The wireless sensor network consists of nodes that generates data periodically. Due to energy and bandwidth limitation of wireless sensor networks, every sensor needs to transmit the sensed data to base station. In the wireless sensor network sensor could not send the data directly to the base station only send the data through the sink node. When compared to other sensor node the sink node only having more memory and energy with in the WSN. The compression techniques are used for encoding source information, the size of the provenance increases with the number of nodes traversed by the network packets. The base station generates path index for every available paths and indexes them. The energy and bandwidth limitations of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes it crucial that data provenance for these networks be as compact as possible. Even if lossy compression techniques are used for encoding provenance information, the size of the provenance increases with the number of nodes traversed by the network packets. To address such issues, we propose a dictionary based provenance scheme. In our approach, each sensor node in the network stores a packet path dictionary. With the support of this dictionary, a path index instead of the path itself is enclosed with each packet. Since the packet path index is a code word of a dictionary, its size is independent of the number of nodes present in the packet's path.

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Air pollution has become an environmental problem of public concern worldwide. In the present study, the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10) has been monitored from 21 November to 29 November at four different locations in Jabalpur city. Four sampling sites were selected on the basis of different parameters like population density, meteorological data etc. It revealed that particulate matters are mainly responsible for polluting the environment at different locations in Jabalpur city. Concentration of particulate pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 were higher than the permissible limits as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

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Agriculture plays a main role in country's economic development. The agriculture is the practice of farming which includes almost all the activities for cultivating the crops to the nation's benefits. One of the parts of agriculture is called farming, which is meant for growing of crops for food. With the advent of new technology, the farming practices are converted into smart farming, which includes the use of communication and information technology such as the internet of things for improving the growth of crops. This paper describes about the sensors and communication technology that can be used for farming. And with the help of the data that has been generated big data techniques can be applied to end up with valuable decision making.

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Optical character recognition (OCR) is the identification of printed characters using photoelectric devices and computer software. It converts images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine encoded text from scanned document or from subtitle text superimposed on an image. In this research these images are converted into audio output. OCR is used in machine process such as cognitive computing, machine translation, text to speech, key data and text mining. It is mainly used in the field of research in Character recognition , Artificial intelligence and computer vision .In this research , as the recognition process is done using OCR the character code in text files are processed using Raspberry Pi device on which it recognizes character using tesseract algorithm and python programming and audio output is listened. To use OCR for pattern recognition to perform Document image analysis (DIA) we use information in grid format in virtual digital library's design and construction. This research mainly focuses on the OCR based automatic book reader for the visually impaired using Raspberry PI. Raspberry PI features a Broadcom system on a chip (SOC) which includes ARM compatible CPU and an on chip graphics processing unit GPU. It promotes Python programming as main programming language with support for BBC BASIC.

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One Size is a web application for customizing apparels. We have come across many E-commerce applications where user can choose from the variety of products and buy them online, but the user has to buy products which are listed in their website. The user cannot design his/her own apparel. In this web application user can choose the cloth materials from a list of options provided, styles and also patterns for his apparels. The user needs to input his size according to the outfit. For users who do not wish to customize, a wide range of apparels are already present from which user can select outfit of his choice. The user can print images or texts in outfits like t-shirts, vests and even shirts. Once the user is done with designing part of the apparel, the user has to sign in to the website and place the order he/she also needs to provide some personal details for logistic purposes which can be used in future orders. The user can sign in using their Google or Facebook account. Web development tools like html, css, javascript and php and other frameworks are used for this web application. HTML is used for designing the structure of the website, whereas CSS is used for styling the HTML elements. Javascript is used to make the website responsive and php is used for handling the backend of the website. Any database can be used for storing the data of the user, product details and logistic details.

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Internet of Things links real-world objects to virtual world. Large amount of devices are connected to the internet and generates large amount of data. The data collected is to be controlled and converted to information for developing an efficient system. In this paper we focus on transportation system. Excessive crowds in buses often leads to loss of precious life. So, a survey is proposed using embedded system for automatic crowd monitoring in buses to avoid unnecessary accidents due to overcrowding. For counting people in the bus, the survey contains sensors such as Infrared sensor [IR], horizontal beam sensor, passenger counter sensor, video processing sensor, people counter. The gateways in this survey are PIC Microcontroller, Arduino, Raspberry Pi. The communication protocols are GSM, Bluetooth, ZigBee and Wi-Fi. The system is mainly designed to avoid accidents due to overcrowding.

