Concrete being most widely used construction material across the world need to be sustainable. Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. Cement is major ingredient of concrete. The cost of cement is increasing day by day due to its limited availability and large demand. At the same time the global warming is increasing day by day. Manufacturing of cement also releases carbon dioxide. In the present study an attempt been made on concrete and also an experimental investigation on the concrete using by replacing cement with Fly ash and alkaline liquid to decrease the usage of cement as well as emission of concrete. The ever increase in the demand of sand and decrease in its availability, there is an immediate need for finding suitable alternatives which can replace sand partially or at a high proportion. In this Research study investigates the effect of waste products as ceramic tiles partial replacement of sand. Use of crushed ceramic tiles as a fine aggregate. So here in this research study partially replacement of a fine aggregate in geopolymer concrete. The percentage of fine aggregate replaced by a ceramic waste up to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and investigate a fresh and hardened property of a geopolymer concrete. In fresh concrete investigate slump test and compaction factor test and in harden concrete investigate Cube, Beam and Cylinder casted and tested for compressive test, flexural strength & split tensile strength.

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This paper presents newly improved sequence of switching strategy for a direct AC to AC single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) by using the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM). This improved strategy has been implemented by using MATLAB/Simulink software and for the switching, the two antiparallel Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and diodes have been used. This new switching control process for a safe-commutation strategy is defined in this paper and implemented to several results sample verification and switching transients. This model is then used under different loading conditions for different frequencies to derive results.

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Single phase Ac voltage is controlled by 2 ways. The one is phase control, wherever a partial wave form is passed each 0.5 cycle and other is integral cycle control methodology, wherever portion of wave shape is passed to manage the voltage. During this project we have a tendency to uses phase control methodology to manage the voltage. Within the phase controller, the firing pulse is delayed to turn on the semiconductor unit in the each 0.5 cycle. This suggests that each time a part of an AC cycle is cut, the voltage to the load also gets cut. To deliver additional or less voltage to the load, the phase is increased or attenuated, thereby controlling the voltage. There are many ways to manage; we have a tendency to uses the microcontroller to manage the phase. A microcontroller will be programmed to fire device over the full range of cycle to induce a good relationship between the phase and delivered output of voltage.

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This review is based on Peltier Refrigeration and Heating. Peltier effect is also known as thermoelectric effect. Thermoelectric cooling has greater advantage than conventional cooling system. Peltier cooling is a way to remove thermal energy from a medium, device or component by applying a voltage of constant polarity to a junction between dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors. Power consumption is one of the biggest issue in today's life. To avoid this issue semiconductor is a great solution for power consumption. As the Peltier device consists of semiconductors, so Peltier can be the best solution for this. The main advantage of Peltier device is that they don’t need compressors, small size and flexible shape. In this review it is shown that the device will operate on both side, one side for refrigeration and other side for heater.

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Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices are at very initial phase in developing countries like India due to existence of many hurdles. In present research, an effort will be made to identify and evaluate hurdles in implementing SCM in Indian construction projects. Literature review approach and experts’ inputs (questionnaire survey) has been use to identify hurdles in implementing SCM. There were seven stakeholders involved in supply chain i) contractor ii) Developer/Builder iii) Material supplier iv) Project manager v) Site Engineer vi) Sub contractor vii) Supervisor whom we have chosen for the questionnaire distribution. From the data collected by questionnaire survey top hurdles are identified by IMPI (Importance Index) method. i) Cost Issue ii) Improper supplier/ partner relationship management iii) Improper Location and Transportation decision iv) Technical Obstruction v) Lack of Time, are the top five hurdles identified from the analysis.

