The search for new energy sources gained momentum in the 1970s following the oil crisis when the price of energy in the form of fossil fuel rose dramatically and energy insecurity was felt. The obvious choice of a clean energy source which is abundant and could provide security for the future development and growth is suns energy using photovoltaic PV system. A major challenge in using a solar PV source containing a number of cells in series and parallel is to deal with its nonlinear characteristics and non-uniform radiation. Often PV modules are subject to non-uniform radiation and shading over the surface. Shade is a significant design factor and measuring the extent of shade on a solar array can be challenging due to the fact that shadows moves as the position moves throughout the day and the year. This is further complicated by the changes in the source of shade itself. For example a tree can sway in the wind or lose its leaves during winter, changing the type of shade it cast on solar array. Shade impact depends on its severity and area on PV panel. It may cause current mismatch among PV panel which results in loss of PV power. In this paper study of partial shading, design and simulation of a converter based on sigma conversion concept which enables module level dc/dc converters for eliminating the reduction in output power due to partial shading, soiling etc. has done. Converters are designed such that it will provide a constant output voltage even though shading occurs on certain PV modules. Thus the system is simple, power can be extracted from unshaded module and reliable.

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This paper presents the review of study related to behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete slab under impact load. In the present study, the effectiveness of reinforcement and prestress force in the structural elements after application of impact load were studied. A detailed review on effect of adding of various types of fibers in concrete are also presented in this paper.

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In this work, the general characteristics [2] of a speech signal have been presented and described, and they have been organized judiciously according to the different aspects [5] that can be contained and characterized by such a signal, and Cited various tools [10] that are currently used in a signal, to arrive at a clear and fairly complete description of the latter. Indeed, there are a large number of characteristics that can be extracted from the speech signal; we cite the acoustic, phonetic, morphological characteristics ... Also those which make it possible to discriminate particular classes [8] sound. However, given our goal of a complete description of the speech signal, we will focus more on general characteristics not related to particular classes. Finally, the speech signal can be processed by a set of mathematical and physical tools [8], also via various acquisitions and editing equipment. Once the processing steps have been completed, acoustic vectors [10] will be present which will facilitate their use for recognition [3].

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Rajasthan is a state which covers 10.4% of India and its western part is almost covered by Sand Dunes, hills of Dune sand created by wind. When designing and constructing highways or more generally any super structures on dune sands type of soil, it is essential to make sure that the foundation soil is stable and provides good support to the applied loads. It can be achieved by stabilization of Dune sand by mechanical means changing its gradation economically. Lime, cement, bitumen, ceramic granules, etc. are used to stabilize the Dune Sand in earlier attempts. In the present work Iron Dust of passing 2.36mm size which is an industrial waste and which creates a problem for disposal is utilized. Iron Dust of size 2.36mm is mixed with Dune Sand by weight in varying percentages i.e. 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and15%. California Bearing ratio, Standard Proctor, Permeability and Shear Strength Tests are conducted for each mix composition.

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The Purpose of this thesis work is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly any source, a system that is relatively cheap, portable, and depend only on renewable solar energy. The motivation for this thesis is the limited availability of clean water resources and the abundance of impure water available for the potential conversion into potable water. Two major challenges for human society today are shortage of fresh water and shortage of conventional energy. Solar still is the best method to convert saline, brackish water into fresh water using the unconventional source of energy which is freely and abundantly available in planet earth. The main draw back with conventional basin still is that the productivity is very low. Most important design parameters in flouncing the productivity are optimization of glass inclination, intensity of solar radiation, thickness of glass cover, basin filled with different material, Nano particles mixed with water in the basin, absorber plate area, free surface area of water and depth of water. The main difficulty in conventional still is maintaining mini- mum depth and large surface area of water. Inclined solar still is alternative to increase the surface area of water and maintain minimum depth. Researchers have put efforts to develop various designs of inclined solar stills to maintain the minimum depth of water using wicks, steps in the stills to increase the productivity. In this review, we are attempting to study the present status of different designs used to improve the productivity of solar stills.