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Optimal learning tool is an integral part of smart education. There are many e-learning systems that are widely available to educational institutions. The e-learning services rely on a software system that allows access to all the materials for the educational process and makes them electronically available to all the students on the internet whenever they need and wherever they are. The design and development of e-learning system is a critical part of the educational process as it reacts on the usage of the system. In this work, the design and implementation of optimal learning tool system is described where different techniques are explored. The proposed e-learning system is designed using various concepts like splitting, merging, encryption and deduplication. Server storage devices are able to maximize data storage space by incorporating data de-duplication into system. Although data de-duplication removes data redundancy and data replication, it also introduces major data privacy and security issues for the user. Our framework uses an e cient de-duplication algorithm to divide a given le into smaller units. These units are then encrypted by the user using combination of secure hash function and AES encryption algorithm.

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Health plays an important part in one’s life, a good health leads a good life. The generation we are living in has offered many easy techniques to make our life more comfortable and lavish but, on the other hand it has made us blind on maintaining a proper health. The youth and the old generation are careless regarding regular medical check-ups. A proper monitored health leads us to be less prone to life threatening diseases. The project Health Diagnosis System overcomes this serial problem by helping today’s generation to monitor their health regularly. It keeps in focus the elderly citizen and disabled patient. In this project, various parameters of the patient are monitored using internet of things. The real time parameters of patient’s health are sent to cloud using internet connectivity. By using IoT, the cloud storage is more reliable and does have minimal chances of data loss. It comes up with sensors that measures temperature, blood pressure and heartbeat of the patient. The Arduino used in the project continuously reads the input from the sensor and stores the data on cloud which is then accessible by the respective patient. The Arduino is coded using Python language. The input data from the sensor is stored and retrieved from cloud using BR and AES algorithm. These algorithms provide more security and file gets easily encrypted and decrypted. BR algorithm comes up with two techniques. One is random key generation and other is parallel encryption and decryption of file. The more popular and widely adopted symmetric encryption algorithm likely to be encountered nowadays is the Advanced Encryption Standard. The result of the diagnosis is accessed by the user through cloud which is displayed on mobile screen or any other display screens. The project functions by sensing the temperature and heartbeat of the users and uploads the data on the cloud which is later easily accessed and viewed by the respective patient.

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Nowadays, the elderly populations is growing at a faster rate and are suffering from one disease or the other. With the help of technology and Health care system are being developed in order to constantly monitor the patient physical parameter as allergies, temperature etc. These parameters are stored in medical data (patient information, patient medical history, test result etc.) Such information can be recorded on as a digital file, Database etc. and is collected by hospitals. Information that is contained in the medical data relates to an individual private life especially the health data. Such data is sensitive in nature and need security. Patient can share Medical Records to the Health care Members and Personal Contacts in Highly Secured Manner with Encrypted URL and Live-ID. Documents shared with Encryption technique using AES Algorithm and OTP will be generated and shared as E-Mail. Shared Documents will be accessed only after the validation of OTP has completed. Shared documents will be accessed and uploaded by health care Members and Personal Contacts.

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Disposal of waste material is the major problem in the world. Accumulation of the used waste tyre is the source of anxiety because rubber is a non-biodegradable material. Rubber creates harmful environmental effects by burning, land filling, disposal etc. The main objective of this experimentation is to study the workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete produced with the addition of waste tyre rubber shreddings. The waste tyre rubber shreddings percentage is varied from 0% to 3% with an increment of 0.5%. The work is carried out on M30 grade of concrete.

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This project is a remittance to the existing system where we have come up with an idea of combining laser waves and acoustic waves. We all know that light and sound can be used for data transmission through air. We have implemented an advancement for technology by using these waves underwater for the communication of naval submarines. The LASER BEAM (blue laser or green laser(450nm to 532 nm) can be used as a light source to transmit data from the Submarine underwater to the base station or satellite as green laser tends to look much brighter than red laser. Also, green light bends more than red when it enters glass lens. Since laser cannot penetrate through some objects we wanted to overcome that deprivation using acoustics which was previously existing .As laser is Omni directional there wouldn’t be any parsing of the data. This method can be used to overcome errors which are occurring during maximum transmission rate in existing system and it is more efficient. This bypasses the limitations involved in the use of electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves for underwater communication.

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The cloud computing is able to provide disruptive services by allowing an enterprise to lease computing, storage, and network services. This shift brought new revenue models and challenges to cloud providers. The critical challenges among the list are to efficiently migrate multiple virtual machines (VMs) with minimum service interruptions with the cost estimation. In this work on live-migration performance is tested which motivates the need for a better multi-VM migration strategy. A Hybrid copy algorithm is proposed whose goal is to improve the performance by reducing the page faults and approximately estimates the cost as well as the power consumption of the tasks. It takes the best of both the traditional methods of live migration pre-copy and post-copy. Optimal bit rate assignment makes a viable and useful solution for improving the current live-migration implementations. The hybrid-copy algorithm is implemented on the Xeon platform.

