Li-Fi means light fidelity y. It is the newest technology for wireless data communication. It is similar to Wi-Fi technology. It is often frustrating when the speed of data transmission is slow, which leads to more processing hours using other wireless transfer techniques. Wi-Fi provides us speed about 150 Mbps by using IEEE 802.11(n) but still it is not able to fulfil the requirement of user because of such reason we introducing the new technology such as Li-Fi. There is very high data transfer rate in Li-Fi technology. Li-Fi technology is firstly introduced by a German physicist Harald Hass. According to him Li-Fi technology provides more speed than Wi-Fi technology. In Li-Fi technology LED is used for transmitting the light signal. According to changes in light intensity of LED we get the appropriate data at the receiver. Light Fidelity– IEEE 802.15 Standard is high-speed, bidirectional, networked and mobile wireless communications using light. It uses concept of visible light communication for data transmission. Li-Fi is an emerging technology that could see specialized LED (Light Emitting Diode) light bulbs providing low-cost wireless internet connectivity almost everywhere. Li-Fi is the future of high speed data transmission in wireless communication technology.

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Students in the last year of engineering needs to develop projects, which will analyze their knowledge and enhance it physically. As there are various streams in engineering field; every year they need to make projects. Every stream has minimum 10-20 projects, which needs to be maintained properly. Initially it's quite easy to maintain the paperwork gradually it becomes complex to handle. Project Monitoring and Management System is a managing system which manages the college projects using web based system. Web based monitoring system helps the projects hence eliminates manual work.

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Opinion mining, also known as sentiment analysis. Recently micro blogging has been a very popular tool for communication among Internet users. Nowadays people can share everything in online Social network such as twitter, facebook. .People articulates their views and opinions regarding products and services. People can easily access and understand the opinions of others via web resources like as blog, review, and forum. These opinions are individual information which represents user’s opinions. The precise way for predicting opinions are to extract sentiments from the web, Opinions are so vital that whenever need to make a decision before want to know others’ opinions. Opinion is not only important for a user but is also useful for an organization. This survey is about various methods and techniques used to classify the user opinions like as positive, negative. Hotel's size and category negatively influence its online rating, while the number of reviews has a positive impact. Managerial implications, limitations and directions for future research are also discussed. Using this utility gain, which is a measure of value‖ that a consumer gets from this transaction. By doing so, one can provide customers with the best-value" hotels early on, thereby improving the quality of online hotel search compared to existing systems.

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Nanofluids often exhibit significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to the base fluid. It has been shown by earlier researchers that heat exchange between a heat source and nanoparticles, which frequently collide with the heat source, significantly contributes to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity. Contributions of heat exchange between a heat source and colliding nanoparticles to enhanced thermal conductivity have been investigated for the first time, through multi-scale modeling. A colloidal mixture of nano-sized (<100 nm) particles in a base liquid called nanofluid, which is the new generation of heat transfer fluid for various heat transfer applications where transport characteristics are substantially higher than the base liquid. In the present study, the effects due to temperature and concentration on thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, viscosity and density) for Al2O3, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, Ethylene Glycol based nanofluids are experimentally investigated.

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This study emphasizes on carcinogenic results of formaldehyde production which is also released as a by-product of combustion, off-gassing of various building products, and as a fixative for pathologists and embalmers. As much importance is not given that formaldehyde is also produced as a normal physiologic chemical in all living cells. Firstly, carcinogenic effect of the formaldehyde was observed in rats in 1980 when it was inhaled in excess quantity. Some epidemiologic studies have also found increased numbers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and leukaemia in humans exposed to formaldehyde that resulted in formaldehyde being considered a Known Human Carcinogen. This study reviews the data for human carcinogenicity, early Mode of Action of formaldehyde, recent molecular studies related to carcinogenicity. This would improve our understanding ability of risk assessment of formaldehyde and measures to control it. To deal with complexity of carcinogenicity, new ways of thinking be incorporated into determinations of cancer risk assessment for formaldehyde and further measures to control it.

