This paper presents direct solar dryer for drying application likes as fruits, vegetables, and spices. Previous efforts on solar drying and recent developments of direct solar dryer for drying of cereal grains, fruits, vegetables and spices in the rural areas of the tropic and sub-tropic are critically examined in terms of drying performance and product quality and economic. The unpredictable rise and frequent scarcity of fossil fuel accelerated the continuous search for an alternative power source. Solar is one of the renewable and sustainable sources of power that attracted a large community of researches from all over the world. This is largely due to its abundant in both direct and indirect form. As such the development of efficient and inexpensive equipment for the drying of agricultural products using solar power evolved thereby improving the quality of the product as well as improving the quality of life. In this paper a review of direct solar is presented. It has been observed that use of direct solar dryer under natural convection and forced convection reduces moisture in very less time as well as drying rate is very fast than the sun drying.

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Zinc-Aluminium alloy were found to be superior to the traditional material such as cast iron, steel, plastic etc. as far as their mechanical and tribological property concern. But, at high stress conditions, zinc-aluminium (ZA) alloy has limited applications due to its lower creep resistance, as compared to traditional aluminium alloys and other structural materials, especially at temperatures above 100ËšC. Due to this reason there is a major loss of market potential for this alloy. It has been found that these problems to a great extent by replacing zinc with aluminium. This work present erosion wear behavior of Al-Zinc alloy reinforcement SiC composites and effect of process parameter on composite. Addition of silicon carbide reduces the wear of metal matrix composite material, it provides resistant to erosion, improves the hardness as well as tensile strength of the metal matrix composite material. Significant factors affecting the erosion rate of composites are impact velocity, wt. % SiC and impingement angle found to be most significance factors on the erosion rate of Al-25Zn metal matrix composites reinforced SiC.

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The aim of this paper is to avoid problem of traffic jam. It has more public carrying capacity than regular buses and monorail. It does not require special tracks like BRT, mono, metro. Also does not require large construction and can be implemented within short period of time. Here we want to show or explain the technology used in tunnel bus. The automatic stopping of this bus is controlled byan ARM microcontroller. The C programming language is used for programming the microcontroller. The hardware is assembled in a toy like prototype tunnel bus. Actuators and sensors are interfaced with printed circuit board (PCB) which is used for automation purpose. Simulation for the system’s circuit is done with the help of Proteus software. RFID reader is used to identification of right track.

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Topic modeling is useful in the areas like of text categorization, text mining, machine learning etc. It focused on creating statistical models to classify many topics in a collection of documents. Topic models provide a simple way to analyze large volumes of unlabelled text. It is required because there is huge amount of data present in different documents, online websites and social media like twitter, Wikipedia etc. we should know what the document is talking about to find out its the importance. A topic consists of a cluster of words that frequently occur together. Topic modeling is a technique used for discovering the latent topics that are hidden in a collection of documents, which will help for text categorization and opinion mining. This paper covers study various techniques used for topic modeling and gives comparative analysis of them on the basis of different parameters.

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In today's world there is only short time and workers working in industry. Due to insufficient time there is shortage in manufacture. To overcome this problem robotics were used. By using MATLAB program in robotic arm the whole system is progressed. It is beneficial more for the workers to save time and manufacturing production is also more. Various algorithm were used in microcontroller. Proposed technique correct any other fault happens in the irrelevant shape.

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EMAT-women 360 is an Android based application especially designed for Trichy women development. The development of mobile phones is massive in technology development. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973 by Motorola. The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on the device such as keyboards, applications, email, text messaging. According to data from the International Data Corporation (IDC), the worldwide Smartphone market grew 1.1 percent year over year in 2016. Android dominated the market with 86.8% share in 2016, followed by iOS at 12.5%, and Windows phone at 0.3%. Android is an open source Linux based system developed by Google, and primarily aimed at mobile handsets and other portable devices. Android provides a java based development platform for applications. The purpose of developing a women application is to use it anywhere and anytime to gain knowledge. The application very effective to be viewed in a mobile phone and using several applications for various reasons can consume lot of memory. This women application provides a wide range of useful information which is split into several functionalities. These include: career, security, beauty, cooking, health, motivation stories, daily news, new collection, fitness. In particular it is specially designed for the Trichy women. This application mainly provide details for their feature and for security. Notifications will be given for government exams, ideas for self-employment, loan and scholarship.

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the analysis of ECG signal plays a significant role in detecting cardiac peculiarities. ECG signal get effected by presence of noise, added from different sources. Several types of noises are present in the signal by Electrodes, Power interference, Instruments. It is absolutely essential to diminish these disturbances in ECG signal to increase accuracy and reliability. This paper describes various methods for feature extraction such as Discrete Wavelet (DWT), linear methods such as Linear discriminant Analysis (LDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and nonlinear methods. The classification mostly based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM).Each method have their advantage and Limitations.

