS workbench 15. 9 specimens are modelled, crack patterns developed in software and experiment are compared. Two layer 100% CFRP wrap has shown good behavior under impact by absorbing 366.67% more energy than control specimen. Punching cone angle has reduced from 27.3â—¦ to 17.92â—¦. Crack pattern observed in ANSYS showed good agreement experimental results.

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India is one of the fastest growing countries all over the world. The development of road is considered the backbone of any developing country like India. The Construction of highway network in a country leads to modernisation, urbanisation and industrialisation. The number of vehicles is increasing with the expansion of highway network. With the increase in number of vehicles the road traffic noise is also increasing day by day. Road traffic noise seems to be the biggest corridor problem and the most intrusive and annoying form of noise pollution. Therefore it has become necessary to reduce the traffic noise. Many authorities have shown their concern in this regard. The aim of the study is to develop a scale model to predict noise level in urban areas. The developed formula may be used to predict pseudo noise levels and may be used to reduce traffic noise. In the present study 25 road segments of Bhopal city were considered and readings were taken for one hour twice in a day i.e., morning and evening. Based on the analysis the developed model is having coefficient of determination value (R2), 0.766.

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The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of the domestic refrigerator .To attain this analysis is carried using the combination three different refrigerants (R134a, R290 and R404a) & three different inner diameters (0.3mm, 0.45mm, 0.50mm) of capillary tube. Comparing the performance parameters of the refrigeration system with different refrigerants & different capillary tube by keeping ambient temperature and compressor discharge constant for all the combinations, it is found that the COP of the system is better for the capillary diameter of 0.30mm for all three refrigerants R134a, R290 and R404a. As we increases the diameter of capillary tube the cop tends to decrease. Whereas, refrigeration effect value did not follow any regular trend. Highest cop value for refrigerant R134a is recorded for 0.30mm diameter of capillary tube which is 3.94. For R290 it is recorded as 3.19, for capillary diameter of 0.30mm. The same size of capillary (i.e. 0.30mm) gives optimum value of cop for R404a, which is 1.46.

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Nickle alloy are super alloys and plays a very important role in engineering applications in the area of advanced structures and technologies for aerospace and power industry, medical science, nuclear and defense equipments, owing to its unique combination of physical, chemical and mechanical properties such as high strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures , high corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high strength to weight ratio and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping. The conventional cutting methods not only face difficulties for cutting these alloys due to their poor thermal conductivity, low elastic modulus and high chemical affinity at elevated temperatures but also undergo from higher cost associated with the machining of Inconel 718 caused by lower cutting speeds and shorter tool life. The present research work deals with fibre laser micromachining on Inconel 718 of 0.5 mm thickness in atmospheric condition with different parametric combinations such as power, frequency and marking speed.

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Now-days, wireless technology has grown widely in every field. They have become part of our daily home scenarios to improve the quality of life by obtaining information about environment, energy consumption etc. The world today uses different technologies like Radio Frequency (RF), Infrared (IR), Bluetooth, Zigbee and WiFi. These technologies have different advantages like feasibility, easy accessibility, scalability etc. In today’s scenario, we make use of modern household appliances like LED lights, microwave, televisions etc. Different techniques are introduced so as to reduce the effort required in controlling these appliances. An effort is being made to enable the user to control the LED light remotely. An Arduino Uno board with microcontroller ATMega 328 is used for controlling the LED. The LED is connected to the Wifi module ESP 8266. The signal strength of wifi is measured using RSSI (Received signal strength indication). This signal strength is received on the android application in the smartphone. The different signal strengths received are compared and the LED connected to the Wifi with highest value of signal strength is controlled at any instant of time.

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Incremental sheet forming is an innovative process having ability to fulfill demands for customized sheet metal parts without using costly dies unlike traditional forming processes. However, shape deviation of formed parts is one of the drawbacks which need technological developments to use ISF on shop floor. Backdrawing, use of half dies and customized toolpaths are some of the techniques being worked out for reducing shape deviation but have some limitations. The present work investigates the hydraulic supports developed to reduce shape deviation of the non-axisymmetric parts formed through SPIF. Simulations were carried out with different geometries to check the effectiveness of the hydraulic support process. Results show a significant improvement in the parts formed using hydraulic support process over those formed without using it. This work gives another method for forming components with reduced bending. Also it proposes a new method of using hydraulic supports as flexible die which doesn’t needs to be changed with the part geometry.

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Tall Buildings are increasing day by day built all over. As safety of users is the importance prime factor, so the structural stability is the main concern of Structural Engineering. Most of the structures are found to have very low natural damping. In order to increase the damping capacity of a structure various mechanical means to increase damping are being considered now days in high rise buildings. A Tuned mass damper (TMD) is a device consisting of a mass, and spring that is attached to a structure in order to reduce the dynamic response of the structure. For Analysis purpose symmetrical moment resistance frame (MRF) of 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th storey are modeled with and without tuned mass damper by using software ETABS. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is placed on top floor of building and Linear static analysis is perform. The result obtained from software analysis of 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th storey building with and without tuned mass damper are compare with each other.

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BRAIN MR Image segmentation is a very important and challenging task that is needed for the purpose of diagnosing brain tumors and other neurological diseases. Brain tumors have different characteristics such as size, shape, location and image intensities. They may deform neighboring structures and if there is edema with the tumor, intensity properties of the nearby region change. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently attracted more attention due to their state-of-the-art performance on several datasets. DNNs have also been applied successfully to segmentation problems using DNNs in order to find the brain tumor. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often successful in problems needing to extract information from complex, high-dimensional inputs, for which useful features are not obvious to design. To apply DNNs to brain tumor segmentation for the BRATS challenge.

