Generally the stress and deformation analysis of any structure is done by constructing and analyzing a mathematical model of a structure. One such technique is Finite element method (FEM). A frame is subjected to both static and dynamic loading with dead load comprising the static load and the all other time varying loads making up the dynamic load. This project titled " Vibration Analysis of Frames " aims at analyzing the frame both statically and dynamically using the matrix approach of FEM by developing generalized codes in MATLAB. The analysis comprises of the static analysis of frame and the variation of various parameters such as displacement, moment etc with increasing number of storey's as well as dynamic analysis wherein a code is developed to find the natural frequency of the structure along with the various other parameters. A structure is always vibrating under dynamic loading such as wind etc and if the vibrating frequency equals the natural frequency of the structure, resonance might take place. It is thus necessary to analyze all these aspects of a structure first which we aim with our study.

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Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. CPS technology will transform the way people interact with engineered systems. CPS will bring advances in personalized health care, emergency response, traffic flow management, and electric power generation and delivery, as well as in many other areas now just being envisioned. This paper aims for providing an insight into this emerging multi-disciplinary methodology.

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The increase in pipeline manufacturing for process industries calls automation of welding system (AWS) in tune with today's demand for accuracy in welding, increased productivity with lesser resources and enhanced profit. Manual welding results in more manpower requirement, low productivity, and low weld quality etc. Automatic welding removes all above problems thus making system itself superior to manual welding system. In this paper, automatic welding system is designed and developed for welding of 'V' Groove in Pipes. AWS based on Embedded / Microcontroller with mechanized output control system is developed for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technique. Moreover, system is simple and economical.

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Hearing aids are now used to alleviate hearing impairments. However, more than 60% of impaired persons feel uncomfortable when using their hearing-aids because of the worse intelligibility resulting from bad speech comprehensibility. We believe that hearing impairments can be alleviated by a system with characteristics closer to being body’s ones. Research has been deeply involved in developing new algorithms to improve speech intelligibility. Although, lot of researches was held to enhance speech for impaired people, few authors deal with the problem of power consuming. No numerical results are given, making the comparison only with the hearing aids of the market. Most closely related to our approach is the work of, who provide a method for power reducing based on algorithm and hardware optimizations along with the architecture uses the odd/even data lifting. Our work is improved by avoiding the access to the memory for data storage. Instead, we formulate our algorithm under which a given data of the speech signal is segmented at the input and each segment is processed individually. In order to avoid losing of data information, the segments are overlapped and an overlap technique is then used for treatment. This approach provides perfect analysis and efficient computation. Consequently, the framework devised here is made generic and requires simulations and empirical evaluation of the routing scheme in order to be applied. Traditionally, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms are implemented using General Purpose Processors (GPP) for low rate applications. These devices showed limited capabilities for processing high volume data efficiently in real time. The trends had then been shifted to Special Purpose DSP (SPDSP) and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) in order to meet the increased complexity and to gain in performance requirements of these algorithms but with high cost functions. Today, FPGAs are highly preferred for their relatively high capacity, low cost, short design cycle and short time to market. FPGA affords the capability of constant reconfiguration to meet application performances. Dealing with digital speech processing as it pertains to the hearing impaired persons especially for miniaturized system applications; FPGA allows increasing sophisticated features to be built for better sound reproduction while keeping small size and low power consumption of the devices. Fortunately, simulation tools provide us a rapid design and basic information. Similarly, a high-level programming language is an efficient comparison tool for the final output results and system evaluation. In practice, the implementations are often subject to lot of limitations. Using DWT at multi-resolution over disjoint bands remains up to now a practical necessity for perfect design for digital speech processing in particular and herein some references from our work, where the goal is to investigate noise reduction and hardware implementation. This work extends previous research described in. In this we present the implementation of a multi-level one dimension DWT combined to an OLA on FPGA for a bio-inspired medical hearing aid application. The methodology aims to improve in one side better speech quality and in the other side, an efficient flexible reconfiguration and reduced cost functions. The scheme represents architecture for de-noising and frequency shifting. It is realized targeting a DE2 development kit board of Altera (EP2C70F896) and results are compared to that obtained in Matlab. The system provides a generic framework allowing the use of DWT analysis / synthesis with frequency shaping of the speech signal to improved speech intelligibility. We present some simulation results under VHDL and Matlab. Hence, a comparative study is done based on the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). MOS evaluations are presented for speech intelligibility and the gain obtained by the proposed architecture.