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traffic patterns in the scheme for improving the performance of MANETs with cooperative communications have been significant. In the topology control of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks extend work to the case where nodes are distributed in three dimensional spaces with Secure Broadcast Communication. In this system the problem of Privacy threat is not handled and so an extended work by explaining an efficient system of local broadcasting with enhancement of security. Privacy threat is one of the critical issues in multihop wireless networks, where attacks such as traffic analysis and flow tracing can be easily launched by a malicious adversary due to the open wireless medium. It can be a foundation based or framework-less based function. It is best suitable for applications, where predefined base is an impractical one. It is a decentralized system where all the routing protocols are taken care by hubs. Hubs might act heavily in the system and can drop the packets before sending them to the intended destination. The core point of this work is to recognize these selfish hubs in MANET and prevent these nodes by proposing a collaborative trust scheme to be picked as a component of packet forwarding. Wireless system is a developing innovation that encourages clients for sharing of data immediately through wireless electronic gadgets regardless of their areas Performance metrics studied were the delivery ratio, loss ratio, throughput and delay. In any case, wireless system is defenseless against different assaults because of its efficiency and deployment situation.

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Traffic has become a major part of our daily routine. Every day many people lose their lives due to accidents on roads, road rages and delay in medical emergencies etc. These mishaps include individuals from all age groups. Heavy traffic on roads led to slow movement of traffic which causes a big problem in providing medical help in emergency situations. In Indian cities, it is difficult for an ambulance to reach the patient and then bring him/her to the hospital on time. By providing air ropeway from nearer intersection to AIIMS Hospital Delhi, we are going to estimate reduction in delay. We will overcome the problem of traffic congestion by making the patient fly over the traffic on roads. This air tramway system will reduce the incoming and outgoing traffic inside hospitals premises and nearby areas which will lead us to noiseless atmosphere near hospitals. We are going to provide the ropeway system for medical emergencies which reduces the time for a patient to reach the hospitals. Ropeway will reduce air pollution, noise pollution and traffic congestion near hospital area due to less number of Ambulance vehicles.

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The aim of the paper was to study the feasibility of using steel scrap in mix design concrete by checking various concrete parameters like compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. All the parameters checked with varying percentage by 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of concrete. In this experimental study M 30 grade concrete is used. For this concrete cubes, beams and cylinders were casted. Total 45 concrete specimens were casted and cured. Tests were done on cured concrete specimens at 28th day. The tests performed were compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test by following the guidelines set by Indian Standard. The test results were compared with plain cement concrete. The compressive strength of M-30 grade concrete was found out to be 33.25 N/mm2, 36.00 N/mm2, 38.36 N/mm2, 34.59 N/mm2 and 32.51 N/mm2. The split tensile strength was 2.78 N/mm2, 2.91 N/mm2, 3.52 N/mm2, 3.16 N/mm2 and 2.84 N/mm2. The flexural strength was 4.43 N/mm2, 4.44 N/mm2, 4.48 N/mm2, 5.34 N/mm2, and 4.33 N/mm2 respectively steel scrap percentages. After comparing results, we know that the 28 days compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of steel scrap concrete is more than plain cement concrete.

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360 degree belt conveyor is the transportation of material from one location to another with rotating and up-down mechanism. This conveyor has high load carrying capacity, large length of conveying path, simple design, easy maintenance and high reliability of operation. 360 degree belt conveyor system is also used in material transport in foundry shop like supply and distribution of molding sand, molds and removal of waste. This project work is to design the conveyor system used for which includes belt width, motor selection, belt specification, shaft diameter, pulley, bearing selection and specification, With The Help of Standard Model Calculation.

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As we know that the diesel engine are more favourable and demanded type of I.C. Engine because of the many major and important use of it like transport, construction, agricultural and power generation. Hence the demand of fossil fuel in also increases significantly. That directly affects on the economy of that country which import the fossil fuels to fulfil the need. And the main factor which affects to all equally is the increase in pollution (CO, HC, PM etc) by conventional fossil fuels. Considering all above explained factors, we have to use alternative fuels & recent studies shows the biodiesel is the best possible and promising choice of alternative fuel for the diesel engine. The reason behind the selection of biodiesel in diesel engine is its characteristics like biodegradable, oxygenated, sulphur free & renewable. We can use the biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel as a blend to take the advantages like reduced emission from harmful gases, lower engine wear resulting longer life expectancy of the engine and lesser engine oil consumption. This review is attempted to use of important performance & emission characteristic of biodiesel in diesel engine.

