Sand is the most widely used fine aggregate in the process of manufacturing concrete. The river beds are the main sources for the natural sand. The natural sand is transported from its available places to the construction sites. Transporting river sand to the construction sites increases its sale price significantly. Due to short supply of natural sand and the increased activity in the construction sector, there is an acute need for a product that matches the properties of natural sand in concrete. Sand can be replaced by slit as a fine aggregate in construction sites. The root cause of Brahmaputra's flood is a large amount of silt carried by the river from neighbouring states which is about 1.87 billion tons per year. Due to this the river bed of Brahmaputra is rising gradually and reduces its water carrying capacity. That is why; a study was performed regarding possibility of use of silt as replacement to natural sand in concrete. From the analysis it was observed that river silt can be used as replacement to natural sand and also reduces the cost of construction.

Read More...

Now-a-days people are facing many security related problems while travelling. In such situations, they are helpless and don’t have any way to protect them or inform it to their family member. Hence there should be a system to protect them in such times. So this Route Management system helps them to seek help in any critical situation. For that, the system contains GPS to detect location and GSM mechanisms to pass their current location to anyone of the trusted contacts as a google map link .So that, an Android Application is deployed with initial registration of Mobile numbers. An Application which is deployed in the mobile devices can be able to Track the current location of the vehicle. If the location of vehicle route changes is been analyzed with the GPS and the data are sent to the parent Phone number. In this paper, both the logic of tracking the vehicle using its number that is been registered with the authorized mobile number. The registered mobile numbers can get the SMS alert from the vehicle location. This process is reworked continuously to track the android mobile phone. The motivation for every location based information system is: “to assist with the exact information, at right place in real time with personalized setup and location sensitiveness”. Such needs can only be catered with the help of location based services. As the use of Smartphone, tablets, pamphlets based on android operating system is increasing, many scenarios related with location tracking system have already been proposed and many software based on vehicle tracking have also been developed, but most of these software are not freely available and it’s difficult to identify the location by just using technologies like sensors. This vehicle tracking application presents a technique to track the location of college transport using an application present in a mobile devices the scenario proposed in this work is totally dependent on the GPS and SIM card of your Smartphone which would contain application for sensing over the particular location. Once this software is installed, it will work in the background, stores the vehicle number with the application. Software which would continuously keep checking through GPS. The enviable advantage of this software is that it is very easy to configure and keeps running in the background without interrupting the user which aids in identifies the location of vehicle.

Read More...

There are vending machines which dispense stationary items, newspapers, cool drinks, chocolates etc. Among these various vending machines, food vending machines are one of the most demanded products in today's market. The Mini Snack Smart is a PIC based food vending machine that dispenses food items. It also consists of an RFID reader module which reads the unique RF identification cards provided by the user. The user logs in using the unique RFID card and orders the items and their quantity as needed. Once the item and the quantity are selected the food is deployed by the machine. The GSM module sends the SMS about the order and balance details to the user's mobile number. The aim is to build a cost efficient and high performance food vending machine. The machine paves a way for cashless payment using the RFID card.

Read More...

College Management System is an application very useful for the management of college. In existing system all work is done manually. It is expensive and takes time. In our system director can directly assign work to the concerned department using android phone. Director and Head of department can access application from their phone. Director can directly assign work to the HOD and can see progress work. Director of college can easily see previous assign work to the HOD and its status. No one else can access the application.

Read More...

The impulsively fluctuating climate conditions and the supplementary effects demand the protection of forestry and Cultivation of crops in an agriculture field the Pests, bugs and insects are the vital issues that distress the development of crop. Eventually, trapping of bugs becomes a more challenging task. We using "Electronic trapping of insect pests". Is used to capture pests which troubling in Agriculture fields and ultrasound is used to avoiding the animals like rats & snakes. Moisture sensor is also used to monitor the water level of the field. LED and ultra violet lights are used in electronic trapping. Soil sensor is used identify the soil condition. Effective pest trapping will be highly favourable to the formers. Moreover this will definitely helpful to reducing the usage of pesticides.

Read More...

The Project Automatic Car Parking System using Arduino Uno controller is an interesting project which uses arduino controller as its brain. The project is designed for car parking. The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked and the place free for parking. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify the entry or exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged either side of the gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road so that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on, the LCD displays the message “parking space for 10 vehicles”. The number indicates the maximum capacity of park in this project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the IR signal gets disturbed and the controller will open the gate by rotating the DC motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the controller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the controller decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD. In this way, the arduino Uno decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park and displays it on LCD. If the count reaches '0', i.e. if the park is completely filled, the controller will display "NO SPACE FOR PARKING" on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park, the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking. All data will be posted on IOT server as a graph.

Read More...