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This project describes about women safety using GSM & GPS. A GSM technology is most probably used for location base service monitoring and calling facilities. Here we introduced a device which ensures the protection of women. This helps to identify to protect and called resources to help the one out of dangerous situation. Anytime you sense danger all you had to do is hold on the button of the device. These consist of an ATmega328 microcontroller, GSM module, GPS module, and biosensors. The biosensor used here is Heart rate sensor, BP sensor and pulse rate sensor. The system works as a normal device tracker which senses the location though GPS system and sends the location of the particular person to family and police.

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The effective uses of a shaft are limited at its maximum operational junction frequency. The study was conducted by using the Finite element method. The shafts are used with flow of with rotation such as compresses, turbine and industrial applications. The major study was done on shaft by using different materials with different shaft profile of Solid and Hollow with two and Three Cracks. A natural frequency was analyzed and critical speed was predicted by using Campbell diagram and analysis was also performed for validation. In our analysis, ANSYS is used and the model is developed on CREO 5.0. In order to verify the present ANSYS model, the Natural frequency with their modes by using two types of materials are compared with the available experimental results present in the literature. And the design of shaft with solid and hollow with Two and three Cracks. In this study, the simulations of different profile shaft and two types of materials i.e. Gray cast iron, alloy 6061 and is analyzed for critical speed and natural frequency the configurations of shaft design are proposed. The results show that solid shaft and material like Gray cast iron of shaft decreases the critical speed with increase in a RPM simultaneously. The natural frequency of shaft is compared by using two types of materials and is predicted that at solid and hollow with two and three cracks of shaft profile a alloy 6061 gives better frequencies in different modes

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The heat exchanger plays a crucial role in various industries, to decrease the energy consumption rate by increased heat transfer rate through heat exchanger. Heat exchanger increases the efficiency and performance of system. In industry, the tube in tube heat exchangers are used as condensers, vaporizers, sub-coolers, heat recovery exchangers, crystallizers etc. In this research work, to enhance the efficiency and performance of heat exchanger, a triple tube heat exchanger was modeled and numerical simulation has been done for the analysis of performance and efficiency. This triple tube heat exchanger is an updated and modified variant of conventional modified double tube heat exchanger. The triple tube heat exchanger is made up of three different diameters of tubes and all three tubes are arranged in concentric way. In this, cold or normal water flows in most outer and inner tube while hot water is flowing through a middle pipe. The triple tube heat exchanger was analyzed at various different mass flow rate and temperature of hot water. The model of triple tube heat exchanger was prepared and analyzed in Ansys Fluent and numerical simulation was also done and verified the results. In this type of heat exchanger maximum area of middle hot water flowing pipe is in contact with both inner and outer normal water flowing pipe, it provides maximum area for transfer of heat and gives maximum heat transfer rate and performance instead of double pipe heat exchanger. The results of both numerical and software simulation of triple tube heat exchanger shows the increased rate of heat transfer coefficient in compact size of heat exchanger. The triple tube heat exchanger gives better performance as compare to convention double tube heat exchanger.

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Particle size distribution (PSD) affects the properties of granular materials and is used for designating their quality and performance. Traditionally, the determination of particle size distribution derived from mechanical system (sieving) is a time consuming method and difficult to measure the cohesive and food materials. At present, the image analyses techniques are used to determine the particle size distribution especially for cohesive and agglomerated particles. In this work, the particle size distributions of three grades of sago pearls are investigated by using the image analysis methods. Three grades of sago pearls are experimentally obtained from the innovative sago sizing mechanism by the different rotational speeds of bowl. The mixed shapes of particles including elliptical and spherical on particle size distribution are investigated. It is observed that, the median particle size is between 7.0 mm to 8.0 mm at lowest rotational speed and 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm at highest rotational speed of the mechanism.