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In the world yearly consumption of natural fine aggregate (sand) is increase that affect the environment in terms river sand mining. To evaluate that problem the expanded clay lightweight aggregate is a better option of that. Expanded clay aggregate is made from natural clay. Clay is easily available material. From 1m3 clay up to 5m3 of expanded clay lightweight aggregate is produced. On this research using the expanded clay aggregate as replacement of natural fine aggregate. The expanded clay aggregate is eco-friendly, durable, and lightweight material the possibility of using the expanded clay lightweight aggregate as a fine aggregate explore in this research. An experimental study is made by preparing specimens by utilizing the expanded clay lightweight aggregate as a replacement of natural aggregate from 40% to 100% i.e. (0%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Test on fresh concrete is slump spread for all trial mixes (0%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). Conventional specimens are also prepared for M25 tests and the properties of concrete will be investigate. This study is insures that using expanded clay lightweight aggregate as replacement of natural fine aggregate in concrete gives a good approach to accomplish the better properties of ECA- concrete at all ages.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made. These studies integrate the environmental concerns of developmental activities into the process of decision-making. EIA has evolved as one of the successful policy innovations of the 20th Century in the process of ensuring projects which are sustainable. EIA is a formalized regulatory tool accepted in more than 100 countries for effective integration of environmental concerns in the economic and infrastructure development process. The EIA process in India was made mandatory and was also given a legislative status through a Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in January 1994.The baseline data is necessary for making EIA report. The Environmental Impact assessment of any Infrastructure project is carried out for determining the positive and negative impacts during and after construction. This project involves the study of baseline data to assess the Environmental impacts for the upcoming Metro Line 4(Wadala-Kasarwadavli) fraud. Malware is also detected before the time of downloading.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for the future. Several applications including military surveillance, scientific exploration, disaster prevention and monitoring, healthcare have been envisioned for them. The unique features of wireless sensor network give rise to new challenges in communication protocol, hardware and application design. Since nodes have limited energy supply, they are operated on low-duty-cycle. Nodes stay awake for a very small time between two long dormant periods. Low-duty-cycle flooding is a challenging problem for wireless sensor networks as every node has a random working schedule. Existing traditional flooding methods for always-awake networks cannot be used directly for wireless sensor networks. Opportunistic flooding is state-of-the-art flooding protocol for low-duty-cycle flooding in wireless sensor networks with asynchronous working schedule. In this work, three different protocols namely protocol X, protocol Y and protocol Z have been proposed for flooding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks. Their performance is compared with opportunistic flooding protocol and the optimal bounds. It is observed that protocol Z outperforms all other protocols. Effects of link-quality variations and node failures on the performance of the protocol Z are investigated. It is shown that link-quality variations as high as 20% have insignificant impact on flooding performance. To ensure high flooding coverage in the presence of node failures, modified protocol Z is proposed. Modified protocol Z ensures high flooding coverage while incurring a little more energy cost than protocol Z.

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Concrete plays a significant role in the construction of buildings and other structures such as highways, power projects, industrial structures etc. However, environmental concerns both in terms of damage caused by the extraction of raw material and CO2 emission during cement manufacture have brought pressures to reduce cement consumption by the use of supplementary materials called pozzolanas. The present study is done to study the effect of partial replacement of cement with metakaolin and fly ash with additives as polypropylene fibres and superplasticizers on compressive strength of concrete.

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A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. In this problem of heat transfer involved the condition where different constructional parameters are changed for getting the performance review under different condition. An excel program has been developed for the ease of calculation and obtaining result after changing different parameters. The tube diameter, tube length, shell types etc. are all standardized and are available only in certain sizes and geometry. And so the design of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually involves a trial and error procedure where for a certain combination of the design variables the heat transfer area is calculated and then another combination is tried to check if there is any possibility of increasing the heat transfer coefficient. Since several discrete combinations of the design configurations are possible, the designer needs an efficient strategy to quickly locate the design configuration having the minimum heat exchanger cost. In this particular problem the tube metallurgy and baffle spacing are being changed the results are obtained. In current paper the baffle spacing and tube metallurgy are the parameters considering change and effect of the same of heat transfer coefficient have been considered.

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In this paper an arithmetic and logic unit is designed of 32 bits and in addition its status register also added in this design. Its design is done by Verilog which is a hardware descriptive language. In this design arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division is done and it also includes bit wise logical operations like and, or, xor. The flag of the status register is get manipulated according to the output of the ALU.