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As the energy demand and the environmental problems increase, the natural energy sources have become very important as an alternative to the conventional energy sources. The renewable energy sector is fast gaining ground as a new growth area for numerous countries with the vast potential it presents environmentally and economically. Solar energy plays an important role as a primary source of energy, especially for rural area. This project aims at the development of process to track the sun and attain maximum efficiency using Microcontroller for real time monitoring. The project is divided into two stages, which are hardware and software development. In hardware development, two light dependent resistor (LDR) has been used for capturing maximum light source. Servo motor has been used to move the solar panel at maximum light source location sensing by LDR. The performance of the system has been tested and compared with static solar panel. This project describes the design of a low cost, solar tracking system.

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The project entails facilitating better healthcare services using NFC enabled devices. The NFC enabled devices offer an easy and secure way for self-reporting of health status information. The project involves use of NFC tag. NFC is used to collect important information about the patient such as the blood sugar count, pulse rate, ECG etc. Thus the doctor can access the patient’s data through just a tap. Medical data is confidential information that must not be openly be available to anyone with physical access to the storage media. We are making a technology to provide secure and quick access to medical information. It is very important for the treating doctor to properly document the patient under his care. Medical reports form an important part of the patient. It is important for the doctors and medical establishments to properly maintain the records of patient. It will help them in the scientific evaluation of their patient profile, helping in analyzing the treatment results, and to plan treatment protocols. Medical records include a variety of documentation of patient's history, clinical findings, diagnostic test results, preoperative care, operation notes, post-operative care.

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This work contains the design and analysis of braking system for FSAE/SAE SUPRA. Fundamentals of vehicle statics and dynamics and previous research works are kept in the core of designing and sanalysis of various components of braking system. Along with it, different ‘Engineering Software’ like SOLIDWORK and ANSYS are utilized for the analysis of brake disc, considering structural and thermal aspects. The guiding factors of the design process were maximum braking power, safe stopping distance, minimal weight and manageable temperatures while maintaining reliability and control. For this first we developed a rationalized method to find out required ratio between front and rear braking forces to achieve maximum braking efficiency and to lock all the four wheels at the same time for the fulfilment of SAE SUPRA rules [4].After that according to data of braking forces, we have analysed the brake disc against the structural and thermal stresses. In this work, every progression of design was assessed and all the results of analysis have been interpreted. The basic aim of this work is to achieve the required standards for brake design in SAE SUPRA and to scale through the dynamic test at the competition. The designing of the whole braking system complied with all of the templates and envelopes required by the SAE SUPRA 2017 rules. The work serves as a guide to developing a desired braking system for high performance race car for the competition.

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The jigs and fixtures are the economical ways to produce a component in mass. So jigs and fixtures are used and serve as one of the most important facility of mass production system. These are special work holding and tool guiding device. Quality of the performance of a process largely influenced by the quality of jigs and fixtures used for this purpose. What makes a fixture unique is that each one is built to fit a particular part or shape. The main purpose of a fixture is to locate and in the cases hold a work piece during an operation. A jig differs from a fixture in the sense that it guides the tool to its correct position or towards its correct movement during an operation in addition to locating and supporting the work piece.

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Steganography means hiding private or secret audio within a carrier in invisible manner. In this paper we are working on avideo steganography algorithm based on Haar Integer Wavelet Transforms (IWT) and extraction in luminance and chrominance (YCbCr) components of the video files. In this approach, the cover-video is divided into YCbCr frames and the audio in binary form is embedded into the IWT coefficients. The embedded audio is extracted from stego-video using the reverse process of data hiding. Haar wavelet transform is applied to get the low frequency sub-band in an image to hide data. The frequency sub-bands are (LL, LH, HL and HH).The work of various researchers is discussed about video steganography and their techniques for embedding and extraction of data. With the advancement of technology and multimedia information, Videos and digital images are increasing very quickly. A lot of information can be stored in video files. It contains number of frames played over a period of time. .Information can be stored in any or number of frames. Moreover, Attacker or Human eye cannot detect the presence of message in video because video frame is only visible for a fraction of time.