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At current years Handwritten Character Recognition is main significant and admired research sector in the part of Image processing. In Handwritten edition there is no constraint on the writing style. Handwritten letters are not easy to recognize due to diverse human handwriting style, size and shape of letters. In a Handwritten character recognition, the set of geographies plays as foremost issues, as method in choosing the related feature that profits minimum classification fault. Handwriting recognition is most challenging area if image and pattern recognition. Handwriting recognition is very useful in real world. Text recognition in the handwritten documents has been studied as one of the projecting research areas by different researchers during the last few decades.

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Cryptography is a technique used from decades to secure and protect the information and send the data from one place to another without the fear of having been read out by some unauthorized and unauthenticated means. Several ways has been developed in this field to make the information more secure and avoid trespassing. However these methods may have some loopholes or shortcoming which leads to the leakage of information and thus raising a question of information security. The cryptographic technique is used not only to provide the security but also it deals with data integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation issues. In this paper I have discussed various cryptographic techniques and the limitations of those techniques as well. Some cryptographic algorithms are briefly described and their impact on the information is also mentioned.

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Image processing has a huge potential to do virtually anything. This project comes to the extent of details on detection of osteoporosis through CT scan images. Osteoporosis is a health ailment which causes bones to become so porous that they’ll break easily. Osteoporosis simply means 'porous bones’. Osteoporosis usually affects the complete skeleton however it most commonly causes breaks or fractures to the bones in the wrist, spine, and hip. The aim of the Osteoporosis detection by using CT images based on Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and Rule based approach is to recognize and distinguish between an ordinary bone image and osteoporotic bone image having its case as severe or non-severe.

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Tongue controlled mouse is an ingenious human computer interface specially designed for disabled person and people with tetraplegia. Here we present a paper that evaluate the permanent magnet and metal detector to control an input device. Based on the tongue position we can define the result is shown in this paper. In this paper we demonstrate the following experiment with simple hardware technique but actually the result system is very compact like dental retainer. This paper becomes very useful for future research studies to operate a computer input device.

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Aluminium 7075 alloy (Al-7075) has multiple applications from 1943, it needs improvements in mechanical properties of alloy. Past few years enhancing alloy properties by adding agricultural waste ashes, graphite (Gr), and SiC etc. as reinforcements. In present investigation Al-7075 alloy used as base material, reinforcements are sugarcane bagasse ash and Gr materials. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 & 13 wt% of BA reinforcement added in base metal to prepare Al-BA composites by using stir casting technique. The Gr reinforcement added in base metal 5wt% kept constant with various wt% of BA composites, which shows more enhancements in the mechanical properties of material. The mechanical properties analysed such as ductility by using percentage elongation and micro-fracture using SEM. Results are observed that, the mechanical strength increased i.e. ductility and fracture strength with increasing wt% of percentage BA reinforcement in base material of composite. Further, when 5% Gr particles added ductility, fracture strength and interfacial bonding strength increased in hybrid composites.

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Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. It is the most widely used man-made construction material in the construction world. Ever since concrete has been accepted as material for construction, civil engineers have been trying to improve its quality, strength etc., against adverse conditions. The OPC is one of the main ingredients used for the production of concrete. However in the context of increased awareness regarding over exploitation of natural resources to manufacture cement, an eco-friendly technology has to be developed for the effective management of resources. The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement and sand is the present issue in the present construction scenario. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. Use of Copper slag does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material generally considered as waste product. Hence in the current study an attempt has been made to minimize the cost of cement and sand with concrete mix grade M25 by studying the mechanical behavior of these concrete mixes by partial replacing with advanced mineral admixture such as Copper slag in concrete mixes as partial replacement of cement and sand. In this study, partial replacement of Cement and fine aggregate with Copper Slag considered. Experimental study is conducted to evaluate the workability and strength characteristics of hardened concrete, by partially replacing the cement and sand by various percentages of copper slag for M25 grade of concrete at different ages. The mixes were designed using IS Code method. In this project, properties of concrete have been assessed by partially replacing cement and sand with Copper slag is separately done in two different phase. The cement has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% is one phase and sand has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% is second phase by weight of cement for M25 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive, flexural and split strength with the conventional concrete.