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The Fuzzy assignment problem is one of the main problems while assigning task to the Worker. It is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization. It is a particular case of Transportation problem where the objective is to assign the resources to the activities so as to minimize total profit of allocation. In this paper we proposed modified Fuzzy assignment problem. The algorithm of this approach is presented and explained briefly. Also its Algorithm shown comparison with Hungarian.

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the two issues for which any structure should withstand is strength and stability. Every Structure needs a support system which is having a sufficient strength to bear loads and stability and to transmit it safely to the ground. The present papers shows the literature review of researches on analysis of steel and RC chimney subjected to lateral loads and wind loads considering the variation in geometry. The previous investigations concluded that, thickness of Shell and height to diameter ratio resist maximum part of lateral load on steel and RC chimney. The parametric study like shear force, bending moment, bending stress, deflection and modal oscillation is carried out in the previous studies based on examination of models. The behavior of Steel chimney is analyzed with the application of lateral and wind loads and the results were fetched out with the above said parameters.

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The speed control of a DC motor is an important in operating Direct Control Motor. The DC motor of varying capacities is used in a number of applications with operating values ranging from a few 100 rpms to large industrial motors. The DC Motor is a widely present equipment in many Industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics due to its ease of controllability. In this paper, the modelling of DC Motor has been done in Simulink and the speed control of DC motor has been done using the Fuzzy Logic Controller. A comparison with the PID controller has been shown further. The results show better control of speed using Fuzzy Logic Controller as compared to the PID Controller.

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Lateral load resisting systems are widespread use today in the design of tall buildings especially to resisting lateral forces caused due Earthquakes. For tall structures within 20 storey range, earthquake is the representing horizontal force because of immense self-weight of the structure itself. These loads are opposed by the lateral load resisting system of any structure. Analysis is done with OMRF, Shear wall, Bracings and outrigger. Results demonstrate that for six, twelve and twenty storied building. And results are evaluated for Storey displacement, Storey shear and Base shear. This Project aims to determine storey displacements for the different floor structure using alternative lateral load resisting system and it was found that Outrigger and Shear wall systems are more effective in resisting earthquake forces compared to other systems.

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This paper is about the use of non-linear Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for DC-DC Buck converters to enhance the performance parameters of the converter such as rise time, settling time, peak time, delay time. The non-linear control method is then compared with the linear Proportional Integral (PI) controller and it is find that non-linear control strategy is better suited for fast response of the system. Also, a Soft switching technique using ZVS scheme is used at the converter input to minimize the switching losses and EMI.

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The issues related to bullwhip effect have been studied rigorously in past, Even before the advent of supply chain. In this research we studied that how to reduces impact of bullwhip effect in small scale industries. In supply Chain Management the phenomenon of bullwhip effect can never be ignored because bullwhip effect is directly affected the supply chain. We also discuss that the how to control and reduce the information distortion, when orders move Consumer to Shop Retailer (Upstream or Downstream). In research analysis we discuss the four major causes of the bullwhip effect, Demand forecast, Price fluctuation, Order Quantity and Shortage Gaming. If we decrease the bullwhip effect then we increase the growth of the industries and also increase the efficiency of the industries.

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The crankshaft is also called as crank. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotational motion. In a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. It is one of the most critically loaded components. It experiences cyclic loads in the form of bending and torsion during the working. Here the failure of crankshafts for two wheelers mostly occurs in the crankpin. Thus the crankpin is an important component that mostly decides the life of the crankshaft. The crankshaft considered here is of Scooty ES. The analysis is done for finding critical location in crankshaft. It is a petrol engine crankshaft. Abnormal sound was heard in crankshaft while it is in operation. It was identified as failure of crankshaft. Severe wear has been observed at crankpin bearing location where the oil hole is provided. Here the analysis of the two wheeler crankshaft was done. Its results are then compared and verified numerically, then by the use of ANSYS software. The results compared here are Von Mises Stresses and the strain occurring on the crankshaft.