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Application for detecting an object using the mobile video camera and giving voice instructions about the current location of the blind user by using GPS and to give the direction of an object to the blind person. User will need to train the system first regarding the object information. System extracts the features to search objects in the camera view to know the direction of object, where it is placed using angle extraction feature. This Android application gives warning of the obstacles in the way to the user. Also the proposed system converts the text into audio for giving the instructions about the directions to the blind person and for such conversion the Speech synthesizer technique gets used. The camera of the phone is enough for this purpose and no special hardware is required, ensuring that it requires minimal effort from the user to use the application during everyday life. System gets used in social approach where the object in place or in path everyday life and with the help of this system blind person easily travel or visit common places such as school, college, hospital, shopping mall and travel on roads.

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The invention discloses permeable concrete and a pavement construction method. The permeable concrete comprises the following components: 1300 to 1810 parts of broken stones, 92 to 152 parts of water, 350 to 400 parts of cement, 20 to 85 parts of mineral powder, 20 to 85 parts of silicon ash and 0.4 to 8 parts of water reducing agent; if necessary, organic intensifying agent can be added. The construction method comprises the following steps: permeable concrete is mixed, poured and cured, an expansion joint is cut, and the filling and the other processes are performed. Concrete pavement prepared by the method has higher strength and water permeability, and the compression strength can reach or exceed 35 MPa; the flexural strength is above 5 MPa; the coefficient of water permeability is more than or equal to 2 mm/s; the requirements for the permeable concrete pavement can be fully satisfied. The permeable concrete is suitable for the construction of permeable concrete pavement, squares and parking lots; by adopting the method, the consumption of cement is small, the construction is simple, and the method is favourable for being popularized.

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Presently, small land holding farmers use work bulls mostly for land preparation. Their use can be increased and made more economical by using them for other farm operations such as ploughing, harrowing, fertilizer application, sowing and weeding. Improved hand tools will also facilitate farm work. Oxen can be used to pull a cart throughout the year which keeps them in training. Ploughs, riders, seeders and weepers are all seasonal implements. Manual method of seed planting, results in low seed placement, low crop yield and serious back ache for the farmer which limits the size of field that can be planted. The cost price of imported planters has gone beyond the purchasing power of most of our farmers. Farmers can do much to increase crop production especially grains if drudgery can be reduced or totally removed from their planting operations.

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A Programming Logic Controller is a digital computer used for automation of the electromechanical process. It is used to convert the previously used relay logic or wired logic for automation of an industrial process into ladder logic. It is used automate respective process but in this project RS-logicx1600 is used which is in the cheapest category or entry level of PLC. This paper deals with Design of Liquid Level Control System Using Programmable Logic Controller. Currently Textile Factory is used conventional relay control system to control level of fluid, however there are a lot of limitations , such as wastage , large no of labours, and difficult to maintained . In order to minimize those problems, we have tried to make Automatic using PLC. Electronic device used in my project are as sensor - switch, level sensor (limit switches), as controller:-PLC and pump motor, solenoid valve. Having the above device, I have also programmed using Ladder logic diagram In RS-logicx1600 Software and stimulate in order to load to PLC.

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The Automatic Forklift System (AFS) is designed to make the process of stocking warehouses safer and more efficient. This machine is self-drive by the used of battery power and the lifting mechanism is also run on the battery power with the help of lead screw mechanism. Available here are a wide choice of fork which can either lift or pull load by means of a lead screw. There are two main differences with lead screw devices, some are designed to lift and pull and some are designed just to pull. The main factor that decides if a lead screw machine can be used to lift, pull or both is the factor of safety that it required and the unit is built to; to lift a load there is a FOS (factor of safety) requirement of 5:1, whereas to pull a load requirement on only 3:1 FOS. Options are available for manual, electric, pneumatic or hydraulic cable pulling and lifting devices. All of which have their own unique features and specifications which can make one more suitable than another.