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In conventional analysis, buildings are analyzed after the complete modeling of the frame with the application of all the loads including the dead load in a single stage while in construction stage analysis the dead load (plus partial live load) are applied in separate stages as the structures are constructed storey by storey. This paper provides a review on the results of the above two different analysis methods studied in various journal papers.

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Coal mine is a hazardous place in which numerous lethal variables are risky for human life, particularly when impacts happen. Rescue team typically doesn't have a clue about the real circumstance of the mine passage. Accordingly it might be exceptionally risky for rescuers to go into mine passages to check survivors without distinguishing ecological data previously. To tackle this issue, robot is created for helping individuals to do the rescue work force. The robot is used for detecting the explosion environment of coal mine. We have developed prototype of a fully autonomous robot which can be used to indicate presence of harmful gases inside a mine for mine rescue operations in case of emergencies caused by natural calamities such as explosion. Coal mine rescue robot is a sort of portable robot. It can go into blast environment and discover gas content.

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In today's modern world where every persons are seen with mobile phones there are some environments such as schools, colleges, institutes and radiation equipped research areas where mobile phones are strictly prohibited. In those organizations passing information requires third party and this eventually has a time delay. It would be more sophisticate if there is a person who has access to android mobiles present in an area who is near to the organization, but can send or receive message through a fixed medium which is present in every rooms or blocks which is inside the organization. Hence we came up with an idea of developing an android app with some administrative privilege and can send or receive message to the lcd display which is controlled by arduino board which is present in every classrooms. This is done with the help of wireless communication using internet that connects every single device. This report represents the connection between the mobile app and a LCD display using arduino as a processing unit for data which extracts data from the mobile app BEINTOUCH. All these systems are monitored and controlled remotely by a mobile app. The project also extends to a security feature that only the authenticated users are allowed to use this mobile app sends database to the LCD display with an alert notification as a cling sound so that user can take necessary action. The mobile app is designed by Android Studio. This app will come into existence because of the current system in some colleges to call a person from his/her classroom, HOD/staff uses an attendee. This is like a intermediate between the student and staff. So, this can be removed by this mobile app called Beintouch.

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PASS (Plug & Switch System) encloses all functions of complete switchgear bay in a single module. The hybrid design makes use of traditional air- insulated bus bars to connect with other equipment in the substation while enclosing the following bay functions in a single phase gas insulating housing. Circuit Breaker 2) Combined Disconnector and Earthing Switch 3) Voltage Transformer and Voltage Sensors 4) Current Transformers. PASS modules are completely factory assembled & tested, ready for rapid installation & energization. PASS is available in numerous configurations including single bus bar, double bus bar, double circuit breaker, wind & railway application, pre-assembled H- configured switchgear bay, & various other customized configurations are possible. PASS with more than 8,000 bays is the most widely installed hybrid switchgear worldwide, protecting network in many different climates & applications. Close to GIS compactness at AIS value – the best of both worlds. Delivered fully assembled & tested, ready for rapid installation & energization. Modular design enables highly customizable solutions in a short manufacturing time.

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Due to the complexity of distribution network and the generations, fault current is the major problem in the system. This paper shows the SCR Based Fault Current Limiter by Using Series Transformer for Distribution System (SCRBFCLBUST). The utilization of transformer based solid state fault current limiter gives an effective way to control the magnitude of fault current. This reduces the cost of high circuit breaker. For controlling the fault current, the primary winding of an isolating transformer is connected in series with the line while the secondary side is connected to a thyristor in parallel. By limiting the magnitude the fault current is controlled. Using this SCRBFCLBUST the overvoltage can be controlled. It improves the power quality by simple structure and reducing the power quality problems. Its cost is significantly low. This SCRBFCLBUST can control the fault current without delay and increase the power quality of the system.

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The paper presents a design of control system for a portable refrigerator. Mechanic and software design of the system was realized for this purpose. To do this project a small metal box which has rectangular prism shape was used. Desired temperature value was provided one button. Up side of button increases temperature value, the opposite side decreases temperature values. To controlling temperature, there is a peltier which is provided cooling. Its usage is considerably easy because the temperature value is controlled by the current over the Arduino microcontroller.