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Thruster brake is device to retard the speed of moving machinery & stop it accurately to desire position. Electro mechanical thruster utilize electro mechanical solenoid to apply braking force, whereas hydraulic thruster brake is applied a force via thruster that is operated by hydraulic force. The value of hydraulic force is fixed irrespective of load under braking force or over force leading to excessive & unnecessary brake wear. Thus there is need for a new type of hydraulic thruster where in we can change the value of hydraulic force as per requirement that is an active hydraulic thruster. Objective of project is determination of braking force required for emergency braking at three operating speed condition & selection of the braking system arrangement that is disk brake & caliper arrangement suitable for derived condition.Design development and analysis of electro hydraulic thruster mechanism with three step operation modes.3D cad modeling using unigraphix and analysis for strength of critical component of thruster using anasys. Development of emergency brake assist system test rig to test elecro-hydraulic thruster to determine braking distance determination for individual stages. Iterative methods will be used to predict safe braking distance at various vehicle speeds for different settings of EBA thruster mechanism.

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In the mining industry safety is a very vital factor. Safety is one the main aspects of the industry mainly mining industry. Inside mines wired communication is not so effective. Wireless safety system is more effective inside to avoid loss material, health of workers and communication between workers and base station. To increase both safety and productivity in mines, a reliable communication must be established between workers, moving in mines and a fixed base station. It is very difficult to lay cables which are not reliable and not effective. For to overcomes this, a new system is proposed with the help of Zigbee technology. This can be improve the level of monitoring production safety and reduce accident in the coal mine.

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Globally traffic congestion is considered to be an important issue, which can be reduced by proper traffic monitoring system. More recently, the advancement in wireless sensor technology shows a great promise in designing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness for deployment. The aim of this project is to develop a prototype vehicle traffic monitoring system using piezo based density calculation and RFID wireless technology for smart control. In conventional system traffic lights are designed on fixed time basis. The main objective of the proposed system is to operate the traffic light on instantaneous traffic density or have an adaptive traffic signal. The piezo sensors continuously senses the pressure of the vehicle and sends output voltage to the microcontroller which determines the length of time the signal must be given green signal. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) technology is the most promising technology to increase traffic security and proficiency, and to enable various other related applications in the domain of vehicular communication. Applications using VANETs have diverse properties. Applications such as clearance to emergency vehicles (e.g. Ambulance, Fire Trucks), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication is important to properly manage traffic situations. In this proposed method RFID reader detects the RFID tag given to special vehicles allowing those vehicles to gain first priority. These applications are classic models of what we call an intelligent traffic control System which aims to enhance security and efficiency in traffic management using new technologies for measuring instantaneous traffic and V2I communication to provide smart control.

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With the exponential growth of internet related data, the traditional databases are not enough to handle this huge amount of data. To store and collect data from the internet some changes observed. The newly incoming data was unstructured available from the external resources. Due to the large data, the relational database is not capable of handling the unstructured data, therefore, lots of organization moving toward the NoSQL databases. But the problem with NoSQL database they don’t use the structured query language for writing the query. Lots of tools are available in the market that provides data migration facility like Mongify, MongoBooster, Datacenters and Apache sqoop. The problem addressed with this database is that they do not provide the graphical user interface to perform operation easily and efficiently. The proposed web application provides a graphical representation for the one click migration and automatic query conversion with the help of simple click function. The proposed system migrated traditional database to newly available database (MongoDB). Linking process is used to reduce the data migration time.

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Software defect prediction is an important aspect of preventive maintenance of a software. Many techniques have been employed to improve software quality through defect prediction. This paper introduces an approach of defect prediction through a machine learning algorithm, support vector machines (SVM), by using the code smells as the factor. Smell prediction model based on support vector machines was used to predict defects in the subsequent releases of the eclipse software. The results signify the role of smells in predicting the defects of a software. The results can further be used as a baseline to investigate further the role of smells in predicting defects.