Agriculture is the backbone of our country, there is a need for the implementation of advanced technology in agriculture. In this paper we propose solar powered automatic irrigation system which drives water from the water source as soon as the moisture content in soil falls below the threshold level and once threshold level is reached the motor drives off automatically using ATmega 328P-PU.This system conserves electricity by reducing the usage of grid power and conserves water by reducing water losses.

Read More...

To separate singing voice from music accompaniment the original file is segmented and each segment is analyzed for its voice content. Different features such as Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Log Frequency Power Coefficients (LFPC), Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC), Pitch, timbre etc., are used to detect voice in segments. Again statistical classifiers as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Hidden Markov Model (HMM) etc. can be used to classify segments as voiced segment to separate singing voice. This paper represents some of the techniques for singing voice separation. According to their performance, specific technique can be selected for application.

Read More...

A new computational developed system for early detection of driver drowsiness using brain activity is measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) are systems that can bypass the channels of transmission to provide direct communication between the human brain and physical devices. It can translates a different patterns of brain activity into commands. With these commands a robotic module can be controlled. The intention of the project work is to develop seat vibration that can assist the drowsiness people. Here, we analyze the brain wave signals. Generally human brain consists millions of neurons. The pattern of interaction between these neurons are represented as thoughts and emotional states in the human brain. According to human thoughts, this system will be changing which in turn to develop different electrical signals. A muscle contraction will also generate a unique electrical signals. All these electrical signals will be sensed by the brain wave sensor and it will convert the data into packets and transmit through radio frequency ID (RF ID) packets. Level analyzer unit (LAU) will receive the raw data from the RF ID packets and it will extract and process the signal using MATLAB platform. Then the control commands will be transmitted to the robotic module to generate seat vibration.

Read More...

This setup is concerned with the study of compressible flow in a converging-diverging Nozzle. From a theoretical and experimental investigation of the flow in an illustrative channel with convergent-divergent area variation, the behavior of the flow along the channel was found to be generally similar in trend to the flow in a stationary convergent-divergent nozzle. In compressible flow, the density and temperature variations are often significant. Therefore, the following study provides additional information on shock location, Mach number behavior and pressure distribution by varying nozzle length. The obtained curves show pressure distribution and Mach number along the two dimensioned nozzles which enable us to compare the experimental data with the theoretical calculation. Furthermore, interesting graphs are going to be plotted which shows some relationship between some nozzle parameters and flow characteristics.

Read More...

Corncob which is a biopolymer waste which represent an interesting alternative as a low cost adsorbent because of its abundant, renewable and biodegradable raw resource and properties such as its chemical stability, oil absorption, surface area, iodine value and high reactivity, resulting from the presence of chemically reactive hydroxyl groups. This project deals with the filtration of waste water using corncobs which are generally used as fuel which creates air pollution and global warming. Corncobs are one of the most plentiful and important agricultural wastes in maize cultivation. This project discusses about low cost water filtration by bio-sorption mechanism using corncobs as filter material in its various forms. The different layers of corncob are separated, granulated and surface activated by suitable treatment with 0.5 N phosphoric acid and citric acid. Also activated carbon is prepared from the corncobs and impregnated in 1N NaOH to increase the pore size and free covalent bonds by removing the organic adsorbates and unwanted impurities. Diatomaceous earth which is a naturally occurring soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into fine off-white powder is used as a filtration aid to filter very fine particles and bacteria that would otherwise pass through. The outcome of the project shows satisfactory removal of solids, hardness, chlorides, turbidity, BOD with an average efficiency of 75% and excellent removal of heavy metal concentration especially 90% of Chromium (VI). However the performance over COD is unsatisfactory and change in pH is negligible as it remains in acidic range as the influent.

Read More...

The Brushless DC motors (BLDC) is highly reliable and it does not have any brushes to wear out and replace. BLDC motors offer high efficiency and controllability and better heat dissipation, they have a long operating life is over 10,000 hours. In industry usually control of speed by using Proportional Integral (PI) controller due to simple control structure and easy implementation. This controller has some control complexity such as nonlinearity, load disturbances and parametric variations. In this paper, the analysis and mathematical modeling of BLDC motor is accomplished. Also, by using matlab/simulink the speed control of the three phase motor using Trapezoidal Back EMF method is projected. The improved performance of the Brushless DC Motor is displayed on the simulation result.

Read More...

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), dynamic spectrum gain is provided in which secondary users (SUs) can utilize the licensed spectrum bands based on the opportunistic non-interference. The operation of such networks is based on efficient cooperation between the SUs for the spectrum sensing. Due to the open nature of such mobile CRNs leads to the possibility of various security threats. In networks like mobile CRNs, the security threat called SSDF (Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification) in which malicious secondary users (SUs) altering the sensing information to adjacent to deceive and compromise spectrum sharing in CRN. This attack spread fake information among the SUs to lead the inaccurate selections about the PU activity. This attack was prevented by some recent studies, but another attack called Insistent SSDF (ISSDF) is introduced in CRN. ISSDF targeted the Distributed cooperative spectrum sensing (DCSS) methods in which attacker altering its sensing data as well as broadcasting the altering value of DCSS schemes at each iteration and reject from modifying its value according to the iterative protocol. The security threats like SSDF and ISSDF are harmful to CRAHNs. In this paper, we present the different methods to mitigate the security attacks in CRNs. The outcome of this paper is the current solutions and their problems.