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Person re-identification (re-id) means it's a process of identifying a person which appears once in a camera of any public places. That means it aims to find a person captured in one camera in another camera at any new location. Person re-identification has many important security related applications such as cameras in shopping malls and stores. One of the major challenges in person re-identification method is the lack of spatial and temporal changes. The main aim is to compare different methods of re-id which includes an end-to- end Accumulative Motion Context Network (AMOC) based method addressing video person re- identification problem through joint spatial appearance learning , an image-to- video person re-id which is different from the most existing research of person re-id in probe and gallery setting, a visual attention model that is formulated as a triplet recurrent neural network which takes several glimpses of triplet images of persons and dynamically generates comparative attention location maps for person re-identification. The last two methods are about deep Convolutional Neural Networks (PersonNet) and reference descriptor which uses pre-defined set of values for re-id. The study incorporates each and every method in detail along with a comparative analysis aimed to realize advantages and disadvantages of above mentioned approaches.

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The primary intention of this investigation are focused on alerting structural engineers to the possible distortions, associated to the steel and composite bridge's service life when subjected to vehicle's dynamic actions. In this paper effort has been made to design and optimize such bridge structure analysis. The basic emphasis has been given to minimize the total deformation of the structural member by optimizing the cross sections, material properties and weight. The crust of our review focuses on the analysis of truss bridge structure, complex or simple because truss is the most widely used in steel bridges used in railways and pedestrian crossings.

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This project work is done in order to overcome the problem of parking in city. We live in modern world where maximum people uses cars and in upcoming time the rate of cars that need is also increasing. So there is traffic in parking area due to maximum cars enters in parking area. To overcome this problem, we are working on this project. We are using sensors and latest technology to solve this problem. The sensors are using for allocation of space for parking of car. We have to program for this project. We keep in mind about energy saving and try to save energy in project as possible. The Arduino is integrated with IR sensor to work for detection of empty space for parking. We use motion sensors to save energy. Light operates when cars or person enters in second floor of parking area So that energy is saved in our project. There is heavy rush in parking area. This project helps to reduce traffic in parking area. At first we were using Arduino Uno but due to the limited amount of pins for connection and future expansion we decided to use Arduino MEGA for this project. We have also added Stepper motor on entrance and exit which are operated using two IR sensors each. When a car enters the parking lot the first IR sensor senses it and commands stepper motor to open the gate and when the car is going inside the parking lot the second IR sensor senses it and commands stepper motor to close the gate. We have also added the second floor for the customers who are parking their cars for long term parking. If there is no movement on the second floor there is a motion sensor if there is no movement then the motion sensor will not detect the motion and it will cut off the supply on second floor.

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Online evaluation of Descriptive test is rarely used. Now-a-days in online examination, objective test exams are already available but the descriptive exams are in need in terms of understanding the knowledge of examiner and to reduce manual efforts of evaluations by the examinees. This paper presents effective techniques for the evaluation of descriptive type answers. In this, the answers given by the examiners will be evaluated .The answers given by the examiners and the answers provided by the examinees will be evaluated using semantic similarity. Different techniques such as keyword extraction, pre-processing of text, and keyword density have been used. This system results in good accuracy, improved results of reliability, and reduces the time and efforts taken by the examinees.

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Mechanical control methods involve the complete or partial removal of plants by mechanical means, including: harvesting, shredding, mowing, rototilling, rotovating, and chaining. Mechanical control methods can also be used to expedite manual harvesting activities, including hand harvesting, raking, and cut stump control, with the use of motor-driven machinery (Haller 2009; Lembi 2009). These management techniques for plants rarely result in localized eradication of the species, but rather, reduce target plant abundance to non-nuisance levels. A range of machinery for managing and controlling aquatic vegetation is in use today, designed for specific plant types (floating, submersed, and emergent vegetation) and for operation in specific aquatic habitats (open water, canals, shorelines, and wetlands). A mechanical aquatic harvester (harvester) is a type of barge used for a variety of tasks, including aquatic plant management and trash removal in rivers, lakes, bays, and harbors. Harvesters are designed to collect and unload vegetation and debris using a conveyor system on a boom, adjustable to the appropriate cutting height, up to 6 feet below the surface of the water. Cutter bars collect material and bring it aboard the vessel using the conveyor; when the barge has reached capacity, cut material is transported to a disposal site and offloaded using the conveyor.