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Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this project, no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting. This project clearly demonstrates the working of transistor in saturation region and cut-off region.

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A composite material is a combination of two or more different types of materials; it gives better-quality quality than its constituents. Composite materials can be used not only for structural applications, but also in different other applications such as automobiles, aerospace, marine, etc. Fiber reinforced plastic material are commonly used in diverse manufacturing industries for the reason that of their better performance and modify made properties. Current composites exploit the fact that small scale sample of most of the materials are much stronger than bulk materials. The various physical tests which are conducted to obtain various properties and the reason for failure.

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The rainwater harvesting locally collects and stores rainfall through different technologies, for future use to meet the demands of human consumption or human activities. However, rainwater harvesting has much wider perspectives, in particular, if it is considered in relation to its role in supporting ecosystem goods and services. Rainwater harvesting (RH) is a new technique to conserve water and later use them in irrigation and other purposes due to growing urbanization and increasing population. Popularizing this technique in Gujarat, the credit goes to the Saurashtra Lok Manch Trust (an NGO) which works, studied the system and prepared the literature to educate farmers and other people that how to conserve water. The discharge of water from Sardar Sarovar reservoir through canals in recent years has boosted the agricultural production in a few districts of south (Bharuch, Baroda and Narmada) and north Gujarat (Ahmadabad and Gandhinagar). Now-a-days water harvesting system has been installed in most states of India because there are many benefits of adopting it such as increase in water availability, checks the declining water table, avoids flooding, improves the quality of groundwater through the dilution of fluoride and prevents soil erosion etc. Therefore, this study is focused on the contribution and role of RH in Gujarat Agricultural (by showing improvement in land productivity and increase in crop production). The data for the study is collected by conducting the primary survey through using the schedule technique and focused group discussions. On the other hand, the data is also collected from the secondary sources like official website, books, research papers, journals etc. A sufficient, safe drinking water supply is essential to life. However, millions of people throughout the world still do not have access to this basic necessity. After decades of work by governments and organisations to bring potable water to the poorer people of the world, the situation is still dire. The reasons are many and varied, but generally speaking, the poor of the world cannot afford the capital intensive and technically complex traditional water supply systems. Unfortunately these technologies are widely promoted by governments and agencies throughout the world. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an alternative to these unaffordable options. It has been adopted in many areas of the world where conventional water supply systems have not been provided, too expensive or failed to meet people’s needs. RWH is a proven technology that has been in use since ancient times.

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A key worry in transformer security is the high cost of the transformer and the relative long blackout time that happens when a substantial transformer comes up short. The correct kind of security can frequently distinguish beginning flaws before they get to be major. One of the most effective methods of protection from over loading of transformers is the load sharing method .The development of any country depends upon a large extent on availability and usage of electricity. In normal we used to control the industrial equipments by manual operation. It is overcome by a new mode of communication which is used to control all those equipments through load sharing mechanism by a single message from anywhere. The main aim of this project is to protect the failing or damage of transformers having applied more load on it to share these with another backup supply using GSM technology. The purpose of this project is to provide a secured environment for the transformers from overloads which are distributing power to certain regions by sharing these overloads with another parallel supply.

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Social innovation ensures the development and implementation of new ideas related to services, products or models to meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations. Such form of innovation relies on the inventiveness of local communities, civil society organizations, local businesses, citizens and individual contributors from both private and public sectors to improve the existing or create the new products and services in order to better satisfy the individuals’ needs. This research paper explores how new communication channels and government policies toward social innovation and social entrepreneurship are creating a culture with actively involved city administration, corporate contributors and individuals in developing ideas and pilot projects to solve the existing domestic and national social challenges. The examples of both governmental and airline corporate approaches to social innovation are provided in the paper. Crowd funding proved to be a successful tool of social innovation, especially in the airline industry. The analysis of the provided policies, methods and practical approaches will help to improve the airline’s social innovations.

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Method to determine specific type of blood a person possesses is nothing but blood type determination. Everyone should know their blood group. Before blood donation, transfusion, accidents and other emergency situations; diagnosis of blood type is most necessary step. Investigation of blood type usually carried out manually in laboratories by technicians. The testing becomes monotonous with large number of samples. Non standardized accuracy, Slowness are some of the drawbacks of manual testing. Sometimes it is unable to work in emergency situations. To develop methodology for classification of different blood group within short period of time with great accuracy is purpose of proposed system. System uses support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier to classify blood groups in emergency situations; without manual errors. Reduction of human interventions, transfusion reaction risks can be achieved with this methodology.