Read More...

A piston is the major reciprocating part of the engine, and is utilized to generate power through the burning of a fuel. It is due to this, that the material is exposed to various types of loads that could lead to the failure of the piston after prolonged exposure. The piston material is therefore tested beforehand using various types of failure tests to analyze and predict the type of failure that the piston will undergo. In this project, we have used existing tests to analyze the failures of the piston and improve the performance of the material by the use of composites.

Read More...

The main objective of the study is to analyse the inventory control practices adopted by the construction companies. Inventory control is the most prevalent in the construction industry, where a contractor, site engineers undergoes some part of the work (or) majority of tasks involved in the projects. A decline in construction quality and productivity could be attributed to the performance of contractors and site engineers and their inventory practices in the projects. This study is to provide a system for evaluating the performance of the contractors and site engineers on the different construction projects by identifying the primary elements of the performance that indicates the quality of the works and analyzing the performance parameters for developing an evaluation and rating systems, which can be used by the major contractors in the construction industry.The inventory analysis is based on the primary data. The main sources of the primary data are collected by conducting questionnaire survey. A separate questionnaire survey is conducted in low level, medium level and high-level construction companies. The collected data is analyzed using SPSS software. Reliability tests have been carried out to find the reliability of the scale used for analysis. From the data analysis suggestions are given to improve the stock management practices followed in construction companies.

Read More...

This paper includes the overall technical idea behind using Aadhar card for voting. At the time of voting in the elections, the Barcode-Scanner will be used to decode the Enrollment ID printed on the Aadhar card in which our database is already stored/registered. Then it drives the next finger authentication stage. The authentication can be done using finger vein sensing with the help of fingerprint module, which allows the authenticated voters to vote on electronic ballot. Through this voting system we can see the result whenever we want either immediately or later as per our requirement. The system will provide an option to select the candidate to whom he want to vote for particular division where voter belongs to that particular division. The counted information is sent to the amazon web server through the GPRS For further process.

Read More...

In this modern world, everybody is in need of a vehicle whether it may be a two or a four wheeler. As of now most of them are hiring the vehicles through banks by getting the loans. The customers of the bank are not paying the dues properly after few months, so it creates a great displeasure for the bankers. We found out a solution for the bankers for their safer side. In our project we have an ARDUINO, GSM MODEM system... In this project when you buy the vehicle through loan they will provide A UNIQUE NUMBER via GSM system which operates particular date only. In order to activate the bank will send a SMS to the vehicle where GSM modem is being attached. This PIN number is sent to Arduino. Here the Arduino is the flash type re-programmable Arduino in which we have already programmed with PIN number. So the type PIN number is compared with stored number if the PIN number is valid the Arduino activates the relay driver circuit. Relay output is directly given to engine ignition system. Now we can start the vehicle. This number works for particular month only. After the particular month the Arduino activates the alarm driver circuit. The alarm makes the sound to indicate that number valid date is completed. Now we cannot start the vehicle. The customer has to pay the loan amount to bank. So the bank provides another PIN number via SMS.

Read More...

The aim of this project is used for automation of mechatronics processes. More recently Electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. This relays allow power to be switched on and off without mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. This systems are being advanced by ongoing research and development activities; one major activity entails the application with sensors to material handling, inspection and assembly operation. Now a days everyone knows what type of security we need, security in almost all the cases. Electricity theft is not a new phenomenon but it is becoming important because of its impact on the cost of electricity to consumers and the utility companies alike. But even after taking care we are still unsatisfied with the security which we provide by you. So as the technology is growing we are implementing new ideas over security purpose. One such a thing is using sensor which is used to detect the theft. The THEFT IDENTIFICATION USING GSM detect the theft when someone wants to theft electricity in home or industry then the theft will be automatically arrested with the help of sensor and make the alarm. The message will goes to MSCB after that they trip the supply. The buzzer will be on for indicating that theft is detected, buzzer will not be stopped until reset switch is pressed by the owners. Electricity can be fraudulently accessed through illegal hook-ups, meter tampering or bypass, billing irregularities and unpaid bills. Technically, this type of theft is the least sophisticated and is usually practiced by poorer households. It is also very easy to detect. Electricity Company to import power equipments like transformer and others to augment the demands of domestic and industrial consumer’s electrical power to both. The source of this illegal connection of power supply is mainly due to lack of proper monitoring system.