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As of late, various expanded Proxy Re-Encryptions (PRE), e.g. Contingent (CPRE), identity based PRE (IPRE) and broadcast PRE (BPRE), has been proposed for adaptable applications. By consolidating CPRE, IPRE and BPRE, this paper proposes a flexible primitive alluded to as contingent identity- based broadcast PRE (CIBPRE) and formalizes its semantic security. CIBPRE enables a sender to scramble a message to various beneficiaries by indicating these recipients' personalities, and the sender can delegate to a re-encryption key to a proxy with the goal that he can change over the underlying cipher text into another to a new set of intended receivers. Additionally, the re-encryption key can be related with a condition to such an extent that only the coordinating cipher texts can be re-scrambled, which enables the first sender to authorize get to control over his remote cipher texts in a fine-grained way. We propose an effective CIBPRE plot with provable security. In the instantiated conspire, the underlying cipher text, the re-encoded cipher text and the re-encryption enter are all in steady size, and the parameters to create a re-encryption key are autonomous of the first beneficiaries of any underlying cipher text. At long last, we demonstrate a utilization of our CIBPRE to secure cloud email framework worthwhile over existing secure email frameworks in light of Pretty Good Privacy convention or character based encryption.

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Now a Days, many scientific applications spend a significant portion of their execution time in accessing data from files. Various optimization techniques exist to improve data access performance, such as data perfecting and data layout optimization. However, optimization process is usually a difficult task due to the complexity involved in understanding I/O behaviour. Tools that can help simplify the optimization process have a significant importance. In this paper, we introduce a tool, called IOSIG, for providing a better understanding of parallel I/O accesses and information to be used for optimization techniques. The tool enables tracing parallel I/O calls of an application and analysing the collected information to provide a clear understanding of I/O behaviour of the application. We show that performance overheads of the tool in trace collection and analysis are negligible. The analysis step creates I/O signatures that various optimizations can use for improving I/O performance. Input and output signatures are compact, easy-to-understand, and parameterized representations containing data access pattern information such as size, strides between consecutive accesses, repetition, timing, etc. The signatures include local I/O behaviour for each process and global behaviour for an overall application. We illustrate the usage of the IOSIG tool in data perfecting and data layout optimizations.

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Cloud computing refers to the practice of transitioning computer services such as computation or data storage to multiple redundant offsite locations available on the Internet, which allows application software to be operated using internet-enabled devices. Clouds can be classified as public, private, and hybrid. Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services. Since the cloud computing environment is distributed and untrusted, data owners have to encrypt outsourced data to enforce confidentiality. To achieve practicable access control of encrypted data in an untrusted environment is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a promising scheme suitable for access control in cloud storage systems. This system proposes a hierarchical attribute-based access control scheme with constant-size cipher text.

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In these research paper basic mufflers and its modifications and design of exhaust system belonging engine has been studied. The object of this study is decide muffler design which one reduces a large amount of pressure of engine. In designing, there is different parameter which has to take in to the consideration. These parameters affect the muffler efficiency. Internal combustion engines are typically equipped with an exhaust muffler to suppress the acoustic pulse generated by the combustion process. A high intensity pressure wave generated by combustion in the engine cylinder propagates along the exhaust pipe and radiates from the exhaust pipe termination. On the other hand, developments on automobile technology and increasing competition between manufacturers necessitates having being reduced weight, having capability of higher sound absorption and lower back pressure mufflers. Lightness could be possible if the thickness is decreased or the volume is reduced. However, this causes high back pressure. Therefore, the optimum design requires. Recently finite element methods are used to obtain flow characteristics and back pressure values of mufflers. Having used of this method, effect of different parameters can be examined without prototyping and best suitable muffler can be determined in the design process. Furthermore time and money can be saved.

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Combination therapies are widely used in the treatment of patients with cancer. The main rationale to combine anticancer therapies in the clinic is to obtain a better response with reduced adverse effects. Here i present a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model with a smooth nonlinear growth function to characterize and quantify anticancer effect of combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapies using time-dependent data. Based on such a transit two compartment model, Logistic growth Law has proposed a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to assess the antitumor effect. This model describes mathematically the impact of anticancer treatment on the dynamics of tumor growth. From the simulation results of combination of Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy treatment it is observed that, this model will provide better performance than those treatments applied individually.