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With solar energy as the source to power our plant; the solar still is the simplest desalination technology consisting of a shallow basin with a transparent cover and it is considered because of its cost, simplicity of design, operation and maintenance. It is equally very compatible for use in the world's poorest countries and adaptable, for it does not require complex technical know-how to operate and maintain. The efficiency of solar energy deployment and performance of a basin-type still is considered. The effect of solar tracking on the design and operating variables viz the ambient temperature, basin temperature, brine temperature, cover temperature, and solar radiation (irradiance/intensity) and how they influence productivity were examined and analyzed. Basin and brine temperatures have positive effects on the productivity, but the effect of glass cover temperature was not so obvious. It was clear from the results that the solar intensity impacted on the productivity positively. A sun tracking mechanism was explored to determine how this affects the performance of the still.

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This paper shows that E-Toll booking can be completely managed using the ‘Internet of Things’ concept based on the RFID and QR/Barcode scanning technology using Raspberry Pi. In reference to survey of annual toll collection on toll plazas, conducted by government of Maharashtra in year 2010, we examine and report on the conditions of total time spent, for money transaction on toll plaza, by a particular vehicle and further evaluate total fuel wastage as well as human errors involvement, while doing so. Finally to provide an optimal solution, we consent with the idea of making toll plazas completely automated, with assistance of IoT technology. By using this system no separate lane required at Toll Plaza.

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This proposed paper gives an idea for detecting alive human beings in disaster environment. Our model consists of specific set of sensors which are used to detect conscious humans trapped under the debris. A camera is also interfaced which will give live streaming of the surrounding. This live streaming of the camera can be viewed on website at the base station so that necessary and immediate actions regarding the same can be taken.

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Android faculty Management system is an android application that is useful for college students because within the existing system all the activities area unit done manually. It's terribly pricey and time consuming. In our planned system, students will read results using android phones. The info are keep within the faculty server. The college will login into their college account through the app itself and update the tutorial result. during this system, students have quick access for viewing the marks, provided their authentications area unit correct and that they aren't allowable to change/update the marks. The planned work has 2 modules: 1) Student/Parent 2) Admin/Teacher In the student’s module, student have to register their roll no, faculty number, student name. Admin module maintains the student’s marks of internal faculty exams. Beside from this the advanced options are just in case of natural calamities like oods, etc. notification to students are sent from admin workplace through app directly. Any new notice for a specific semester are uploaded by professor through application notifying to various semester students. Application also includes logic to support on top of mentioned facilities to its students, but if the person downloading the appliance isn't a student however associate aspirant who has completed HSC and desires to know regarding the college then it solely includes the publicity of the college. Students attending is additionally monitored by the application.

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Web applications provide vast category of functionalities and usefulness. The presence of security vulnerabilities in the source code of these applications is raising cybercrime rate rapidly. Attackers use many types of vulnerable malicious code to cripple and penetrate a Web site, from low-level attacks to high-level data breaches that expose infrastructure of the web applications. OWSAP 2015 has declared that XSS attacks are amongst the most powerful attacks against web applications. Cross-site scripting is an application-level code injection type security vulnerability. It occurs, whenever a server program code uses an unrestricted input via HTTP request, database, or files in the response generator statement without any validation. The main cause of XSS vulnerabilities is the weakness present in the source code of the web application. It may be due to the weaknesses of the programming language, improper input validations, or ignorance of security guidelines by developers. This weakness allows a malicious user to steal sensitive information and performs other malevolent operations. In this paper we are doing an analysis of the existing methods of detection and prevention of crosstie scripting vulnerabilities.

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This paper presents the experimental study on the consumption of waste rubber tyre in concrete as a replacement with fine aggregate in different percentage. The use of waste rubber tyre leads to the protection of environment and also it aids in preserving the natural aggregates. In this study the waste tyre crumb rubber was used as a replacement of fine aggregates and was tested for the mechanical properties of M30 grade concrete as per IS 10262-2009. Three different properties of concrete were tested which are compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. According to the test results it was noticed that there is decrease in the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with the increase in the percentage of rubber content as compare to the nominal mix. The percentage replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber was 5%, 10% and 15%.

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The impact of social spam is already significant. A social spam message is potentially seen by all the followers and recipients' friends. Even worse, it might cause misdirection and misunderstanding in public and trending topic discussions. Identifying these spammers and spam content is a very important issue. In the Existing System, Net Spam, the spam detection was done using Convolution Neural Network Algorithm. The possibility that anyone can leave a review offers a spam on spam reviews about products and services. Features for the detection of spammers could be user based or content based or both and spam classifier methods. In the Proposed System, social spam detection is done which can be used by any social network to detect spam. Once a new type of spam is detected on one network, the pattern can automatically be identified using K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm. In addition, new social networks can quickly protect their users from social spam. By using content-based filtering algorithm, filtering of feature based reviews and negative spam reviews, prevention of fake reviews and detection of spam users based on the user's reviews is done.

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