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Emotion is a complex psychological phenomenon and it can be expressed through facial expression. Detecting of this facial expression is very important to interact with people efficiently. Facial expression detection system is a human-computer interaction system to understand human’s expression and emotion. In this paper faces and facial parts are detected, cropped, feature extracted and finally trained individually and as a group. For face detection viola-jones algorithms is used and to detect certain part of the face new method is introduced. For feature extraction local binary patterns, histogram of gradient and Gabor filters are used. Finally classification is done with linear support vector machines. The implementation is done on Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) Database and Cohn-Kanade (CK+) database and the recognition accuracy is compared between the different feature extraction techniques.

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In last two decades, technology improves tremendously in India. If we talk about construction and infrastructure, technology completely changes the work methodology of construction by replacing material and instrument. The time of construction is very important for the construction industry. Therefore if construction time increases, cost of the project increases. Precast construction is reducing the construction time and it helps in faster development. But connection in precast industry always remains critical from serviceable criteria or structural safety criteria. The purpose of this research is to design better connection of precast slab with steel beam. Analysis of lateral loading on connection of multi storey steel structure will be carried out & its effect will be studied. The multi storey G+12 storied steel structure building is modelled and analyzed in ETABS-2016. Analysis of the connection will be carried out in ANSYS through Finite Element Modelling.

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This project implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management services based on GSM. In this Project, design and development of a low cost transportation management system based on integration of GSM data with Transportation is described. The system comprises of various modules which are wirelessly linked with GSM modems. Cost effective SMS service of GSM network is used for the transfer of data between the modules. A new service, to facilitate the people who use public transport for travelling, is introduced inside the city. The service provides the user with current location information of desired buses based on which the user can adjust his schedule accordingly. The service therefore vanishes the need of waiting at the bus stop thus saving a lot of time. For the passengers not utilizing the service, displays are installed at bus stop to let them know the buses location coming towards that stop. The system is also efficient in handling the emergency situations. Based on the number of passengers and a recommendation report along with this analysis is sent to Tamil Nadu Government Transportation Department to have a check on the performance and services offered by transporters to common people.

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This research paper propose additional understanding to monophasic pulsed magnetic field generator circuit and classify it in to two sub system as long and short charging pulsed magnetic field generator based on the MATLAB simulation and analysis. Literature evidently shows that facilities spread globally is capable of producing magnetic field density up to 100T but with this research though in simulation it is scientifically proved that magnetic field up to 350T can be obtained successfully. Also the proposed topologies involve only one conducting power electronics device and one passive switching device.

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Aluminum alloy 7075 has been widely used in aircraft, structural application and automobile materials particularly for its low weight strength ratio result in lower fuel consumption. However further development is needed with respect to improve the wear properties for more versatile application it is achieved by the retrogression and re-aging (RRA) heat treatment. Dry sliding wear of the as-cast and retrogression and re-aging(RRA) heat treated alloy were tested it was found that when wear resistance of retrogression and re-aging(RRA) heat treated alloy is more as compared to the as-cast alloy. The parameters such as track diameter, load and speed were identified will effecting wear rate the design of experiments(DOE) approaches using taguchi method was employed to analyze the wear behavior of the material, signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used to investigate the parameters on the wear rate.

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The morphometric analysis couple with geographical information system and remote sensing which is used for evaluates various parameters for the development of Sabarmati watershed of sabarkantha district, Gujarat. The upper part of the watershed shows parallel-sub parallel and rectilinear drainage pattern indicative of structural control, whereas the lower part shows dendritic drainage pattern revealing the homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control. The elongated shape of the watershed indicated the values of bifurcation ratio, circulatory ratio and elongation ratio. If the high values of drainage density, stream frequency, infiltration number and drainage texture indicate the study area is underlain by impermeable rocks which responsible for high runoff. So, the result of this analysis useful in determining the effect of watershed characteristics such as size, shape, slope of the catchment on runoff etc.

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In this project the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages using for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem and to save human life we implement a design "FLOATING TRASH COLLECTOR". we designed our project to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular filtration of wastages, clearance of gaseous substance are from industries and commercials are still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are treated separately and monitor the disposal in frequent manner.

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The complete analysis of the of happiness of a country by using various parameters. We are analyzing the correlation between the GDP and Happiness Score preferences of people over a particular country, and leading according to their rank of happiness. The results of the analysis can be further used to make a recommender system to give the user the best experience of some of the best games according to his/her preference. The impact of happiness is decreasing. Since its inception, the industries has started various T.V shows and programs to make the audience happy with this continuous growth, it is important for the industry to not only maintain its existing standards and deliver happiness every time, but also to ensure public satisfaction. People satisfaction is extremely important for an industry.