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Big data is an emerging technique for past few years. Many amounts of data are managed very easily by the software's. This data increases day by day from many resources and types of techniques and technologies. All those data are called as "Big Data". Data’s are huge in Variety, Velocity and its Volume. It is classified as structured, unstructured and semi-structured in nature. Now a days, teaching methods are changed totally. The data's are comes hugely from the social media's like face book, twitter, emails, Google, etc. The new technologies of class room are much more vital. The education systems are adopted by many technologies and still the education systems are facing many problems of improving the quality of education.

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In this paper particle swarm optimization algorithm has been used for job shop scheduling problem. Job shop scheduling is a combinatorial optimization problem where we have to arrange the jobs which may or may not be processed in every machine in a particular sequence and each machine has a different sequence of jobs. Job shop scheduling is a complex extended version of flow shop scheduling which is a problem where each job is processed through each and every machine and each machine has a same sequence of jobs. PSO (Particle swarm optimization) helps us to find a combination of job sequence which has the least make span. In PSO a swarm of particles which have definite position and velocity for each job. In PSO, to find the combinations we use a heuristic rule called Smallest Position Value (SPV). According to smallest position value rule jobs are arranged in ascending order of their positions i.e. job having least position value is put first in sequence. In previous research, PSO particles search solutions in a continuous solution space. Since the solution space of the JSP is discrete, the particle position representation has been modified for particle movement, and particle velocity to better suit PSO for the JSP. Single Row Facility Layout Problem (SRFLP) consists of arranging a number of rectangular facilities with varying length on one side of a straight line to minimize the weighted sum of the distance between all facility pairs. In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to solve the SRFLP.

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Data mining is the method of extracting important and useful material from huge sets of data. The intention of the data mining technique is to extract truths from an prevailing data set and convert it into a unique human comprehensible format for some spread use. Data Mining is rising research field in Agriculture crop yield analysis. In this paper our importance is on the submissions of Data Mining procedures in agricultural field. Crop estimate is an imperative agricultural problem. To discourse this problem, crop prediction technique is used. It is the one of the maximum frequently recycled clever technique based on Data Mining (DM) opinions to predict the crop yield for exploiting the crop productivity. This paper revisions the various data mining techniques for better crop productivity.

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The paper presents a portable blood glucose monitor using a non-invasive method with the help of infrared rays. A GSM module is used to transfer the details of the patient to the doctor instantly. This concept is to monitor the blood glucose level regularly. Because, diabetes is the non-communicable disease which is mostly affecting the people. Nowadays, most of the people are having diabetes. The non-invasive method is used to overcome the disadvantages such as blood loss which may lead to infections. A wireless sharing is done by GSM module which is for the reference of the doctor. The portable blood glucose monitor will be useful for the infected people so that they can monitor blood glucose when they need.

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The shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type heat exchanger widely used in the oil refinery and other large chemical processes because it suits a high-pressure application. The process of solving shell and tube heat exchanger in simulation consists of modeling and meshing the basic geometry using CFD package ANSYS 15.0. The objective of this simulation is to design of shell and tube heat exchanger with helical baffle and study the flow and temperature field inside the shell using ANSYS software tools. The heat exchanger consists of 10 tubes with the 800 mm shell length & the 100 mm in diameter. The helix angle of helical baffle will be varied from 0 degree to 25 degree. In this simulation, due to different helix angle and flow rate, the pressure varies in shell throughout. The flow pattern in the shell side of the heat exchanger with continuous helical baffles was forced to be rotational and helical due to the geometry of the continuous helical baffles, which results in an expressively increase the heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop in the heat exchanger.

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The aim of the work described in this paper is to obtain a greater understanding of the problem of the road accidents in developing countries like India by different vehicle types. Road accidents are serious problem and one of the crucial areas of research in India. A Road accident causes injuries, disabilities and even fatalities. The total number of fatal accidents as well as related fatality in the country is increasing over the years. To understand the cause, we need the traffic dataset to analyze it. The traffic accidents dataset are very large as the volume of traffic increasing day by day, it gets difficult to store, process and predict such huge sets of data using traditional software. Hadoop is one such framework which provides reliable cluster of storage facility, filtered traffic data can be fetched easily and can provide end user with traffic analysis and useful predictions.

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This study involves Cost evaluation of two Bridge forms RCC Box and Solid slab. A range in which these culverts are usually used. The bridge forms are designed in prepared Excel sheet and thereafter analyzed in STAAD.Pro and this process is repeated for all the span length considered in the comparison. The detailed cost estimation of all these structures have been prepared and presented and thus suitability of the better bridge type have been scrutinized on the ground of economy.

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