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Isoflavones, which are a subclass of flavonoids, are present in many different plants but the soyabean is the only common consumed food to contain nutritionally relevant amount of these diphenolic molecules. The two primary soybean isoflavones are genistein and daidzein. Isoflavones are referred to as phytoestrogens because they have a chemical structure similar to the hormone estrogen, bind to estrogen receptors (ER), and exert some estrogen like effects in cells. The present study was conducted “Preparation and standardization of food products by soya chunks and oats as substitute of meat products” however, isolfalvones affect many genes differently than estrogen as well as affecting some genes that do not respond to estrogen. Oats (Avena sativa L.) have received considerable attention for their high content of dietary fibres, phytochemicals and nutrition value. It is believed that consumption of oats possesses various health benefits such as hypochloesterolaemic and anticancerous properties. Oats have also recently been considerable suitable in the diet of celiac patients. Research and development on soya chunks and its products may be helpful in combating various diseases known to mankind. The prepared food products were seek kabab, kofta and Manchurian and served as treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 at 20:70:10 percent, 40:50:10 percent, 60:30:10 percent and 80:10:10 percent of Soya chunks, Bengal gram and Oats respectively with some objectives To assess the organoleptic quality of prepared food products to determine the nutritional composition of prepared food products to calculate the cost of the prepared food products. Sensory evaluation was carried out using nine point Hedonic scale.

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IoT is a booming technology which can be used to build a variety of applications making life simpler. Using newly available IoT devices like ESP8266, Raspberry Pi and RFID technology a smart access control system can be built. In this paper we have discussed about various sectors where such a system can be incorporated such as smart libraries, smart parking management system, Medical sector, smart post boxes, hotel management system, attendance and payroll generation.

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In this we are working on a cloud. Cloud is a storage for the web, here number of information are stored and can get the information of any project over the web. In previous approach we are working on cloud we run number of applications, while we use only single application at a time in this the energy efficient is less. To avoid this wastage we proposed a new approach to manage the energy efficient and manages its own workload by applying a set of distributed load balancing algorithm. This approach towards vitality convenient managements of virtual machine ( VM) that are provisioned by large, enterprise cloud computation resources of data center are effectively organized into a well-defined structure. The proposed approach gives proof of its benefits as far as flexibility, virtually proficiency and adaptability and also of its attainability with in the sight of high workload rates. We have at long last limit the dynamic assets of the server farm and subsequently its vitality utilization and abstain from over-burdening of figure hubs. We directed a progression of reenactment based analyses keeping in mind the end goal to assess our proposed approach.

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Agricultural and allied activities play an important role in socio- economic development of Assam as this sector is a major contributor of the state. Assam is basically an agricultural state and out of total rural population 80% depend on agriculture. So agricultural marketing is a vital tool for developing agriculture sector of Assam. Agricultural marketing can be defined as physical and institutional set up to perform all activities involved inflow of goods and services from point of initial producer to ultimate consumer. But the marketing of farmer’s product is a complex phenomenon. Involvement of large number of trade channels in the procurement of agricultural product, attitude of farmers and getting the immediate return are the main factors governing the whole marketing operation. There are various types of problems pertaining to organizational, functional, and infrastructural aspects. The organizational aspects are mostly concerned with the state intervention in agricultural marketing by implementing market regulations as an instrument to offer better price to farmers. The functional aspects are concerned with bottlenecks during grading, pricing, payments and other marketing operations. The physical infrastructure in Assam is weak in case of coverage of village, accessibility and marketing information. The rural go- down facilities are not so much available. Due to lack of proper market information facilities, the supply chain is multilayered. Taking advantages of farmer’s illiteracy and poor marketing condition, a set of middlemen at different stages have emerged as a channel for selling the agricultural product. Due to variation of price across the rural market the farmers get only 1/3 of retail or consumers price. Rest is absorbed by intermediaries and there is spatial price dispersion. So in this paper my study is the problems of agricultural marketing and how the marketing channels impacts the share of farmers and give some suggestions to remove the problems.