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An important component of digital computers is adders. Adders are used in many different parts of the digital computer. They are not only used in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) but also in address calculation. Adders are also used in multipliers and other functional units. One of the Most Prominent adders In VLSI Industry is Parallel Prefix adders. The Parallel Prefix Adder (PPA) is one of the fastest types of adder that had been created and developed. One of the common types of parallel prefix adder is Kogge Stone adder. In existing system by using the Xilinx 14.1 software, the designs for Kogge Stone adders was developed for 8-bit.This paper focuses on the implementation and simulation of 16-bit and 32 bit Kogge adder based on Verilog code and compared for their performance in Xilinx. Hence, this paper is significant in showing which of the adder being tested perform better in terms of computational delay based on different sizes of bits.

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Now a day there is rapid growth in the applications based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. RFID technology provide automatic wireless identification using electronic passive and active tags with the help of RFID readers. Using radio waves, RFID transmits information about an object or person. In this project an attempt is made to make the use of one RFID smart card for taking attendance and storing the student related information and for cashless transaction for campus. This system will reduces the hectic task of monitoring the attendance as well as reduces the paper work. Cashless system provides transparency in transaction without using physical money.

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The exhaust gases emitted by diesel engines contributes greatly to continuing air quality problems. Even though more stringent emission standards are in effect, these engines continue to emit vast amounts of air pollutants like nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides and unburned hydrocarbons, including toxic compounds such as formaldehyde. All of these pollutants pose a serious threat to public health as well as the environment. The objective of this project was to develop and test zeolite catalyst for its ability to effectively treat diesel exhaust [primarily concentrating on reduction of NOx]. Nowadays, platinum based catalytic converters are being used to oxidize or reduce these exhaust gases. However, these convertors are more expensive due to use of rare transition elements like platinum, rhodium, palladium. Zeolite catalyst are much cheaper than these elements which makes it cost efficient.

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Drilling has been must for every industry. Drilling holes in a part, sheet metal and frame structures of fabricating industries are regular industrial work. Delamination free drill and accurate drilling needs rigidity and strong drills. Due to the complex space in irregular constructions the fixed drills will fail to make drill. To face that situation of drilling need to use hand driller in such cases but hand drilling machine have alignment problems while drilling. This thesis reveals a solution for that problem by fabricating 3600 flexible drilling machine with less cost. This drilling can be flexible due to its simple design and easy assembly.

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In this manuscript, testing alternative fuel in IC engine is performed, the objective of this test is to provide a hydrogen based fuel utilization. So the present study aims for hydrogen based internal combustion engine is making pollution free a hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its on-board fuel for motive power. The term may refer to a personal transportation vehicle, such as an automobile, or any other vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar fashion, such as an aircraft. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in which test main aim produce hydrogen from chemical process, and test its performance in IC engine.

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Today engineering industries are finding alternate ways to produce their products using eco-friendly materials. Natural fiber is used as an alternative resource to synthetic fibres. They can be as well reinforced for making polymer composite materials and their manufacturing is inexpensive, renewable and environment friendly. Natural fibers have low cost, low density and low durability as compare to synthetic fibers but with the help of fiber treatments, mechanical properties of natural fibers are improved. Natural fibers have distinct properties than synthetic fibers like high strength, low weight, low cost processing and bio degradability. The interest in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and fundamental research. They are renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, and biodegradable. Plants, such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, pineapple, ramie, bamboo, banana, etc., as well as wood, used from time immemorial as a source of lignocellulosic fibers, are more and more often applied as the reinforcement of composites. Their availability, renewability, low density, price and their satisfactory mechanical properties offers an attractive ecological alternative to glass, carbon and man-made fibers used for the manufacturing of composites. The natural fiber-containing composites are more environmentally friendly, and are used in transportation (automobiles, railway coaches, aerospace), military applications, building and construction industries (ceiling paneling, partition boards), packaging, consumer products etc. Banana farming generates more quantity of biomass which goes as waste. The parts of banana tree above ground such as pseudo-stem and peduncle are the major source of fibre. Banana fibers used as a raw material in industry for production of papers, tea bags, currency and reinforced as a polymer composite. The present paper discussed the properties of banana fiber and its application in various industries.

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