Read More...

Civilization is becoming increasingly aware of natural resources; it results in the use of water very carefully. Across India most people use the water in such way most of water gets wasted. It is seen in our day to day life that water requirement is increasing but the water resources are decreasing and the wastage of water is also increasing due to unknown leaks and mismanagement. So to solve this problem we are making use of embedded system that is it ensures Water conservation. A water management is split into different time intervals during which different water flow can be easily monitor and set by user. Whenever require supplying water or stop water supplying or the water flow rate exceeds the set limit, single user can control all these management.

Read More...

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are responsible for 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. RTA will become the 3rd largest contributor to the global burden of diseases after ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and depression. The main reasons were found to be rash driving, narrow curves, poor visibility, rain and snow and heavier traffic at night time than the rest of the day. Curve may be a blind, S- curve or U pin curve. The main reasons are lack of signboards, convex mirrors, retaining walls and light poles at critical spots. This want is resulting in recurrence of accidents. On hilly road drivers may unable to see opposite side vehicles which create accidents, so smart poll radar system can reduce accidents.

Read More...

The Airbag system was first introduced in 4-wheeled vehicles but this research gives information about the introduction of the airbag system that can be used in the two wheelers (bikes). The concept of airbag system is: "To reduce the injuries to a rider when impacting with an opposing vehicle and/or opposing object in frontal collisions by absorbing rider kinetic energy and by reducing rider separation velocity from motorcycle in the forward direction." This can be done with the help of ANGLE sensor, an angle indicator and sense of the collision and the large frequency vibration for to open the air bag. The material of bag will be optimized and calculation will be done accordingly. The research will also include the working, construction, installation and the problems regarding airbags. Some of the limitations perceived in deploying airbags are that two wheeler riders are less likely to be in a fixed location with respect to the airbag at the point of impact and the lack of supporting surface. The nature of such impacts will be analyzed in the simulation for a proposed airbag system to estimate the head accelerations when the initial contact with the airbag is during the deployment phase. By using CAD tool like Solid Work 2016 for modeling of airbag and simulation for failure analysis of airbag for static and dynamic condition.

Read More...

The term internet of things (IoT) is an intelligent network that is greatly achieving ground in the modern world. The IoT highlight the vision of a global structure of interconnected system. At present, the application research of (IoT) technology in smart assets like smart machines, digital twin, smart retail, smart grid and smart environment has been treading topic in the global field. Smart environment is a feature of smart city. The idea to build an environment with embedded sensors, displays, and computing devices so that users can understand better and control the environment is known as smart environment. It comprises of smart weather monitoring, smart agriculture, smart home, smart grid and many more. This paper briefly elaborates the new evolution in Smart Environment. Smart Environment is important as it will help us to grow in all aspects, economically make environment eco-friendly.

Read More...

The human face is a very important feature of an individual's body and it plays a vital role in the extraction of the person's behavior and emotional state. Another majorly used mode of relaxation and entertainment is music. Manually segregating the list of songs and generating a playlist especially based on the current mood can be a very tedious, time consuming, labor-intensive and upheld task. Various algorithms have been proposed and developed for automating the playlist generation process. However, the existing systems are extremely slow and require additional hardware like EEG or additional sensors. The system will be able to detect mood based on facial expression and automatically segregate the music according to the mood detected. This reduces the tedious and time-consuming task of manually segregating the music. This proposed system tends to reduce the overall cost of designing the system, with little or no additional requirements. Facial expressions will be captured using an inbuilt camera. As soon as the user captures the image the system will process the relevant mood and regarding this mood, the playlist will be generated.

Read More...

The issue of voltage unbalance and its impacts on sensitive loads is well known. To illuminate these issues, custom power gadgets are utilized such as energetic voltage restorer (DVR), which is most proficient and successful cutting edge gadget. This paper discusses a survey of the inquires about on the Energetic voltage restorer (DVR) for control quality Enhancement in power distribution systems. Affectability mechanical loads, critical commercial operations, Utility conveyance systems affected from distinctive sorts of blackouts and benefit intrusions and which comes about in budgetary misfortunes. This paper depicts DVR principle of operation, fundamental component, DVRs topologies system in dispersion framework, sorts of DVR control strategies, and recompense strategies.

Read More...

We propose a hybrid text detection and localization approach by combining region-based and CC-based information. At the pre-processing stage, a text region detector is designed to detect text regions in each layer of the image pyramid and project the text confidence and scale information back to the original image, scale-adaptive Binarization is then applied to generate candidate text components. At the connected component analysis (CCA) stage, a CRF model combining unary component properties (including the text confidence) and binary contextual component relationships is used to filter out non-text components. At the last stage, neighboring text components are linked with a learning-based classification – regression tree. To design a text region detector and group text components into text lines/words will be effectively analyzed.

Read More...