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the current world of automobile, gear shifting system are basically classified into manually and automatic. Gear shifting system plays crucial role in automobile to vary the speed. So automatic gear shifting system is costly than manually gear shifts system but manually gear shifting system is difficult to understand for handicap people or it take physical effort to change gear. To overcome this disadvantage we try to apply touch screen based automatic gear shifting system. In that system by touch on touch screen panel gear is shift. By applying this gear shifting system it gives cost reduction in compare of automatic gear shift system and flexible or simple then manually gear shift system, and by applying this system on automobile it’s easier to drive car for everyone. It also reduces the possibility of transmission error of manual gear system. The purpose of this research is to reduce physical effort of human being and they can concentrate only in driving and prevent the accidents. In present report we studied literature review biased on this review we define transmission system and gear shifting mechanism to modify a manual gear shifting mechanism.

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The idea of Li-Fi is to provide data communication through fast blinking of light which is not observed by human eye. A better substitute to existing wireless communication is Li-Fi. Li-Fi is a subset of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) and RF communication which can produce data rates faster than 10 MHZ/sec. Li-Fi is the 5th generation of wireless communication technology. It provides very high speed for communication as compared to other existing communication techniques.

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The Internet of Things is a trending and evolving topic of technical, social, and economic significance. This concept has made progress in almost every field of human life. Right from durable goods, consumer products, vehicles, industries, sensors, and other objects are being combined with the Internet to connect the human life with technology There are number of applications of IoT that has made human life more simpler and only a few of these applications are discussed in this paper. This paper along with the applications will explore the vulnerabilities and threats in IoT environment and how the protection methods can be implemented to make IoT a promising technology that can be beneficial to the world.

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An experimental study of the heat-transfer process within epoxy matrix composite filled with micro-sized zirconia particles are proposed in this paper. The composites are fabricated using simple hand lay-up technique for a wide range of filler content. The thermal conductivity values of all sets of fabricated composites are measured experimentally using Unitherm Model 2022. The tests are in accordance with ASTM E-1530 Standard. The result shows that the effective thermal conductivity (keff) increases with increase in the volume fraction of the zirconia in the epoxy matrix. The measured values are compared with the value obtained from numerical simulation. The simulated and experimental values are than compared with calculated effective thermal conductivity values obtained from other established correlations as well for validation. From the study, it is found that the numerical values are in good agreement with the experimental value whereas various theoretical models are far from satisfaction. This study reveals that the incorporation of zirconia particles results in enhancement of thermal conductivity of epoxy thereby increasing its heat transportation capability.

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Intrusion detection encompasses a range of security techniques designed to detect (and report) malicious system and network activity or to record evidence of intrusion. To understand intrusion detection one must fully understand what intrusion is. Webster's dictionary defines an intrusion as "the act of thrusting in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation or welcome". For the purpose of this article, we will define intrusion as any unauthorized system or network activity on one (or more) computer(s) or network(s). This could be an instance of a legitimate user of a system trying to escalate his privileges so that he can gain greater access to the system that he is currently assigned, or a legitimate user trying to connect to a remote port of a server to which he is not authorized. These intrusions can originate from the outside world, a disgruntled ex-employee who was fired recently, or from your trusted staff. In this paper, one scenario of false positive is considered. The false positive is the case in which the normal data is detected as attack. We are focusing on this problem with the help of an example & proposing one solution for the same problem. The KDD CUP 1999 data set is used. The result of experiment shows that if a class has higher number of counts then this class is considered as an anomaly class. But if the true person is crossing the threshold value of count it will be count as anomaly. To detect the true person & to remove false positive, one solution is proposed.

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As many research works are going on in the field of wastewater treatment, a newly developed wastewater treatment by algae and saline water is gaining much importance. Various parameters like Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and Chloride were observed after the treatment. Percentage reduction rate of 78.62(BOD), 54.12 (COD) were observed. This is an environmentally safe alternative for treating wastewater.

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