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In the recent years a new concept that has got developed across the world for the development of roads called as Public Private Partnership (PPP) which serves as the model for high efficiency and timely delivery along with reduction on burden on the government. Design Built Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) one of the forms of PPP in which the private player is responsible for the design, built, finance, operate and transfer of the road project. It has been observed in some cases that, when the project enters its operation and maintenance phase the project is likely to go through revenue loss. There are some specific factors which lead towards the revenue loss. In this paper such factors contributing to the revenue loss are identified.

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Video surveillance is being widely utilized in the world for various applications like crowd control, visitor monitoring, prevent theft and visual evidence for investigation. To increase the overall safety and security high-speed real-time monitoring systems are essential. FPGAs are suitable for these tasks as they have massive parallel processing capabilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of a video surveillance system which uses Zedboard and OV7670 camera. Zedboard contains Zynq-7020 All Programmable SoC which is a combination of ARM Cortex-A9 Processing System (PS) and Atrix-7series Programmable Logic (PL). The camera is mounted on two servo motors for pan and tilt movement to represent a surveillance camera. Motor control is done in the Processing System and the video footage captured by OV7670 camera is processed in the Programmable Logic and displayed on a VGA monitor. To implement this system, Xilinx Vivado and SDK 2015.2 are used.

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At present, due to the rapidly growth of digital and multimedia applications, more data are transmitted through the networks, which may have important information that should not be accessed by the general users. Therefore, issue of protecting the important information has become an important issue for communication and storage of images. In recent years, various encryption techniques are developed and applied to protect the confidential images from unauthorized users. In this paper, we propose color image encryption technique for securing the color image. Color image encryption algorithm is proposed based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and pseudorandom key in this paper.

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Image classification is an important stage in many image processing applications. Fuzzy classifiers perform well in real world situations where input vs. Output class membership overlapped and no crisp output is easily available. In this report, a survey of existing design techniques for fuzzy rule based classifiers is done. In addition to this various approaches for classifier performance enhancement and application of fuzzy classifiers to various domains have been discussed. Paper discusses with the development of genetic algorithm and boosting etc. methods new dimensions are being opened in field of fuzzy classification.

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Handwritten character recognition is comparatively difficult, as different people have different handwriting styles. The aim of the present work is to recognize the numerals written by various persons and convert the recognized numerals into words. Template matching process is used to recognize the characters using normalised correlation method. Numerals 0-9 written by different persons with different style of handwriting are presented to the system. The presented character is used as image template which is compared with the search image. The proposed systems spot the detected character in the search image, show it into typed form and convert it into words. The accuracy of proposed system is 98.33 % and which can be further increased as system has flexibility to include more handwriting styles. The proposed system can be easily utilized in the application like OMR sheets where there is need to write the numerals values in figures as well as words. Scilab an open source software is used for recognition of these handwritten numerals.

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In various military framework circumstances, relationship of remote devices passed on by troopers may be quickly isolated by staying, natural factors, and transportability, especially when they work in disagreeable conditions. Intrusion tolerant framework (D-TN) advancements are getting the opportunity to be detectably productive courses of action that empower center points to talk with each other in these ludicrous frameworks organization conditions. Customarily, when there is no restriction to-end relationship between a source and an objective match, the messages from the source center point may need to sit tight in the direct centers for a liberal measure of time until the affiliation would be over the long haul developed. Ro-y and Chuah presented limit center points in D-TNs where data is secured or imitated with the ultimate objective that solitary endorsed flexible center points can get to the basic information quickly and capably.

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As Networking getting larger and more complex now a days, administrators rely on rudimentary tools and many to debugging problems. Hence we have proposed an automatic systematic approach for the purpose of testing and also debugging networking known as Automatic Test Packet Generating system. ATPG reads every single type router configurations later produces a device independent model. This model is later used for generating minimum set of testing packets to exercise every possible link in the system networking to work with every rule of networking. The Testing packets in the work are transmitted in cyclic manner, detected failure will trigger a separate mechanism for the sake of localizing the fault. It can also detect both the functional and also performance problems. Testing packet in the network goes beyond earlier work for static checking an also localization of faults.

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This project is about feeding wire accurately and in a controlled way for different applications like spring making coil making, multi-forming parts and many other applications. We focus on the accurate feeding method for different sections of wires as per the requirement. Here we will establish a basic line for the feeding mechanism of wire; we will also define a flow path for the wire. The gear train required for pinching and feeding of wires is also discussed. This paper consists of scope of problem, problem statement, identification of problem. In this paper we have also accumulated data and based on data accumulation we have made calculations. The paper also contains CAD models of De-coiler Machine, its detailing, FEM & FE results of De-coiler machine.

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This project presents the concept of Multi-Function Operating Machine mainly carried out for production based industries. Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost. We have developed a conceptual model of a machine which would be capable of performing different operation simultaneously, and it should be economically efficient .In this machine we are actually giving drive to the main shaft to which scotch yoke mechanism is directly attached, scotch yoke mechanism is used for sawing operation. On the main shaft we have use bevel gear system for power transmission at two locations. Through bevel gear we will give drive to drilling centre and grinding centre. The model facilitate us to get the operation performed at different working centre simultaneously as it is getting drive from single power source. Objective of this model are conservation of electricity (Power Supply), reduction in cost associated with power usage, increase in productivity, reduced floor space. Single power source. Objective of this model are conservation of electricity (power supply), reduction in cost associated with power usage, increase in productivity, reduced floor space.

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