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The aim of this paper is to identify the random error caused by micro EDM discharge machine by variying the machining parameters. The work piece medium is SS 316 having (3mm X 50mm X 50mm) standard diamension. The machining of 7 holes continuously by changing spark timing, current intensity and voltage across the electrode and work piece. Then the work piece is cleaned well to remove the extra burr in it. After taking reading the work piece is compared with master piece or actual given value in EDM machining program. The error from the actual and deviated value is calculated by using the error calculating formula. The positioning errors and hole profile deviation is happen in the work piece. The error machine is informed to the maintenance team to carried out the preventive maintenance. The random error is caused by the stepper motor friction in the Micro-Electrical Discharge Machine.

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Fuzzy controller, designed on the basis of human understanding of the method or identified from control actions, can be regarded as a simulator of human operator. Vehicle backing-upper system is a typical problem in nonlinear motion control of no holonomic robots. Controller design, however, may become complex, especially if the number of state variables is large. This paper recommends a fuzzy control design method for this problem. The addressed problem is the diagonal parking for an autonomous vehicle in which it has to successfully back up to a constrained domain. This controller is based on a stratified scheme, which is a combination of two fuzzy controllers. The rules of each module have been obtained from heuristic knowledge and numerical data. The goal of the controllers is to provide shortest path with continuous curvature Trajectories are composed of arc with minimum turning radius & straight line segments.

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This project is an e-commerce website with responsiveness. The primary goal of a shopping site is to sell goods and services online. This project is with the objective to develop a basic web application where a customer is provided with a shopping cart application and also to get products they want at best comparable price. This project also deals with study of user login system, payment through Razorpay, admin panel, seller panel and responsiveness.

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Due to emerge of large data repositories in the current world were large data are emerging in terms of millions on daily basis. These emerging data's are to be optimized so that the data can be used in several useful purposes. Optimization methods can be used in feature selection methods to resolve the most related subset of features from the data set with adequate accuracy rate from the original data set of features. Several bio-inspired algorithms which are based on the behavior of nature living beings. In this paper, we have proposed a method of combining feature selection with one of the bio-inspired algorithm for optimizing and further the optimized data with more accuracy are used for prediction.

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It has been unequivocally established that medicinal plants and associated knowledge play a significant role in the general welfare of the upland communities of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. Notwithstanding the recognition, however, organized research on indigenous medicinal plants and knowledge has been strikingly limited. This local wisdom is fast eroding for such reasons as biotic interference, shrinking land resource base, deforestation, insufficient support from the government and public policies, and lack of appropriate management and institutional structure. In this context, this article, drawing on an empirical fieldwork, sheds some lights on the indigenous medicinal plants and associated practices in six selected locations of CHT. After a general introduction, the second section summaries selected key literature on the subject. The third section presents some observation on the medicinal plant resources in the study areas, while the next section introduces the practice of traditional healers or Baidyas together with their problems. The concluding section furnishes the following clues on improvement: a) Systematic documentation and recording of the existing medicinal plants; b) Organized motivational and awareness raising campaign regarding medicinal plants and their benefits; c) Establishment of experimental propagation nurseries; d) Research support for proper documentation and dissemination of the knowledge on medicinal plants and associated folk and herbal treatment methods; e) Utilization of the local press, media and folk cultural practices as community-based extension and dissemination media to highlight the importance of medicinal plants and knowledge; f) Development of a network or platform to bring the Baidyas together by utilizing the community-based organizations.

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