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Shear wall technique is used to resist lateral-load in multistoried buildings. Shear walls are very high in plane stiffness and strength, which can be used in structures to resist the effects of gravity loads and story shears due to earthquake forces. There are lots of literatures available analyze the shear wall. About seismic analysis not much discuss in any public literature review. In this present study, the main focus is to discuss has been studied with the help of two different models (G+11). Model one is RCC frame structural system without shear wall and model two is RCC frame structural system with shear wall. An earthquake load is calculated and applied to a building of multi-stories. Here work on displacements of models and finding out their displacements and storey drift results. Here main work is to find the displacement of two models by using software. Find the location of failure in model 1 after that providing shear wall. First analyze the model 1 displacement of storey and second is analyze the model 2 displacement with help of STADD PRO V8i. Also analyze the storey drift ratio of two models and draw with help of graph. Find the maximum and minimum displacement of models. An analysis was performed using STAAD PRO V8i software packages.

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Over the previous decade various IP-related advances have produced some level of specialized contention. One of these is the Network Address Translator, or NAT. This article portrays the inward workings of Nats in some subtle element, and after that takes an accompanied at the issues that have went with the organization of Nats in the Internet that seem to have filled this specialized discussion. Nats are an extremely far reaching peculiarity of today's Internet, and this article endeavors to give some understanding in the matter of how they work, why there is such a level of specialized debate about Nats, and maybe a few pointers to what we have looked into innovation and the procedure of institutionalization of engineering along the way. This paper manages a nearby investigation of system location interpretation with Ipv4 and Ipv6.

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The present study entitled "study on assessment of nutritive value of products developed using soymilk" was carried out with the objectives Preparation of value added healthy food products by incorporation of soymilk, cow milk .To assess the Organoleptic quality of prepared food products to determine the nutritional composition of prepared food products. To calculate the cost of the prepared food products. The prepared food products were carrot Halwa, fruit custard and smoothie with soymilk in different proportions and served as treatment T1, T2, T3 respectively. Sensory evaluation was carried out using nine point Hedonic scale. Data obtained were statically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), t- test and critical difference (CD) method. On the basis of findings, it was observed that in case of all the three food products namely carrot Halwa, fruit custard and Smoothie incorporation level scored the best with regard to body and texture, taste and flavor and overall acceptability. Three replications and treatments for all the three products were carried out and mean value were obtained. Enrichment with soymilk, fruits in products carrot Halwa, fruit custard and smoothie is well acceptable, based on sensory evaluation andT2 (soymilk +cow milk 50:50) was the best in all products. "Carrot Halwa" is rich in (Protein-9.71 Fat- 10.33 Iron- 5.12and fibre- 5.94), custard is rich in (Fibre 2.16carbohydrate-9.31and protein- 4.75) and for “Smoothie” is rich in (Energy- 287.7carbohydrate- 46.91and protein- 7.92) these three products are also rich in iron, fibre and calcium as well.

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Addition is a fundamental arithmetic operation usually worn in VLSI systems. The increasing demands for high speed and high resolution mixed signal integrated circuits dictate the use of Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technique in contrast to traditional CMOS logic style. Simultaneous fulfillment of demands causes the need for the adders that has high speed and low power consumption. Solution comes to an end by the design of GDI adders. GDI is a logic style that appears to be promising in reducing power consumption, increasing speed and providing an analog and digital friendly environment. GDI technique is a novel technique which is extension of GDI (gate diffusion input) technique for low power digital circuits design further to reduce the swing degradation problem. This paper presents logic style comparisons based on different logic functions and claimed Gate Diffusion Input logic (GDI) to be much more power-efficient than complementary CMOS logic design. This technique can be used to reduce the power consumption compared to existing SQRT BK CSA using BEC, This techniques allows reduction in power consumption, carry propagation delay and transistor count of the carry select adder. Thus, the implementations of different GDI adders have been suggested in this thesis. The work shows that proposed Carry Select Adder using GDI technique has less area and consumes less power. Also it provides reduced delay comparatively and therefore can be used in various processors in order to perform fast arithmetic operations.

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